Re: Postgres stucks in deadlock detection

On 14.04.2018 10:09, Юрий Соколов wrote:

пт, 13 апр. 2018 г., 21:10 Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>:

Hi,

On 2018-04-13 19:13:07 +0300, Konstantin Knizhnik wrote:
> On 13.04.2018 18:41, Andres Freund wrote:
> > On 2018-04-13 16:43:09 +0300, Konstantin Knizhnik wrote:
> > > Updated patch is attached.
> > > + /*
> > > +  * Ensure that only one backend is checking for deadlock.
> > > +  * Otherwise under high load cascade of deadlock timeout expirations can cause stuck of Postgres.
> > > +  */
> > > + if (!pg_atomic_test_set_flag(&ProcGlobal->activeDeadlockCheck))
> > > + {
> > > +         enable_timeout_after(DEADLOCK_TIMEOUT, DeadlockTimeout);
> > > +         return;
> > > + }
> > > + inside_deadlock_check = true;
> > I can't see that ever being accepted.  This means there's absolutely no
> > bound for deadlock checks happening even under light concurrency, even
> > if there's no contention for a large fraction of the time.
>
> It may cause problems only if
> 1. There is large number of active sessions
> 2. They perform deadlock-prone queries (so no attempts to avoid deadlocks at
> application level)
> 3. Deadlock timeout is set to be very small (10 msec?)

That's just not true.


> Otherwise either probability that all backends  once and once again are
> trying to check deadlocks concurrently is very small (and can be even more
> reduced by using random timeout for subsequent deadlock checks), either
> system can not normally function in any case because large number of clients
> fall into deadlock.

Operating systems batch wakeups.


> I completely agree that there are plenty of different approaches, but IMHO
> the currently used strategy is the worst one, because it can stall system
> even if there are not deadlocks at all.


> I always think that deadlock is a programmer's error rather than normal
> situation. May be it is wrong assumption

It is.


> So before implementing some complicated solution of the problem9too slow
> deadlock detection), I think that first it is necessary to understand
> whether there is such problem at al and under which workload it can happen.

Sure. I'm not saying that you shouldn't experiment with a patch like the
one you sent. What I am saying is that that can't be the actual solution
that will be integrated.

What about my version? 

at https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/bac42052debbd66e8d5f786d8abe8db1@postgrespro.ru

It still performs deadlock detection every time, but it tries to detect it with shared lock first,

and only if there is probability of real deadlock, it rechecks with exclusive lock. 

Although even shared lock leads to some stalleness for active transactions, but in the catastrophic situation, where many backends to check for inexisting deadlock at the same time, it greately reduce pause.

Unfortunately your patch doesn't help with inserts.
In most cases Postgres obtains exclusive partition locks: any lock/unlock operation requires exclusive lock.
Shared locks of all partitions are used for collecting some information or to perform recovery.

Below results of three different versions:

