variable question with postgresql

hi, all

I am using phpPgAdmin to create tables and fields, and how do I use SET variables to defind a title, eg. Mr. Miss. Mrs.

 

Another question, when I use the pg_connect("localhost","","","","dbname"); to connect to a the database, the server returns this message

 

Unable to connect to PostgreSQL server: connectDB() -- connect() failed: Connection refused Is the postmaster running (with -i) at 'localhost' and accepting connections on TCP/IP port '5432'?

 

and when I chage to pg_connect("","","","","dbname");

return this message

Unable to connect to PostgreSQL server: FATAL 1: SetUserId: user 'www-data' is not in 'pg_shadow'

 

can anyone please tell me why !? thank you very much

 

Jeff K.