Chinese translations not applied correctly on PostgreSQL 18 Windows

Hi there,

Here I'd like to report an issue encountered during my use of PG18.

Description:

Chinese translations exist in the .mo file but are not being used at runtime for error messages on PostgreSQL 18 Windows.

Environment:

- PostgreSQL version: 18.0

- OS: Windows 10 x64 (Build 17763)

- Installation: EnterpriseDB installer (postgresql-18.0-1-windows-x64.exe)

- Locale: zh_CN (Chinese Simplified)

- Database encoding: UTF8

Steps to reproduce:

1. Install PostgreSQL 18 on Windows

2. Set environment: LANG=zh_CN, chcp 936

3. Run psql and execute: INSERT INTO tb (c) VALUES ('a\O\0');

Expected output (based on .mo file translations):

错误: 无效的 "UTF8" 编码的字节顺序: 0x00

Actual output:

WARNING: nonstandard use of escape in a string literal

第1行INSERT INTO tb (c) VALUES ('a\O\0');

 ^

提示: Use the escape string syntax for escapes, e.g., E'\r\n'.

ERROR: invalid byte sequence for encoding "UTF8": 0x00

Observations:

- Some parts ARE translated: "第1行" (line 1), "提示" (HINT)

- Main messages are NOT translated: "WARNING", "ERROR", error text

- The .mo file at C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\18\share\locale\zh_CN\LC_MESSAGES\postgres-18.mo contains 5214 translations including:

  - "ERROR" → "错误"

  - "WARNING" → "警告"

  - "nonstandard use of escape in a string literal" → "字符串常量中以非标准的方法使用转义字符"

  - "invalid byte sequence for encoding \"%s\": %s" → "无效的 \"%s\" 编码的字节顺序: %s"

Translation file verified:

The translations exist in the .mo file but are not being applied at runtime.

Possible cause:

This appears to be a bug in PostgreSQL 18's gettext internationalization on Windows, where some message types are not being correctly localized.

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Please let me know if you need any additional information.

Thanks and Best Regards!

Elodie Fu