1. Vanilla Postgres:

[kk@hp06 knizhnik]$ pgbench -n -c 1000 -j 36 -T 100 -P 1 -f test.sql postgres
progress: 1.0 s, 227.9 tps, lat 109.560 ms stddev 189.328
progress: 2.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 3.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 4.0 s, 53.0 tps, lat 1145.417 ms stddev 1607.484
progress: 5.0 s, 19.0 tps, lat 236.807 ms stddev 819.307
progress: 6.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 7.0 s, 2.0 tps, lat 6649.944 ms stddev 9.691
progress: 8.0 s, 60.0 tps, lat 2343.313 ms stddev 3335.967
progress: 9.0 s, 89.0 tps, lat 1813.495 ms stddev 3337.904
progress: 10.0 s, 99.1 tps, lat 2093.653 ms stddev 3758.468
progress: 11.0 s, 94.9 tps, lat 2424.560 ms stddev 4258.622
progress: 12.0 s, 79.0 tps, lat 2037.880 ms stddev 4152.258
progress: 13.0 s, 30.0 tps, lat 80.697 ms stddev 24.854
progress: 14.0 s, 2.0 tps, lat 71.642 ms stddev 0.022
progress: 15.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 16.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 17.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 18.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 19.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 20.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 21.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 22.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 23.0 s, 3.0 tps, lat 22396.463 ms stddev 1.964
progress: 24.0 s, 1.0 tps, lat 23667.927 ms stddev 0.001
progress: 25.0 s, 25.0 tps, lat 8862.603 ms stddev 11545.517
progress: 26.0 s, 27.0 tps, lat 6738.338 ms stddev 10984.215
progress: 27.0 s, 40.0 tps, lat 6656.893 ms stddev 11236.042
progress: 28.0 s, 49.0 tps, lat 10124.108 ms stddev 13042.391
progress: 29.0 s, 20.0 tps, lat 8638.022 ms stddev 12916.653
progress: 30.0 s, 45.0 tps, lat 9805.039 ms stddev 13624.253
progress: 31.0 s, 30.0 tps, lat 7151.608 ms stddev 12628.340
progress: 32.0 s, 48.0 tps, lat 9838.776 ms stddev 14316.187
progress: 33.0 s, 44.0 tps, lat 7479.878 ms stddev 13394.234
progress: 34.0 s, 55.0 tps, lat 8530.081 ms stddev 14327.334
progress: 35.0 s, 57.0 tps, lat 12054.371 ms stddev 15630.142
progress: 36.0 s, 17.0 tps, lat 8620.003 ms stddev 14896.671
progress: 37.0 s, 39.0 tps, lat 8488.141 ms stddev 15129.849
progress: 38.0 s, 47.0 tps, lat 12140.015 ms stddev 16098.595
progress: 39.0 s, 63.9 tps, lat 9525.523 ms stddev 15603.099
progress: 40.0 s, 64.0 tps, lat 11248.021 ms stddev 16118.116
progress: 41.0 s, 30.0 tps, lat 12375.117 ms stddev 17397.134
progress: 42.0 s, 30.0 tps, lat 11092.475 ms stddev 17997.073
progress: 43.0 s, 51.0 tps, lat 11488.794 ms stddev 18135.660
progress: 44.0 s, 35.0 tps, lat 11243.333 ms stddev 18802.389
progress: 45.0 s, 56.1 tps, lat 9892.959 ms stddev 18010.395
progress: 46.0 s, 29.0 tps, lat 17224.308 ms stddev 20820.138
progress: 47.0 s, 52.0 tps, lat 13475.267 ms stddev 20866.198
progress: 48.0 s, 52.0 tps, lat 8386.839 ms stddev 17733.223
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progress: 51.0 s, 54.1 tps, lat 15433.057 ms stddev 21218.736
progress: 52.0 s, 39.0 tps, lat 18607.422 ms stddev 23413.561
progress: 53.0 s, 62.0 tps, lat 9898.151 ms stddev 18971.511
progress: 54.0 s, 34.0 tps, lat 9172.970 ms stddev 18655.790
progress: 55.0 s, 35.0 tps, lat 16339.829 ms stddev 24009.687
progress: 56.0 s, 49.0 tps, lat 11474.089 ms stddev 22152.509
progress: 57.0 s, 15.0 tps, lat 23273.790 ms stddev 23972.075
progress: 58.0 s, 45.0 tps, lat 17884.887 ms stddev 24246.962
progress: 59.0 s, 9.0 tps, lat 26061.653 ms stddev 28924.382
