Обсуждение: Meta integrity
I'm working on a project based on an unusual data model. Some entities aren't represented by separate tables, they're grouped in the same table just like the following simplified model shows: CREATE TABLE class ( id CHAR(8) NOT NULL, name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) ); INSERT INTO class VALUES ('X', 'Class x') ; INSERT INTO class VALUES ('Y', 'Class y') ; CREATE TABLE object ( id INTEGER NOT NULL, class_id CHAR(8) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id), FOREIGNKEY (class_id) REFERENCES class (id) ); INSERT INTO object VALUES (1, 'X') ; INSERT INTO object VALUES (2, 'Y') ; INSERT INTO object VALUES (3, 'X') ; Now suppose we need to store in a separate table attributes from objects from the specific class 'X'. Defining this table with... CREATE TABLE specific_attribute ( id INTEGER NOT NULL, value TEXT NOT NULL, object_id INTEGERNOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id), FOREIGN KEY (object_id) REFERENCES object (id) ); ...will only guarantee that each attribute points to an existent object but it will not care about the object's class. Question is: how could I also enforce this kind of "meta integrity"? The following table definition came to my mind, but its an illegal construction: CREATE TABLE specific_attribute ( id INTEGER NOT NULL, value TEXT NOT NULL, object_id INTEGERNOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id), FOREIGN KEY (object_id, 'X') REFERENCES object (id, class_id) ); Thanks in advance, -- Renato Sao Paulo - SP - Brasil rdg@viafractal.com.br
Renato, > ...will only guarantee that each attribute points to an existent > object > but it will not care about the object's class. Question is: how could > I > also enforce this kind of "meta integrity"? The following table > definition came to my mind, but its an illegal construction: > > CREATE TABLE specific_attribute ( > id INTEGER NOT NULL, > value TEXT NOT NULL, > object_id INTEGER NOT NULL, > PRIMARY KEY (id), > FOREIGN KEY (object_id, 'X') REFERENCES object (id, class_id) > ); This is a fairly common problem that has no solution using REFERENCES, either in Postgres or in SQL 99. You basically have two choices: 1. The rigorous -- write your own Triggers and Constraints to enforce this kind of integrity, including INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE triggers on the various tables. Between postgresql.org and Roberto Mello's sight, there's quite a bit of material on triggers. 2. The simple -- write functions to perform inserts, updates and deletes on these tables. Put the relation into those functions, and make users use those functions instead of direct SQL command access. I took the second approach to solve a similar problem, because I had quite a number of other business rules I needed to apply, and adding the special relationship rule was only one more. -Josh ______AGLIO DATABASE SOLUTIONS___________________________ Josh Berkus Complete information technology josh@agliodbs.com and data management solutions (415) 565-7293 for law firms, small businesses fax 621-2533 and non-profit organizations. San Francisco
Вложения
On Wed, 25 Jul 2001, Renato De Giovanni wrote: > I'm working on a project based on an unusual data model. Some entities > aren't represented by separate tables, they're grouped in the same table > just like the following simplified model shows: > > CREATE TABLE class ( > id CHAR(8) NOT NULL, > name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, > PRIMARY KEY (id) > ); > > INSERT INTO class VALUES ('X', 'Class x') ; > INSERT INTO class VALUES ('Y', 'Class y') ; > > CREATE TABLE object ( > id INTEGER NOT NULL, > class_id CHAR(8) NOT NULL, > PRIMARY KEY (id), > FOREIGN KEY (class_id) REFERENCES class (id) > ); > > INSERT INTO object VALUES (1, 'X') ; > INSERT INTO object VALUES (2, 'Y') ; > INSERT INTO object VALUES (3, 'X') ; > > Now suppose we need to store in a separate table attributes from objects > from the specific class 'X'. Defining this table with... > > CREATE TABLE specific_attribute ( > id INTEGER NOT NULL, > value TEXT NOT NULL, > object_id INTEGER NOT NULL, > PRIMARY KEY (id), > FOREIGN KEY (object_id) REFERENCES object (id) > ); > > ...will only guarantee that each attribute points to an existent object > but it will not care about the object's class. Question is: how could I > also enforce this kind of "meta integrity"? The following table > definition came to my mind, but its an illegal construction: > > CREATE TABLE specific_attribute ( > id INTEGER NOT NULL, > value TEXT NOT NULL, > object_id INTEGER NOT NULL, > PRIMARY KEY (id), > FOREIGN KEY (object_id, 'X') REFERENCES object (id, class_id) > ); Well, if you don't mind the extra space (and a bit of cheating), this might work (untested): add an attribute to specific_attribute class_id default 'X' and a check constraint to prevent it from ever being something else and a unique constraint on (id,class_id) to object (meaningless since id is already unique, but necessary for following the letter of the spec), and then do a foreign key (object_id, class_id) references object(id, class_id) in specific_attribute.
Yes, its not a task for _relation_ dbms. I am database developer, I like rdbms, but now I think that I should start to use LDAP for these kind of tasks. What people can say? Jul 25, 08:22 -0700, Josh Berkus wrote: > Renato, > > > ...will only guarantee that each attribute points to an existent > > object > > but it will not care about the object's class. Question is: how could > > I > > also enforce this kind of "meta integrity"? The following table > > definition came to my mind, but its an illegal construction: > > > > CREATE TABLE specific_attribute ( > > id INTEGER NOT NULL, > > value TEXT NOT NULL, > > object_id INTEGER NOT NULL, > > PRIMARY KEY (id), > > FOREIGN KEY (object_id, 'X') REFERENCES object (id, class_id) > > ); > > This is a fairly common problem that has no solution using REFERENCES, > either in Postgres or in SQL 99. You basically have two choices: > > 1. The rigorous -- write your own Triggers and Constraints to enforce > this kind of integrity, including INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE triggers on > the various tables. Between postgresql.org and Roberto Mello's sight, > there's quite a bit of material on triggers. > > 2. The simple -- write functions to perform inserts, updates and deletes > on these tables. Put the relation into those functions, and make users > use those functions instead of direct SQL command access. > > I took the second approach to solve a similar problem, because I had > quite a number of other business rules I needed to apply, and adding the > special relationship rule was only one more. > > -Josh > > > > ______AGLIO DATABASE SOLUTIONS___________________________ > Josh Berkus > Complete information technology josh@agliodbs.com > and data management solutions (415) 565-7293 > for law firms, small businesses fax 621-2533 > and non-profit organizations. San Francisco > my best regards, ---------------- Grigoriy G. Vovk
Renato De Giovanni <rdg@viafractal.com.br> writes: > FOREIGN KEY (object_id, 'X') REFERENCES object (id, class_id) Why not just store the class_id in the secondary table (if you're concerned about space, consider using an int4 to represent class_id). Then you can do a direct two-column foreign key constraint, plus add a check constraint like CHECK(class_id = 'X'). regards, tom lane