Обсуждение: Physical column size

Am Freitag, 3. März 2006 11:03 schrieb Paul Mackay:
> I've created a table like this :
> CREATE TABLE tmp_A (
> c "char",
> i int4
> );
>
> And another one
> CREATE TABLE tmp_B (
> i int4,
> ii int4
> );

> The end result is that the physical size on disk used by table tmp_A is
> exactly the same as table tmp_B (as revealed by the pg_relation_size
> function) !

An int4 field is required to be aligned at a 4-byte boundary internally, so
there are 3 bytes wasted between tmp_A.c and tmp_A.i.  If you switch the
order of the fields you should see space savings.  (Note, however, that the
per-row overhead is about 32 bytes, so you'll probably only save about 10%
overall, rather than the 37.5% that one might expect.)

--
Peter Eisentraut
http://developer.postgresql.org/~petere/

On Fri, Mar 03, 2006 at 11:03:24AM +0100, Paul Mackay wrote:
> The end result is that the physical size on disk used by table tmp_A is
> exactly the same as table tmp_B (as revealed by the pg_relation_size
> function) ! Given that a "char" field is supposed to be 1 byte in size and a
> int4 4 bytes, shouldn't the tmp_A use a smaller disk space ? Or is it that
> any value, whatever the type, requires at least 4 bytes to be stored ?

Alignment. An int4 value must start on a multiple of 4 offset, so you
get three bytes of padding. If you put the int4, then the char it
should work better. Although whole rows have alignment requirements
too...

Have a nice day,
--
Martijn van Oosterhout   <kleptog@svana.org>   http://svana.org/kleptog/
> Patent. n. Genius is 5% inspiration and 95% perspiration. A patent is a
> tool for doing 5% of the work and then sitting around waiting for someone
> else to do the other 95% so you can sue them.

On fös, 2006-03-03 at 11:03 +0100, Paul Mackay wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I've created a table like this :
> CREATE TABLE tmp_A (
> c "char",
> i int4
> );
>
> And another one
> CREATE TABLE tmp_B (
> i int4,
> ii int4
> );
>
> I then inserted a bit more than 19 million rows in each table (exactly
> the same number of rows in each).
>
> The end result is that the physical size on disk used by table tmp_A
> is exactly the same as table tmp_B (as revealed by the
> pg_relation_size function) ! Given that a "char" field is supposed to
> be 1 byte in size and a int4 4 bytes, shouldn't the tmp_A use a
> smaller disk space ? Or is it that any value, whatever the type,
> requires at least 4 bytes to be stored ?

the int4 needs to be aligned at 4 bytes boundaries,
making wasted space after the char.

this would probably be the same size:

CREATE TABLE tmp_C (
 c "char",
 cc "char",
 i int4
);

and this would be smaller:

CREATE TABLE tmp_D (
 c "char",
 cc "char",
 ccc "char",
);

P.S.: I did not actually check to
see if the "char" type needs to be aligned,
by I assumed not.

Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net> writes:
> An int4 field is required to be aligned at a 4-byte boundary internally, so
> there are 3 bytes wasted between tmp_A.c and tmp_A.i.  If you switch the
> order of the fields you should see space savings.

Probably not, because the row-as-a-whole has alignment requirements too.
In this example you'll just move the pad bytes from one place to
another.

            regards, tom lane