progress: 60.0 s, 34.0 tps, lat 17555.891 ms stddev 26873.251
progress: 61.0 s, 15.0 tps, lat 16637.255 ms stddev 22135.661
progress: 62.0 s, 20.0 tps, lat 21534.107 ms stddev 29106.973
progress: 63.0 s, 32.0 tps, lat 9828.245 ms stddev 22411.644
progress: 64.0 s, 61.1 tps, lat 17278.688 ms stddev 26523.489
progress: 65.0 s, 22.0 tps, lat 17707.084 ms stddev 28519.434
progress: 66.0 s, 29.0 tps, lat 14907.572 ms stddev 25857.086
progress: 67.0 s, 20.0 tps, lat 19984.031 ms stddev 30240.857
progress: 68.0 s, 37.0 tps, lat 13499.886 ms stddev 26002.883
progress: 69.0 s, 20.0 tps, lat 24032.741 ms stddev 32445.249
progress: 70.0 s, 38.0 tps, lat 23151.399 ms stddev 31408.612
progress: 71.0 s, 25.0 tps, lat 23165.598 ms stddev 32441.789
progress: 72.0 s, 40.0 tps, lat 10862.140 ms stddev 25275.667
progress: 73.0 s, 30.0 tps, lat 14560.809 ms stddev 28686.763
progress: 74.0 s, 14.0 tps, lat 26269.971 ms stddev 34970.753
progress: 75.0 s, 41.0 tps, lat 17504.487 ms stddev 30219.588
progress: 76.0 s, 49.0 tps, lat 15546.103 ms stddev 30200.665
progress: 77.0 s, 26.0 tps, lat 14385.324 ms stddev 26674.468
progress: 78.0 s, 42.0 tps, lat 22232.188 ms stddev 34742.547
progress: 79.0 s, 15.0 tps, lat 22361.853 ms stddev 33895.018
progress: 80.0 s, 45.0 tps, lat 17768.734 ms stddev 32813.238
progress: 81.0 s, 36.0 tps, lat 15820.789 ms stddev 31662.068
progress: 82.0 s, 31.0 tps, lat 16553.029 ms stddev 31800.897
progress: 83.0 s, 39.0 tps, lat 10799.064 ms stddev 27374.919
progress: 84.0 s, 28.0 tps, lat 27518.499 ms stddev 38362.262
progress: 85.0 s, 27.0 tps, lat 15802.221 ms stddev 32525.404
progress: 86.0 s, 40.0 tps, lat 20152.181 ms stddev 35171.042
progress: 87.0 s, 32.0 tps, lat 20598.004 ms stddev 34830.062
progress: 88.0 s, 30.0 tps, lat 14803.086 ms stddev 32350.232
progress: 89.0 s, 28.0 tps, lat 19647.986 ms stddev 35859.938
progress: 90.0 s, 40.0 tps, lat 18435.264 ms stddev 35364.559
progress: 91.0 s, 6.0 tps, lat 45248.291 ms stddev 45044.607
progress: 92.0 s, 32.0 tps, lat 29046.606 ms stddev 41959.102
progress: 93.0 s, 18.0 tps, lat 20746.328 ms stddev 38230.543
progress: 94.0 s, 49.0 tps, lat 21428.576 ms stddev 38599.069
progress: 95.0 s, 27.0 tps, lat 14428.229 ms stddev 33301.365
progress: 96.0 s, 38.0 tps, lat 18041.058 ms stddev 36628.789
progress: 97.0 s, 50.0 tps, lat 17589.414 ms stddev 36748.200
progress: 98.0 s, 47.0 tps, lat 16817.047 ms stddev 36381.922
progress: 99.0 s, 31.0 tps, lat 16137.795 ms stddev 35997.819
progress: 100.0 s, 32.0 tps, lat 21987.270 ms stddev 40859.388
progress: 101.0 s, 12.0 tps, lat 66793.331 ms stddev 47041.846
progress: 102.0 s, 161.0 tps, lat 84082.482 ms stddev 22621.806
progress: 103.0 s, 50.0 tps, lat 38104.113 ms stddev 21406.175
progress: 104.0 s, 40.0 tps, lat 37981.012 ms stddev 27412.163
progress: 105.0 s, 32.0 tps, lat 32448.045 ms stddev 27158.082
progress: 106.0 s, 39.0 tps, lat 25246.829 ms stddev 23138.786
progress: 107.0 s, 29.0 tps, lat 22691.016 ms stddev 23348.412
progress: 108.0 s, 32.0 tps, lat 20934.772 ms stddev 27771.861
progress: 109.0 s, 26.0 tps, lat 21292.394 ms stddev 31416.424
progress: 110.0 s, 24.0 tps, lat 99099.590 ms stddev 27154.536
transaction type: test.sql
scaling factor: 1
query mode: simple
number of clients: 1000
number of threads: 36
duration: 100 s
number of transactions actually processed: 4518
latency average = 23748.869 ms
latency stddev = 34606.615 ms
tps = 40.811158 (including connections establishing)
tps = 40.815387 (excluding connections establishing)

