Re: ERROR: wrong varnullingrels (b 3) (expected (b)) for Var 2/1

I just realized that we may still have holes in this area.  Until now
we're mainly focusing on LATERAL subquery, in which case the lateral
reference Vars are copied into rel->subplan_params and we've already
adjusted the nulling bitmaps there.  But what about the lateral
reference Vars in other cases?

In extract_lateral_references() we consider 5 cases,

    /* Fetch the appropriate variables */
    if (rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION)
        vars = pull_vars_of_level((Node *) rte->tablesample, 0);
    else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY)
        vars = pull_vars_of_level((Node *) rte->subquery, 1);
    else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_FUNCTION)
        vars = pull_vars_of_level((Node *) rte->functions, 0);
    else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_TABLEFUNC)
        vars = pull_vars_of_level((Node *) rte->tablefunc, 0);
    else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_VALUES)
        vars = pull_vars_of_level((Node *) rte->values_lists, 0);
    else
    {
        Assert(false);
        return;                 /* keep compiler quiet */
    }

We've handled the second case, i.e., RTE_SUBQUERY.  It's not hard to
compose a query for each of the other 4 cases that shows that we need to
adjust the nulling bitmaps for them too.

1. RTE_RELATION with tablesample

explain (costs off)
select * from int8_tbl t1
    left join int8_tbl t2 on true
    left join lateral
      (select * from int8_tbl t3 TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM (t2.q1)) s
      on t2.q1 = 1;
ERROR:  wrong varnullingrels (b 3) (expected (b)) for Var 2/1

2. RTE_FUNCTION

explain (costs off)
select * from int8_tbl t1
    left join int8_tbl t2 on true
    left join lateral
      (select * from generate_series(t2.q1, 100)) s
      on t2.q1 = 1;
ERROR:  wrong varnullingrels (b 3) (expected (b)) for Var 2/1

3. RTE_TABLEFUNC

explain (costs off)
select * from xmltest2 t1
    left join xmltest2 t2 on true
    left join lateral
      xmltable('/d/r' PASSING t2.x COLUMNS a int)
    on t2._path = 'a';
ERROR:  wrong varnullingrels (b 3) (expected (b)) for Var 2/1

4. RTE_VALUES

explain (costs off)
select * from int8_tbl t1
    left join int8_tbl t2 on true
    left join lateral
      (select q1 from (values(t2.q1), (t2.q1)) v(q1)) s
      on t2.q1 = 1;
ERROR:  wrong varnullingrels (b 3) (expected (b)) for Var 2/1

So it seems that we need to do nullingrel adjustments in a more common
place.

Also, there might be lateral references in the tlist, so the query below
is supposed to also encounter the 'wrong varnullingrels' error.

explain (costs off)
select * from int8_tbl t1
    left join int8_tbl t2 on true
    left join lateral
      (select t2.q1 from int8_tbl t3) s
      on t2.q1 = 1;
server closed the connection unexpectedly

But as we can see, it triggers the Assert in try_nestloop_path.

/* If we got past that, we shouldn't have any unsafe outer-join refs */
Assert(!have_unsafe_outer_join_ref(root, outerrelids, inner_paramrels));

I think it exposes a new issue.  It seems that we extract a problematic
lateral_relids from lateral references within PlaceHolderVars in
create_lateral_join_info.  I doubt that we should use ph_lateral
directly.  It seems more reasonable to me that we strip outer-join
relids from ph_lateral and then use that for lateral_relids.

Any thoughts?

Thanks
Richard