(PG14.10, restoring a pg_dump created from a PG 9.6.24 instance. Restores take about 10 hours, so testing must be more thoughtful than see-what-works.)
This 9 year old blog post from Josh Berkus recommends setting shared_buffers to 1/2 its normal value.
https://www.databasesoup.com/2014/09/settings-for-fast-pgrestore.html
My normal shared_buffers setting is 32GB (on a 132GB VM), so dropped it down to 16GB (with 1GB mainteance_work_mem). Swap usage is still slowly creeping up during the COPY phase, while using --jobs=24.
I'm wondering if 16GB is still too high, since the threads don't share anything. (Or do they???)
Any benefit in dropping shared_buffers as low as 4GB?