2. Yury's shared locks patch

[kk@hp06 knizhnik]$ pgbench -n -c 1000 -j 36 -T 100 -P 1 -f test.sql postgres
progress: 1.0 s, 161.9 tps, lat 58.956 ms stddev 65.879
progress: 2.0 s, 75.0 tps, lat 432.110 ms stddev 655.010
progress: 3.0 s, 111.0 tps, lat 312.127 ms stddev 669.351
progress: 4.0 s, 62.0 tps, lat 716.576 ms stddev 1262.699
progress: 5.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 6.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 7.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 8.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 9.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 10.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 11.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 12.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
progress: 13.0 s, 0.0 tps, lat 0.000 ms stddev 0.000
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progress: 20.0 s, 33.0 tps, lat 5910.665 ms stddev 8733.552
progress: 21.0 s, 20.0 tps, lat 4190.000 ms stddev 8012.222
progress: 22.0 s, 44.0 tps, lat 4452.898 ms stddev 8469.555
progress: 23.0 s, 17.0 tps, lat 7951.775 ms stddev 10550.763
progress: 24.0 s, 39.0 tps, lat 4894.502 ms stddev 9270.031
progress: 25.0 s, 48.0 tps, lat 4658.159 ms stddev 9365.012
progress: 26.0 s, 19.0 tps, lat 6740.618 ms stddev 11017.741
progress: 27.0 s, 34.0 tps, lat 6265.141 ms stddev 11004.369
progress: 28.0 s, 33.0 tps, lat 10034.798 ms stddev 13039.985
progress: 29.0 s, 24.0 tps, lat 13023.072 ms stddev 13941.556
progress: 30.0 s, 47.0 tps, lat 6365.943 ms stddev 11922.151
progress: 31.0 s, 31.0 tps, lat 5964.649 ms stddev 11769.435
progress: 32.0 s, 18.0 tps, lat 12246.518 ms stddev 15149.607
progress: 33.0 s, 32.0 tps, lat 5164.978 ms stddev 11534.913
progress: 34.0 s, 11.0 tps, lat 18304.152 ms stddev 16536.782
progress: 35.0 s, 44.0 tps, lat 9330.479 ms stddev 14948.877
progress: 36.0 s, 24.0 tps, lat 11817.116 ms stddev 16467.731
progress: 37.0 s, 41.0 tps, lat 16237.412 ms stddev 17303.912
progress: 38.0 s, 19.0 tps, lat 13821.626 ms stddev 17843.619
progress: 39.0 s, 46.0 tps, lat 6945.577 ms stddev 13146.942
progress: 40.0 s, 46.0 tps, lat 6160.800 ms stddev 13194.172
progress: 41.0 s, 8.0 tps, lat 15238.093 ms stddev 19417.694
progress: 42.0 s, 39.0 tps, lat 9974.308 ms stddev 17210.077
progress: 43.0 s, 15.0 tps, lat 14262.093 ms stddev 19735.918
progress: 44.0 s, 32.0 tps, lat 14679.202 ms stddev 18600.461
progress: 45.0 s, 17.0 tps, lat 2808.233 ms stddev 10258.923
progress: 46.0 s, 8.0 tps, lat 22812.538 ms stddev 22501.104
progress: 47.0 s, 27.0 tps, lat 10755.093 ms stddev 17452.703
progress: 48.0 s, 28.0 tps, lat 12695.089 ms stddev 20150.626
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progress: 97.0 s, 50.0 tps, lat 15520.320 ms stddev 35150.669
progress: 98.0 s, 16.0 tps, lat 35268.519 ms stddev 42629.424
progress: 99.0 s, 46.0 tps, lat 17419.726 ms stddev 34680.490
progress: 100.0 s, 32.0 tps, lat 30165.553 ms stddev 41068.048
progress: 101.0 s, 20.0 tps, lat 34004.361 ms stddev 44439.703
progress: 102.0 s, 9.0 tps, lat 94924.234 ms stddev 17750.440
progress: 103.0 s, 18.0 tps, lat 78665.820 ms stddev 34437.075
progress: 104.0 s, 7.0 tps, lat 95136.317 ms stddev 19960.028
progress: 105.0 s, 21.0 tps, lat 76378.853 ms stddev 39943.159
progress: 106.0 s, 10.0 tps, lat 99620.400 ms stddev 16800.308
progress: 107.0 s, 175.2 tps, lat 73492.433 ms stddev 39690.326
progress: 108.0 s, 75.0 tps, lat 25470.068 ms stddev 13140.013
progress: 109.0 s, 58.0 tps, lat 24925.175 ms stddev 21826.550
progress: 110.0 s, 41.0 tps, lat 26060.593 ms stddev 32335.285
progress: 111.0 s, 43.0 tps, lat 106188.963 ms stddev 14389.898
progress: 112.0 s, 35.0 tps, lat 104723.980 ms stddev 17978.512
progress: 113.0 s, 133.1 tps, lat 90808.576 ms stddev 32832.832
transaction type: test.sql
scaling factor: 1
query mode: simple
number of clients: 1000
number of threads: 36
duration: 100 s
number of transactions actually processed: 4656
latency average = 23572.699 ms
latency stddev = 35309.693 ms
tps = 41.151969 (including connections establishing)
tps = 41.156079 (excluding connections establishing)


