Обсуждение: Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

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Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

От
Robert Ford
Дата:
I am aware that this might be a broad question, but I am not expecting very specific answers either:

When it come to running a modern PostgreSQL server, which serves say 1 TB of data, are there substantial differences in performance between Windows Server 2019 and Linux today?  I know there are some issues with shared_buffers and windows, but does it manifest in real performance issues?

I have searched the web for this question, but is surprised to find very few concrete benchmarks on this.  Anyone with real world experience on this topic?

best regards
RF

Re: Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

От
Thomas Kellerer
Дата:
Robert Ford schrieb am 02.03.2020 um 15:42:
> I am aware that this might be a broad question, but I am not
> expecting *very *specific answers either:
>
> When it come to running a modern PostgreSQL server, which serves say
> 1 TB of data, are there substantial differences in performance
> between Windows Server 2019 and Linux today?  I know there are some
> issues with shared_buffers and windows, but does it manifest in real
> performance issues?
>
> I have searched the web for this question, but is surprised to find
> very few concrete benchmarks on this.  Anyone with real world
> experience on this topic?

I think the major Linux file systems do still outperform NTFS.

But you might want to consider something else:

Most of the interesting extensions and tools only work on Linux - that includes administration tools like barman,
pg_backor repmgr. 

So preferring one over the other, is not only about performance, but might also be about administration.





R: Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

От
Roberto Della Pasqua
Дата:

Well,

 

on Windows you should try ReiserFS over a nvme optimized WHQL certified hardware.

Da: Robert Ford <robfordww@gmail.com>
Inviato: lunedì 2 marzo 2020 15:42
A: pgsql-general@lists.postgresql.org
Oggetto: Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

 

I am aware that this might be a broad question, but I am not expecting very specific answers either:

 

When it come to running a modern PostgreSQL server, which serves say 1 TB of data, are there substantial differences in performance between Windows Server 2019 and Linux today?  I know there are some issues with shared_buffers and windows, but does it manifest in real performance issues?

 

I have searched the web for this question, but is surprised to find very few concrete benchmarks on this.  Anyone with real world experience on this topic?

 

best regards

RF

Re: Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

От
Justin
Дата:
Hi Robert

I've used Postgresql on windows for years.  Yes there are performance differences between windows and linux and the gap has gotten bigger with JIT

Common performance hits
Shared Buffers
JIT not supported
Windows can be aggressive  flushing  its disk cache,
Running Postgresql using HyperV had big performance hit in my setup it was  30% hit between the VM vs the Hosted OS. 

Switch to Linux to get JIT and saw significant improvement on specific queries,  for general use it was marginal improvement   once the hardware difference was factored out

On Mon, Mar 2, 2020 at 9:42 AM Robert Ford <robfordww@gmail.com> wrote:
I am aware that this might be a broad question, but I am not expecting very specific answers either:

When it come to running a modern PostgreSQL server, which serves say 1 TB of data, are there substantial differences in performance between Windows Server 2019 and Linux today?  I know there are some issues with shared_buffers and windows, but does it manifest in real performance issues?

I have searched the web for this question, but is surprised to find very few concrete benchmarks on this.  Anyone with real world experience on this topic?

best regards
RF

Re: R: Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

От
Tim Clarke
Дата:
But why even bother paying for MS licenses? Postgres runs like a train
on Linux. Save your money.

Tim Clarke
IT Director
Direct: +44 (0)1376 504510 | Mobile: +44 (0)7887 563420

On 02/03/2020 15:01, Roberto Della Pasqua wrote:
>
> Well,
>
> on Windows you should try ReiserFS over a nvme optimized WHQL
> certified hardware.
>
> *Da:* Robert Ford <robfordww@gmail.com>
> *Inviato:* lunedì 2 marzo 2020 15:42
> *A:* pgsql-general@lists.postgresql.org
> *Oggetto:* Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)
>
> I am aware that this might be a broad question, but I am not expecting
> *very *specific answers either:
>
> When it come to running a modern PostgreSQL server, which serves say 1
> TB of data, are there substantial differences in performance between
> Windows Server 2019 and Linux today?  I know there are some issues
> with shared_buffers and windows, but does it manifest in real
> performance issues?
>
> I have searched the web for this question, but is surprised to find
> very few concrete benchmarks on this.  Anyone with real world
> experience on this topic?
>
> best regards
>
> RF
>


Telephone: Witham: +44(0)1376 503500 | London: +44 (0)20 3009 0853 | Frankfurt: +49 (0)69 7191 6000 | Hong Kong: +852
58031687 | Toronto: +1 647 503 2848
 
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Re: R: Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

От
Ron
Дата:
Your comment assumes that OP does not have have a site license, and does have Linux expertise.  Neither assumption is always valid.

