I wrote a script and test on branch REL_[10-16]_STABLE, and do see performance drop in REL_13_STABLE, which is about 1~2%.
scale round 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 1 7922.2 8018.3 8102.8 7838.3 7829.2 7870.0 7846.1
2 7922.4 7923.5 8090.3 7887.7 7912.4 7815.2 7865.6
3 7937.6 7964.9 8012.8 7918.5 7879.4 7786.4 7981.1
4 8000.4 7959.5 8141.1 7886.3 7840.9 7863.5 8022.4
5 7921.8 7945.5 8005.2 7993.7 7957.0 7803.8 7899.8
6 7893.8 7895.1 8017.2 7879.8 7880.9 7911.4 7909.2
7 7879.3 7853.5 8071.7 7956.2 7876.7 7863.3 7986.3
8 7980.5 7964.1 8119.2 8015.2 7877.6 7784.9 7923.6
9 8083.9 7946.4 7960.3 7913.9 7924.6 7867.7 7928.6
10 7971.2 7991.8 7999.5 7812.4 7824.3 7831.0 7953.4
AVG 7951.3 7946.3 8052.0 7910.2 7880.3 7839.7 7931.6
MED 7930.0 7952.9 8044.5 7900.8 7878.5 7847.1 7926.1
10 1 41221.5 41394.8 40926.8 40566.6 41661.3 40511.9 40961.8
2 40974.0 40697.9 40842.4 40269.2 41127.7 40795.5 40814.9
3 41453.5 41426.4 41066.2 40890.9 41018.6 40897.3 40891.7
4 41691.9 40294.9 41189.8 40873.8 41539.7 40943.2 40643.8
5 40843.4 40855.5 41243.8 40351.3 40863.2 40839.6 40795.5
6 40969.3 40897.9 41380.8 40734.7 41269.3 41301.0 41061.0
7 40981.1 41119.5 41158.0 40834.6 40967.1 40790.6 41061.6
8 41006.4 41205.9 40740.3 40978.7 40742.4 40951.6 41242.1
9 41089.9 41129.7 40648.3 40622.1 40782.0 40460.5 40877.9
10 41280.3 41462.7 41316.4 40728.0 40983.9 40747.0 40964.6
AVG 41151.1 41048.5 41051.3 40685.0 41095.5 40823.8 40931.5
MED 41048.2 41124.6 41112.1 40731.3 41001.3 40817.6 40926.7
100 1 43429.0 43190.2 44099.3 43941.5 43883.3 44215.0 44604.9
2 43281.7 43795.2 44963.6 44331.5 43559.7 43571.5 43403.9
3 43749.0 43614.1 44616.7 43759.5 43617.8 43530.3 43362.4
4 43362.0 43197.3 44296.7 43692.4 42020.5 43607.3 43081.8
5 43373.4 43288.0 44240.9 43795.0 43630.6 43576.7 43512.0
6 43637.0 43385.2 45130.1 43792.5 43635.4 43905.2 43371.2
7 43621.2 43474.2 43735.0 43592.2 43889.7 43947.7 43369.8
8 43351.0 43937.5 44285.6 43877.2 43771.1 43879.1 43680.4
9 43481.3 43700.5 44119.9 43786.9 43440.8 44083.1 43563.2
10 43238.7 43559.5 44310.8 43406.0 44306.6 43376.3 43242.7
AVG 43452.4 43514.2 44379.9 43797.5 43575.6 43769.2 43519.2
MED 43401.2 43516.8 44291.2 43789.7 43633.0 43743.2 43387.5
The script looks like:
initdb data >/dev/null 2>&1 #initdb on every round
pg_ctl -D data -l logfile start >/dev/null 2>&1 #start without changing any setting
pgbench -i postgres $scale >/dev/null 2>&1
sleep 1 >/dev/null 2>&1
pgbench -c20 -T10 -j8
And here is the pg_config output:
...
CONFIGURE = '--enable-debug' '--prefix=/home/postgres/base' '--enable-depend' 'PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib64/pkgconfig::/usr/lib/pkgconfig'
CC = gcc
CPPFLAGS = -D_GNU_SOURCE
CFLAGS = -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wcast-function-type -Wshadow=compatible-local -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -Wno-format-truncation -Wno-stringop-truncation -g -O2
CFLAGS_SL = -fPIC
LDFLAGS = -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath,'/home/postgres/base/lib',--enable-new-dtags
LDFLAGS_EX =
LDFLAGS_SL =
LIBS = -lpgcommon -lpgport -lz -lreadline -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lm
VERSION = PostgreSQL 16.0
—-
Yuhang Qiu