3. My patch:

[kk@hp06 knizhnik]$ pgbench -n -c 1000 -j 36 -T 100 -P 1 -f test.sql postgres
progress: 1.0 s, 109.0 tps, lat 186.699 ms stddev 155.513
progress: 2.0 s, 185.0 tps, lat 858.366 ms stddev 435.616
progress: 3.0 s, 155.0 tps, lat 1454.427 ms stddev 955.026
progress: 4.0 s, 323.2 tps, lat 1844.037 ms stddev 1573.388
progress: 5.0 s, 182.0 tps, lat 2038.689 ms stddev 1959.624
progress: 6.0 s, 139.0 tps, lat 2063.075 ms stddev 2421.067
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progress: 9.0 s, 175.0 tps, lat 3268.453 ms stddev 3077.928
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progress: 11.0 s, 418.0 tps, lat 3638.447 ms stddev 3717.018
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progress: 33.0 s, 327.0 tps, lat 3753.528 ms stddev 3003.476
progress: 34.0 s, 288.0 tps, lat 3700.307 ms stddev 4360.617
progress: 35.0 s, 138.9 tps, lat 2793.501 ms stddev 2973.115
progress: 36.0 s, 199.1 tps, lat 3914.999 ms stddev 3620.217
progress: 37.0 s, 332.0 tps, lat 4438.935 ms stddev 3367.059
progress: 38.0 s, 273.0 tps, lat 3976.717 ms stddev 3605.981
progress: 39.0 s, 350.0 tps, lat 2564.301 ms stddev 3098.142
progress: 40.0 s, 198.0 tps, lat 3821.723 ms stddev 3720.681
progress: 41.0 s, 379.0 tps, lat 3540.596 ms stddev 3716.245
progress: 42.0 s, 337.0 tps, lat 3359.137 ms stddev 3432.100
progress: 43.0 s, 273.0 tps, lat 4083.521 ms stddev 3446.354
progress: 44.0 s, 267.0 tps, lat 3604.277 ms stddev 3931.611
progress: 45.0 s, 221.0 tps, lat 3187.834 ms stddev 3472.713
progress: 46.0 s, 257.0 tps, lat 4420.584 ms stddev 3269.787
progress: 47.0 s, 216.0 tps, lat 4784.282 ms stddev 4078.919
progress: 48.0 s, 340.0 tps, lat 2878.317 ms stddev 3159.234
progress: 49.0 s, 393.0 tps, lat 3296.432 ms stddev 3120.998
progress: 50.0 s, 384.0 tps, lat 3333.966 ms stddev 3632.887
progress: 51.0 s, 179.9 tps, lat 3357.831 ms stddev 3577.181
progress: 52.0 s, 193.1 tps, lat 2740.384 ms stddev 2853.463
progress: 53.0 s, 266.0 tps, lat 3338.786 ms stddev 3294.210
progress: 54.0 s, 198.0 tps, lat 4350.746 ms stddev 3632.925
progress: 55.0 s, 443.0 tps, lat 4533.887 ms stddev 3284.145
progress: 56.0 s, 209.0 tps, lat 2471.820 ms stddev 2872.507
progress: 57.0 s, 243.0 tps, lat 3657.152 ms stddev 3082.953
progress: 58.0 s, 204.0 tps, lat 3758.366 ms stddev 3981.754
progress: 59.0 s, 255.0 tps, lat 3641.082 ms stddev 4062.395
progress: 60.0 s, 331.0 tps, lat 3752.880 ms stddev 3732.255
progress: 61.0 s, 225.0 tps, lat 3390.763 ms stddev 2763.489
progress: 62.0 s, 298.0 tps, lat 4201.300 ms stddev 3632.733
progress: 63.0 s, 106.0 tps, lat 2692.495 ms stddev 3976.275
progress: 64.0 s, 118.0 tps, lat 3870.886 ms stddev 4552.055