(And, of course, the Windows server might already exist.)

On 3/2/20 9:06 AM, Tim Clarke wrote:
But why even bother paying for MS licenses? Postgres runs like a train
on Linux. Save your money.

Tim Clarke
IT Director
Direct: +44 (0)1376 504510 | Mobile: +44 (0)7887 563420

On 02/03/2020 15:01, Roberto Della Pasqua wrote:
Well,

on Windows you should try ReiserFS over a nvme optimized WHQL
certified hardware.

*Da:* Robert Ford <robfordww@gmail.com>
*Inviato:* lunedì 2 marzo 2020 15:42
*A:* pgsql-general@lists.postgresql.org
*Oggetto:* Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

I am aware that this might be a broad question, but I am not expecting
*very *specific answers either:

When it come to running a modern PostgreSQL server, which serves say 1
TB of data, are there substantial differences in performance between
Windows Server 2019 and Linux today?  I know there are some issues
with shared_buffers and windows, but does it manifest in real
performance issues?

I have searched the web for this question, but is surprised to find
very few concrete benchmarks on this.  Anyone with real world
experience on this topic?

best regards

RF


Telephone: Witham: +44(0)1376 503500 | London: +44 (0)20 3009 0853 | Frankfurt: +49 (0)69 7191 6000 | Hong Kong: +852 5803 1687 | Toronto: +1 647 503 2848
Web: https://www.manifest.co.uk/



Minerva Analytics Ltd - A Solactive Company
9 Freebournes Court | Newland Street | Witham | Essex | CM8 2BL | United Kingdom

________________________________

Copyright: This e-mail may contain confidential or legally privileged information. If you are not the named addressee you must not use or disclose such information, instead please report it to admin@minerva.info<mailto:admin@minerva.info>
Legal: Minerva Analytics is the trading name of: Minerva Analytics Ltd: Registered in England Number 11260966 & The Manifest Voting Agency Ltd: Registered in England Number 2920820 Registered Office at above address. Please Click Here https://www.manifest.co.uk/legal/ for further information.

--
Angular momentum makes the world go 'round.

Re: R: Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

От
Tim Clarke
Дата:
Not at all, we found that Linux "expertise" is 1/10 the cost of Windows
expertise. Time to plan for getting rid of the site license.

Tim Clarke
IT Director
Direct: +44 (0)1376 504510 | Mobile: +44 (0)7887 563420

On 02/03/2020 15:32, Ron wrote:
> Your comment assumes that OP does *not* have have a site license, and
> *does* have Linux expertise.  Neither assumption is always valid.
>
> (And, of course, the Windows server might already exist.)
>
> On 3/2/20 9:06 AM, Tim Clarke wrote:
>> But why even bother paying for MS licenses? Postgres runs like a train
>> on Linux. Save your money.
>>
>> Tim Clarke
>> IT Director
>> Direct: +44 (0)1376 504510 | Mobile: +44 (0)7887 563420
>>
>> On 02/03/2020 15:01, Roberto Della Pasqua wrote:
>>> Well,
>>>
>>> on Windows you should try ReiserFS over a nvme optimized WHQL
>>> certified hardware.
>>>
>>> *Da:* Robert Ford<robfordww@gmail.com>
>>> *Inviato:* lunedì 2 marzo 2020 15:42
>>> *A:*pgsql-general@lists.postgresql.org
>>> *Oggetto:* Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)
>>>
>>> I am aware that this might be a broad question, but I am not expecting
>>> *very *specific answers either:
>>>
>>> When it come to running a modern PostgreSQL server, which serves say 1
>>> TB of data, are there substantial differences in performance between
>>> Windows Server 2019 and Linux today?  I know there are some issues
>>> with shared_buffers and windows, but does it manifest in real
>>> performance issues?
>>>
>>> I have searched the web for this question, but is surprised to find
>>> very few concrete benchmarks on this.  Anyone with real world
>>> experience on this topic?
>>>
>>> best regards
>>>
>>> RF
>>>
>> Telephone: Witham: +44(0)1376 503500 | London: +44 (0)20 3009 0853 | Frankfurt: +49 (0)69 7191 6000 | Hong Kong:
+8525803 1687 | Toronto: +1 647 503 2848
 
