Обсуждение: Partitions and the optimizer.
Optimizer doesn't behave well when the tables are partitioned. Here is
the problem:
news=# explain
select max("document#") from moreover_documents_y2010m08;
QUERY
PLAN
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Result (cost=0.15..0.16 rows=1 width=0)
InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
-> Limit (cost=0.00..0.15 rows=1 width=8)
-> Index Scan Backward using pk_moreover_documents_y2010m08
on moreover_documents_y2010m08 (cost=0.00..2169871.61 rows=14615132
width=8)
Filter: ("document#" IS NOT NULL)
(5 rows)
Time: 31.191 ms
news=# explain
select max("document#") from moreover_documents;
QUERY
PLAN
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aggregate (cost=4227019.40..4227019.41 rows=1 width=8)
-> Append (cost=0.00..4145103.32 rows=32766432 width=8)
-> Seq Scan on moreover_documents (cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20
width=8)
-> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m06 moreover_documents
(cost=0.00..236523.53 rows=1856853 width=8)
-> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m07 moreover_documents
(cost=0.00..2073778.27 rows=16294327 width=8)
-> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m08 moreover_documents
(cost=0.00..1834740.32 rows=14615132 width=8)
-> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m09 moreover_documents
(cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20 width=8)
-> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m10 moreover_documents
(cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20 width=8)
-> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m11 moreover_documents
(cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20 width=8)
-> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m12 moreover_documents
(cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20 width=8)
-> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2011m01 moreover_documents
(cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20 width=8)
(11 rows)
Time: 31.961 ms
news=#
I have several partitions for the table, 3 of them are loaded. When I
search for the maximum value of the primary key column on a single
partition, the access path is as it should be, using the PK index. Each
of the partitions has the same PK. When I try selecting the maximum on
the entire table, the indexes on the partitions are not used, Postgres
does the full scan instead. The difference in timing is drastic:
news=# select max("document#") from moreover_documents_y2010m08;
max
------------
1175107508
(1 row)
Time: 56.778 ms
news=# select max("document#") from moreover_documents;
max
------------
1175107508
(1 row)
Time: 200490.228 ms
news=#
--
Mladen Gogala
Sr. Oracle DBA
1500 Broadway
New York, NY 10036
(212) 329-5251
http://www.vmsinfo.com
The Leader in Integrated Media Intelligence Solutions
Hello,
> Optimizer doesn't behave well when the tables are partitioned. Here is
> the problem:
>
> news=# explain
> select max("document#") from moreover_documents_y2010m08;
>
> QUERY
> PLAN
>
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Result (cost=0.15..0.16 rows=1 width=0)
> InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
> -> Limit (cost=0.00..0.15 rows=1 width=8)
> -> Index Scan Backward using pk_moreover_documents_y2010m08
> on moreover_documents_y2010m08 (cost=0.00..2169871.61 rows=14615132
> width=8)
> Filter: ("document#" IS NOT NULL)
> (5 rows)
>
> Time: 31.191 ms
> news=# explain
> select max("document#") from moreover_documents;
> QUERY
> PLAN
>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Aggregate (cost=4227019.40..4227019.41 rows=1 width=8)
> -> Append (cost=0.00..4145103.32 rows=32766432 width=8)
> -> Seq Scan on moreover_documents (cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20
> width=8)
> -> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m06 moreover_documents
> (cost=0.00..236523.53 rows=1856853 width=8)
> -> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m07 moreover_documents
> (cost=0.00..2073778.27 rows=16294327 width=8)
> -> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m08 moreover_documents
> (cost=0.00..1834740.32 rows=14615132 width=8)
> -> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m09 moreover_documents
> (cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20 width=8)
> -> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m10 moreover_documents
> (cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20 width=8)
> -> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m11 moreover_documents
> (cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20 width=8)
> -> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2010m12 moreover_documents
> (cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20 width=8)
> -> Seq Scan on moreover_documents_y2011m01 moreover_documents
> (cost=0.00..10.20 rows=20 width=8)
> (11 rows)
>
> Time: 31.961 ms
> news=#
>
> I have several partitions for the table, 3 of them are loaded. When I
> search for the maximum value of the primary key column on a single
> partition, the access path is as it should be, using the PK index. Each
> of the partitions has the same PK. When I try selecting the maximum on
> the entire table, the indexes on the partitions are not used, Postgres
> does the full scan instead. The difference in timing is drastic:
> news=# select max("document#") from moreover_documents_y2010m08;
> max
> ------------
> 1175107508
> (1 row)
>
> Time: 56.778 ms
> news=# select max("document#") from moreover_documents;
> max
> ------------
> 1175107508
> (1 row)
>
> Time: 200490.228 ms
> news=#
>
> --
I am a PostgreSQL novice myself. So please try my suggestions only if you
have enough time to experiment.
If you try
select max("document#") from (
select "document#" from moreover_documents_y2010m08
union
select "document#" from moreover_documents_xxx
)
would that improve performance?
Regards,
Jayadevan
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Jayadevan M wrote:
>
> I am a PostgreSQL novice myself. So please try my suggestions only if you
> have enough time to experiment.
>
Good ideas can come from anybody. Being a novice is legal in almost all
states. Not sure about AZ, though.
> If you try
> select max("document#") from (
> select "document#" from moreover_documents_y2010m08
> union
> select "document#" from moreover_documents_xxx
> )
> would that improve performance?
>
> Regards,
> Jayadevan
>
Yes, this does improve performance:
news=> explain
select max(doc) from (
select max("document#") as doc from moreover_documents_y2010m08
union all
select max("document#") as doc from moreover_documents_y2010m07) as dc;
QUER
Y
PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--
Aggregate (cost=0.34..0.35 rows=1 width=8)
-> Append (cost=0.15..0.34 rows=2 width=8)
-> Result (cost=0.15..0.16 rows=1 width=0)
InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
-> Limit (cost=0.00..0.15 rows=1 width=8)
-> Index Scan Backward using
pk_moreover_documents_y2010
m08 on moreover_documents_y2010m08 (cost=0.00..2169871.61 rows=14615132
width=8
)
Filter: ("document#" IS NOT NULL)
-> Result (cost=0.15..0.16 rows=1 width=0)
InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
-> Limit (cost=0.00..0.15 rows=1 width=8)
-> Index Scan Backward using
pk_moreover_documents_y2010
m07 on moreover_documents_y2010m07 (cost=0.00..2419975.91 rows=16294327
width=8
)
Filter: ("document#" IS NOT NULL)
(12 rows)
The point of my post is that the optimizer should be doing that, not me.
I recently saw a presentation about the Postgres optimizer which begun
with: "don't assume that you're smarter than the optimizer". Well, I
apparently an smarter than the optimizer and I am not even particularly
smart.
--
Mladen Gogala
Sr. Oracle DBA
1500 Broadway
New York, NY 10036
(212) 329-5251
www.vmsinfo.com