progress: 65.0 s, 111.0 tps, lat 1877.879 ms stddev 2530.083
progress: 66.0 s, 114.0 tps, lat 4240.246 ms stddev 4699.575
progress: 67.0 s, 214.0 tps, lat 4742.589 ms stddev 4249.912
progress: 68.0 s, 279.0 tps, lat 5303.721 ms stddev 5630.854
progress: 69.0 s, 181.0 tps, lat 5367.429 ms stddev 5191.225
progress: 70.0 s, 223.0 tps, lat 5220.545 ms stddev 4810.474
progress: 71.0 s, 181.0 tps, lat 5094.250 ms stddev 4598.197
progress: 72.0 s, 191.0 tps, lat 4775.279 ms stddev 4638.785
progress: 73.0 s, 121.0 tps, lat 6151.599 ms stddev 6044.989
progress: 74.0 s, 352.0 tps, lat 5722.979 ms stddev 5637.691
progress: 75.0 s, 313.0 tps, lat 3681.700 ms stddev 4511.268
progress: 76.0 s, 293.9 tps, lat 6134.980 ms stddev 5633.180
progress: 77.0 s, 292.1 tps, lat 4964.182 ms stddev 5115.833
progress: 78.0 s, 247.0 tps, lat 2958.631 ms stddev 3396.316
progress: 79.0 s, 308.0 tps, lat 4295.905 ms stddev 5392.345
progress: 80.0 s, 260.0 tps, lat 5192.128 ms stddev 4042.820
progress: 81.0 s, 244.0 tps, lat 2378.675 ms stddev 2619.194
progress: 82.0 s, 261.0 tps, lat 3619.289 ms stddev 3678.498
progress: 83.0 s, 193.0 tps, lat 4519.653 ms stddev 4820.241
progress: 84.0 s, 313.0 tps, lat 3838.839 ms stddev 4010.695
progress: 85.0 s, 265.0 tps, lat 3470.704 ms stddev 3009.119
progress: 86.0 s, 169.0 tps, lat 3113.572 ms stddev 3338.449
progress: 87.0 s, 181.0 tps, lat 2722.756 ms stddev 3552.120
progress: 88.0 s, 192.0 tps, lat 4767.495 ms stddev 4794.403
progress: 89.0 s, 276.0 tps, lat 4417.211 ms stddev 4012.534
progress: 90.0 s, 249.0 tps, lat 4600.363 ms stddev 4613.885
progress: 91.0 s, 136.0 tps, lat 5292.106 ms stddev 3254.580
progress: 92.0 s, 335.0 tps, lat 3606.878 ms stddev 4238.592
progress: 93.0 s, 183.0 tps, lat 4802.608 ms stddev 4424.506
progress: 94.0 s, 208.0 tps, lat 4257.261 ms stddev 3882.918
progress: 95.0 s, 154.0 tps, lat 5939.258 ms stddev 4506.066
progress: 96.0 s, 245.0 tps, lat 4968.774 ms stddev 3695.050
progress: 97.0 s, 133.9 tps, lat 3991.399 ms stddev 4884.086
progress: 98.0 s, 309.1 tps, lat 4340.668 ms stddev 4231.593
progress: 99.0 s, 88.0 tps, lat 5672.978 ms stddev 4776.332
progress: 100.0 s, 221.0 tps, lat 3617.880 ms stddev 4441.404
progress: 101.0 s, 486.0 tps, lat 7574.035 ms stddev 4135.087
transaction type: test.sql
scaling factor: 1
query mode: simple
number of clients: 1000
number of threads: 36
duration: 100 s
number of transactions actually processed: 25206
latency average = 3990.599 ms
latency stddev = 3982.713 ms
tps = 248.988411 (including connections establishing)
tps = 249.015469 (excluding connections establishing)

As you can see performance and latency are ~6 times worser.  Please also notice periods of zero TPS in first two cases.