>> Web:https://www.manifest.co.uk/
>>
>>
>>
>> Minerva Analytics Ltd - A Solactive Company
>> 9 Freebournes Court | Newland Street | Witham | Essex | CM8 2BL | United Kingdom
>>
>> ________________________________
>>
>> Copyright: This e-mail may contain confidential or legally privileged information. If you are not the named
addresseeyou must not use or disclose such information, instead please report it
toadmin@minerva.info<mailto:admin@minerva.info>
>> Legal: Minerva Analytics is the trading name of: Minerva Analytics Ltd: Registered in England Number 11260966 & The
ManifestVoting Agency Ltd: Registered in England Number 2920820 Registered Office at above address. Please Click
Herehttps://www.manifest.co.uk/legal/ for further information.
 
>
> --
> Angular momentum makes the world go 'round.


Telephone: Witham: +44(0)1376 503500 | London: +44 (0)20 3009 0853 | Frankfurt: +49 (0)69 7191 6000 | Hong Kong: +852
58031687 | Toronto: +1 647 503 2848
 
Web: https://www.manifest.co.uk/



Minerva Analytics Ltd - A Solactive Company
9 Freebournes Court | Newland Street | Witham | Essex | CM8 2BL | United Kingdom

________________________________

Copyright: This e-mail may contain confidential or legally privileged information. If you are not the named addressee
youmust not use or disclose such information, instead please report it to
admin@minerva.info<mailto:admin@minerva.info>
Legal: Minerva Analytics is the trading name of: Minerva Analytics Ltd: Registered in England Number 11260966 & The
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Re: R: Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

От
Ron
Дата:
LOL.  Double LOL, even.  We -- and a huge number of other organizations -- are completely wrapped in the Windows environment, from Outlook and Excel to SharePoint to the myriad of 3rd party programs that only work on Windows.

On 3/2/20 9:37 AM, Tim Clarke wrote:
Not at all, we found that Linux "expertise" is 1/10 the cost of Windows
expertise. Time to plan for getting rid of the site license.

Tim Clarke
IT Director
Direct: +44 (0)1376 504510 | Mobile: +44 (0)7887 563420

On 02/03/2020 15:32, Ron wrote:
Your comment assumes that OP does *not* have have a site license, and
*does* have Linux expertise.  Neither assumption is always valid.

(And, of course, the Windows server might already exist.)

On 3/2/20 9:06 AM, Tim Clarke wrote:
But why even bother paying for MS licenses? Postgres runs like a train
on Linux. Save your money.

Tim Clarke
IT Director
Direct: +44 (0)1376 504510 | Mobile: +44 (0)7887 563420

On 02/03/2020 15:01, Roberto Della Pasqua wrote:
Well,

on Windows you should try ReiserFS over a nvme optimized WHQL
certified hardware.

*Da:* Robert Ford<robfordww@gmail.com>
*Inviato:* lunedì 2 marzo 2020 15:42
*A:*pgsql-general@lists.postgresql.org
*Oggetto:* Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

I am aware that this might be a broad question, but I am not expecting
*very *specific answers either:

When it come to running a modern PostgreSQL server, which serves say 1
TB of data, are there substantial differences in performance between
Windows Server 2019 and Linux today?  I know there are some issues
with shared_buffers and windows, but does it manifest in real
performance issues?

