Re: Important lag in replication streaming between master and standby

You can increase wal_keep_segments so that the master keeps more segments around for the standy to stream.  This has the risk that you still won't set it high enough and so might not actually solve the problem.

You can use a replication slot, which will force the master to keep the segments until the standby streams them.  This has the risk that the pg_wal can grow without bound (if the standby can't keep up, or if it goes offline), and the master will fill up its storage and crash (running out of storage on the pg_wal directory is not handled very gracefully).

You can set up a wal archive, and then set up the replica so it can fetch from that archive as a backstop to streaming.  As a bonus, WAL files usually compress very well, and if you compress them during archival you can save a lot of network bandwidth when the standby needs to retrieve them. 

 Cheers,

Jeff