I found a way to speedup this parallel insert "benchmark" even more by remembering visited backends in deadlock check.
I added lastDeadlockCheck to PGPROC, assign it in indLockCycle:

+    for (i = 0; i < nVisitedProcs; i++)
+    {
+        visitedProcs[i]->lastDeadlockCheck = now;
+    }

and check it in CheckDeadLock:

+    /*
+     * Ensure that only one backend is checking for deadlock.
+     * Otherwise under high load cascade of deadlock timeout expirations can cause stuck of Postgres.
+     */
+    if (now - MyProc->lastDeadlockCheck < DeadlockTimeout*1000
+        || !pg_atomic_test_set_flag(&ProcGlobal->activeDeadlockCheck))
+    {
+        enable_timeout_after(DEADLOCK_TIMEOUT, DeadlockTimeout);
+        return;
+    }
+    inside_deadlock_check = true;

It cause increase of TPS about 3 times:

[kk@hp06 knizhnik]$ pgbench -n -c 1000 -j 36 -T 100 -P 1 -f test.sql postgres
progress: 1.0 s, 286.0 tps, lat 378.756 ms stddev 195.544
progress: 2.0 s, 766.0 tps, lat 912.145 ms stddev 544.009
progress: 3.0 s, 806.0 tps, lat 1100.353 ms stddev 748.493
progress: 4.0 s, 927.0 tps, lat 1106.383 ms stddev 928.074
progress: 5.0 s, 799.0 tps, lat 1313.658 ms stddev 971.700
progress: 6.0 s, 822.0 tps, lat 1203.190 ms stddev 856.231
progress: 7.0 s, 847.0 tps, lat 1207.930 ms stddev 867.520
progress: 8.0 s, 932.1 tps, lat 1135.854 ms stddev 831.402
progress: 9.0 s, 709.0 tps, lat 1250.656 ms stddev 865.320
progress: 10.0 s, 901.9 tps, lat 1282.045 ms stddev 870.923
progress: 11.0 s, 601.0 tps, lat 1225.138 ms stddev 890.028
progress: 12.0 s, 877.0 tps, lat 1221.587 ms stddev 935.510
progress: 13.0 s, 772.0 tps, lat 1268.676 ms stddev 965.900
progress: 14.0 s, 391.0 tps, lat 1243.487 ms stddev 1061.889
progress: 15.0 s, 638.1 tps, lat 1889.763 ms stddev 1172.063
progress: 16.0 s, 844.0 tps, lat 1485.988 ms stddev 1269.034
progress: 17.0 s, 844.0 tps, lat 1322.878 ms stddev 1091.370
progress: 18.0 s, 934.1 tps, lat 1260.384 ms stddev 879.003
progress: 19.0 s, 700.0 tps, lat 1102.111 ms stddev 831.983
progress: 20.0 s, 840.0 tps, lat 1233.982 ms stddev 934.540
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progress: 30.0 s, 527.0 tps, lat 1182.952 ms stddev 967.962
progress: 31.0 s, 909.1 tps, lat 1428.860 ms stddev 1093.289
progress: 32.0 s, 800.0 tps, lat 1229.267 ms stddev 990.799
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progress: 34.0 s, 918.0 tps, lat 1156.581 ms stddev 943.265
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progress: 80.0 s, 619.1 tps, lat 1692.362 ms stddev 1356.774
progress: 81.0 s, 767.0 tps, lat 1566.055 ms stddev 1359.950
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progress: 83.0 s, 770.1 tps, lat 1361.601 ms stddev 1171.117
progress: 84.0 s, 795.0 tps, lat 1247.346 ms stddev 1120.079
progress: 85.0 s, 734.0 tps, lat 1425.364 ms stddev 1019.483
progress: 86.0 s, 706.9 tps, lat 1205.157 ms stddev 1030.842
progress: 87.0 s, 655.1 tps, lat 1568.083 ms stddev 1067.113
progress: 88.0 s, 575.0 tps, lat 1432.001 ms stddev 1073.638
progress: 89.0 s, 815.0 tps, lat 1411.512 ms stddev 1207.479
progress: 90.0 s, 841.9 tps, lat 1241.370 ms stddev 1116.575
progress: 91.0 s, 742.1 tps, lat 1514.167 ms stddev 1139.773
progress: 92.0 s, 645.9 tps, lat 1215.367 ms stddev 1036.669
progress: 93.0 s, 635.1 tps, lat 1368.759 ms stddev 1057.553
progress: 94.0 s, 392.0 tps, lat 1534.512 ms stddev 1537.359
progress: 95.0 s, 834.0 tps, lat 1609.177 ms stddev 1317.916
progress: 96.0 s, 665.9 tps, lat 1465.995 ms stddev 1357.130
progress: 97.0 s, 865.1 tps, lat 1535.662 ms stddev 1361.381
progress: 98.0 s, 525.0 tps, lat 1460.181 ms stddev 1195.200
progress: 99.0 s, 549.0 tps, lat 1573.314 ms stddev 1263.313
progress: 100.0 s, 708.0 tps, lat 1624.565 ms stddev 1275.677
transaction type: test.sql
scaling factor: 1
query mode: simple
number of clients: 1000
number of threads: 36
duration: 100 s
number of transactions actually processed: 72366
latency average = 1383.774 ms
latency stddev = 1157.510 ms
tps = 719.335255 (including connections establishing)
tps = 719.415616 (excluding connections establishing)