I have searched the web for this question, but is surprised to find
very few concrete benchmarks on this.  Anyone with real world
experience on this topic?

best regards

RF

Telephone: Witham: +44(0)1376 503500 | London: +44 (0)20 3009 0853 | Frankfurt: +49 (0)69 7191 6000 | Hong Kong: +852 5803 1687 | Toronto: +1 647 503 2848
Web:https://www.manifest.co.uk/



Minerva Analytics Ltd - A Solactive Company
9 Freebournes Court | Newland Street | Witham | Essex | CM8 2BL | United Kingdom

________________________________

Copyright: This e-mail may contain confidential or legally privileged information. If you are not the named addressee you must not use or disclose such information, instead please report it toadmin@minerva.info<mailto:admin@minerva.info>
Legal: Minerva Analytics is the trading name of: Minerva Analytics Ltd: Registered in England Number 11260966 & The Manifest Voting Agency Ltd: Registered in England Number 2920820 Registered Office at above address. Please Click Herehttps://www.manifest.co.uk/legal/  for further information.
--
Angular momentum makes the world go 'round.

Telephone: Witham: +44(0)1376 503500 | London: +44 (0)20 3009 0853 | Frankfurt: +49 (0)69 7191 6000 | Hong Kong: +852 5803 1687 | Toronto: +1 647 503 2848
Web: https://www.manifest.co.uk/



Minerva Analytics Ltd - A Solactive Company
9 Freebournes Court | Newland Street | Witham | Essex | CM8 2BL | United Kingdom

________________________________

Copyright: This e-mail may contain confidential or legally privileged information. If you are not the named addressee you must not use or disclose such information, instead please report it to admin@minerva.info<mailto:admin@minerva.info>
Legal: Minerva Analytics is the trading name of: Minerva Analytics Ltd: Registered in England Number 11260966 & The Manifest Voting Agency Ltd: Registered in England Number 2920820 Registered Office at above address. Please Click Here https://www.manifest.co.uk/legal/ for further information.

--
Angular momentum makes the world go 'round.

Re: R: Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

От
Tim Clarke
Дата:
There's always a good time to re-examine that :D

Tim Clarke
IT Director
Direct: +44 (0)1376 504510 | Mobile: +44 (0)7887 563420

On 02/03/2020 15:52, Ron wrote:
> LOL.  Double LOL, even.  We -- and a huge number of other
> organizations -- are completely wrapped in the Windows environment,
> from Outlook and Excel to SharePoint to the myriad of 3rd party
> programs that *only* work on Windows.
>
> On 3/2/20 9:37 AM, Tim Clarke wrote:
>> Not at all, we found that Linux "expertise" is 1/10 the cost of Windows
>> expertise. Time to plan for getting rid of the site license.
>>
>> Tim Clarke
>> IT Director
>> Direct: +44 (0)1376 504510 | Mobile: +44 (0)7887 563420
>>
>> On 02/03/2020 15:32, Ron wrote:
>>> Your comment assumes that OP does *not* have have a site license, and
>>> *does* have Linux expertise.  Neither assumption is always valid.
>>>
>>> (And, of course, the Windows server might already exist.)
>>>
>>> On 3/2/20 9:06 AM, Tim Clarke wrote:
>>>> But why even bother paying for MS licenses? Postgres runs like a train
>>>> on Linux. Save your money.
>>>>
>>>> Tim Clarke
>>>> IT Director
>>>> Direct: +44 (0)1376 504510 | Mobile: +44 (0)7887 563420
>>>>
>>>> On 02/03/2020 15:01, Roberto Della Pasqua wrote:
>>>>> Well,
>>>>>
>>>>> on Windows you should try ReiserFS over a nvme optimized WHQL
>>>>> certified hardware.
>>>>>
>>>>> *Da:* Robert Ford<robfordww@gmail.com>
>>>>> *Inviato:* lunedì 2 marzo 2020 15:42
>>>>> *A:*pgsql-general@lists.postgresql.org
>>>>> *Oggetto:* Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)
>>>>>
>>>>> I am aware that this might be a broad question, but I am not expecting
>>>>> *very *specific answers either:
>>>>>
>>>>> When it come to running a modern PostgreSQL server, which serves say 1
>>>>> TB of data, are there substantial differences in performance between
>>>>> Windows Server 2019 and Linux today?  I know there are some issues
>>>>> with shared_buffers and windows, but does it manifest in real
>>>>> performance issues?
>>>>>
>>>>> I have searched the web for this question, but is surprised to find
>>>>> very few concrete benchmarks on this.  Anyone with real world
>>>>> experience on this topic?
>>>>>
>>>>> best regards
>>>>>
>>>>> RF
>>>>>
>>>> Telephone: Witham: +44(0)1376 503500 | London: +44 (0)20 3009 0853 | Frankfurt: +49 (0)69 7191 6000 | Hong Kong:
+8525803 1687 | Toronto: +1 647 503 2848
 
>>>> Web:https://www.manifest.co.uk/
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Minerva Analytics Ltd - A Solactive Company
>>>> 9 Freebournes Court | Newland Street | Witham | Essex | CM8 2BL | United Kingdom
>>>>
>>>> ________________________________
>>>>
>>>> Copyright: This e-mail may contain confidential or legally privileged information. If you are not the named
addresseeyou must not use or disclose such information, instead please report
ittoadmin@minerva.info<mailto:admin@minerva.info>
>>>> Legal: Minerva Analytics is the trading name of: Minerva Analytics Ltd: Registered in England Number 11260966 &
TheManifest Voting Agency Ltd: Registered in England Number 2920820 Registered Office at above address. Please Click
Herehttps://www.manifest.co.uk/legal/ for further information.
 
>>> --
>>> Angular momentum makes the world go 'round.
>> Telephone: Witham: +44(0)1376 503500 | London: +44 (0)20 3009 0853 | Frankfurt: +49 (0)69 7191 6000 | Hong Kong:
+8525803 1687 | Toronto: +1 647 503 2848
 
>> Web:https://www.manifest.co.uk/
>>
>>
>>
>> Minerva Analytics Ltd - A Solactive Company
>> 9 Freebournes Court | Newland Street | Witham | Essex | CM8 2BL | United Kingdom
>>
>> ________________________________
>>
>> Copyright: This e-mail may contain confidential or legally privileged information. If you are not the named
addresseeyou must not use or disclose such information, instead please report it
toadmin@minerva.info<mailto:admin@minerva.info>
>> Legal: Minerva Analytics is the trading name of: Minerva Analytics Ltd: Registered in England Number 11260966 & The
ManifestVoting Agency Ltd: Registered in England Number 2920820 Registered Office at above address. Please Click
Herehttps://www.manifest.co.uk/legal/ for further information.
 
>
> --
> Angular momentum makes the world go 'round.


Telephone: Witham: +44(0)1376 503500 | London: +44 (0)20 3009 0853 | Frankfurt: +49 (0)69 7191 6000 | Hong Kong: +852
58031687 | Toronto: +1 647 503 2848
 
Web: https://www.manifest.co.uk/



Minerva Analytics Ltd - A Solactive Company
9 Freebournes Court | Newland Street | Witham | Essex | CM8 2BL | United Kingdom

________________________________

Copyright: This e-mail may contain confidential or legally privileged information. If you are not the named addressee
youmust not use or disclose such information, instead please report it to
admin@minerva.info<mailto:admin@minerva.info>
Legal: Minerva Analytics is the trading name of: Minerva Analytics Ltd: Registered in England Number 11260966 & The
ManifestVoting Agency Ltd: Registered in England Number 2920820 Registered Office at above address. Please Click Here
https://www.manifest.co.uk/legal/for further information.
 

Re: R: Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)

От
bret_stern
Дата:
We're one of those "stuck" in windows, as are most of my clients; 
Application licenses, Windows platform licenses, Remote desktop 
licenses, Terminal Server licenses...on and on.

A five year examination of licenses and application costs are staggering.

Our wish is to be free of those costs, and have a significant edge
on our competition....or at least use the hundreds of thousands of 
dollars for other uses.

Best to be knowlegable of both to see how clearly your being ripped off.

But I do understand the walls you'll encounter trying to change the IT 
infrastructure.

People get a new phone, and don't make a peep about all the learning 
they do; but dare you take away they're Excel spreadsheet..murderer..

Just saying,


On 3/2/2020 7:52 AM, Ron wrote:
> LOL.  Double LOL, even.  We -- and a huge number of other organizations 
> -- are completely wrapped in the Windows environment, from Outlook and 
> Excel to SharePoint to the myriad of 3rd party programs that *only* work 
> on Windows.
> 
> On 3/2/20 9:37 AM, Tim Clarke wrote:
>> Not at all, we found that Linux "expertise" is 1/10 the cost of Windows
>> expertise. Time to plan for getting rid of the site license.
>>
>> Tim Clarke
>> IT Director
>> Direct: +44 (0)1376 504510 | Mobile: +44 (0)7887 563420
>>
>> On 02/03/2020 15:32, Ron wrote:
>>> Your comment assumes that OP does *not* have have a site license, and
>>> *does* have Linux expertise.  Neither assumption is always valid.
>>>
>>> (And, of course, the Windows server might already exist.)
>>>
>>> On 3/2/20 9:06 AM, Tim Clarke wrote:
>>>> But why even bother paying for MS licenses? Postgres runs like a train
>>>> on Linux. Save your money.
>>>>
>>>> Tim Clarke
>>>> IT Director
>>>> Direct: +44 (0)1376 504510 | Mobile: +44 (0)7887 563420
>>>>
>>>> On 02/03/2020 15:01, Roberto Della Pasqua wrote:
>>>>> Well,
>>>>>
>>>>> on Windows you should try ReiserFS over a nvme optimized WHQL
>>>>> certified hardware.
>>>>>
>>>>> *Da:* Robert Ford<robfordww@gmail.com>
>>>>> *Inviato:* lunedì 2 marzo 2020 15:42
>>>>> *A:*pgsql-general@lists.postgresql.org
>>>>> *Oggetto:* Postgresql 12.x on Windows (vs Linux)
>>>>>
>>>>> I am aware that this might be a broad question, but I am not expecting
>>>>> *very *specific answers either:
>>>>>
>>>>> When it come to running a modern PostgreSQL server, which serves say 1
>>>>> TB of data, are there substantial differences in performance between
>>>>> Windows Server 2019 and Linux today?  I know there are some issues
>>>>> with shared_buffers and windows, but does it manifest in real
>>>>> performance issues?
>>>>>
>>>>> I have searched the web for this question, but is surprised to find
>>>>> very few concrete benchmarks on this.  Anyone with real world
>>>>> experience on this topic?
>>>>>
>>>>> best regards
>>>>>
>>>>> RF
>>>>>
>>>> Telephone: Witham: +44(0)1376 503500 | London: +44 (0)20 3009 0853 | Frankfurt: +49 (0)69 7191 6000 | Hong Kong:
+8525803 1687 | Toronto: +1 647 503 2848
 
>>>> Web:https://www.manifest.co.uk/
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Minerva Analytics Ltd - A Solactive Company
>>>> 9 Freebournes Court | Newland Street | Witham | Essex | CM8 2BL | United Kingdom
>>>>
>>>> ________________________________
>>>>
>>>> Copyright: This e-mail may contain confidential or legally privileged information. If you are not the named
addresseeyou must not use or disclose such information, instead please report
ittoadmin@minerva.info<mailto:admin@minerva.info>
>>>> Legal: Minerva Analytics is the trading name of: Minerva Analytics Ltd: Registered in England Number 11260966 &
TheManifest Voting Agency Ltd: Registered in England Number 2920820 Registered Office at above address. Please Click
Herehttps://www.manifest.co.uk/legal/ for further information.
 
>>> --
>>> Angular momentum makes the world go 'round.
>> Telephone: Witham: +44(0)1376 503500 | London: +44 (0)20 3009 0853 | Frankfurt: +49 (0)69 7191 6000 | Hong Kong:
+8525803 1687 | Toronto: +1 647 503 2848
 
>> Web:https://www.manifest.co.uk/
>>
>>
>>
>> Minerva Analytics Ltd - A Solactive Company
>> 9 Freebournes Court | Newland Street | Witham | Essex | CM8 2BL | United Kingdom
>>
>> ________________________________
>>
>> Copyright: This e-mail may contain confidential or legally privileged information. If you are not the named
addresseeyou must not use or disclose such information, instead please report it
toadmin@minerva.info<mailto:admin@minerva.info>
>> Legal: Minerva Analytics is the trading name of: Minerva Analytics Ltd: Registered in England Number 11260966 & The
ManifestVoting Agency Ltd: Registered in England Number 2920820 Registered Office at above address. Please Click
Herehttps://www.manifest.co.uk/legal/ for further information.
 
> 
> -- 
> Angular momentum makes the world go 'round.