And if we completely eliminate deadlock detection penalty (by setting deadlock_timeout to 100 seconds),
then performance is almost the same:

[kk@hp06 knizhnik]$ vim pgsql/postgresql.conf
[kk@hp06 knizhnik]$ rm -f logfile ; pg_ctl -D pgsql -l logfile restart
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
waiting for server to start.... done
server started
[kk@hp06 knizhnik]$ pgbench -n -c 1000 -j 36 -T 100 -P 1 -f test.sql postgres
progress: 1.0 s, 221.0 tps, lat 330.565 ms stddev 227.971
progress: 2.0 s, 689.0 tps, lat 910.581 ms stddev 523.957
progress: 3.0 s, 814.0 tps, lat 1275.584 ms stddev 840.832
progress: 4.0 s, 852.9 tps, lat 1248.029 ms stddev 961.648
progress: 5.0 s, 414.0 tps, lat 1659.273 ms stddev 922.593
progress: 6.0 s, 767.0 tps, lat 1501.320 ms stddev 1065.690
progress: 7.0 s, 833.9 tps, lat 1351.513 ms stddev 1064.518
progress: 8.0 s, 950.1 tps, lat 1111.468 ms stddev 865.477
progress: 9.0 s, 552.0 tps, lat 1453.967 ms stddev 859.895
progress: 10.0 s, 928.0 tps, lat 1298.292 ms stddev 980.558
progress: 11.0 s, 793.0 tps, lat 1032.620 ms stddev 946.944
progress: 12.0 s, 927.0 tps, lat 1231.162 ms stddev 970.198
progress: 13.0 s, 751.0 tps, lat 1182.206 ms stddev 909.727
progress: 14.0 s, 790.0 tps, lat 1406.509 ms stddev 883.296
progress: 15.0 s, 797.0 tps, lat 1179.952 ms stddev 870.870
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progress: 21.0 s, 802.0 tps, lat 1156.783 ms stddev 911.192
progress: 22.0 s, 742.0 tps, lat 1073.236 ms stddev 1000.682
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progress: 24.0 s, 631.0 tps, lat 1412.871 ms stddev 1154.117
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progress: 40.0 s, 734.0 tps, lat 1160.158 ms stddev 1116.309
progress: 41.0 s, 477.0 tps, lat 1616.755 ms stddev 1130.704
progress: 42.0 s, 563.0 tps, lat 1688.876 ms stddev 1340.686
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progress: 44.0 s, 908.9 tps, lat 1424.074 ms stddev 1256.952
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progress: 46.0 s, 588.0 tps, lat 1410.614 ms stddev 1231.046
progress: 47.0 s, 583.9 tps, lat 1427.524 ms stddev 1325.218
progress: 48.0 s, 499.1 tps, lat 2169.937 ms stddev 1605.538
progress: 49.0 s, 422.8 tps, lat 1466.671 ms stddev 1495.292
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progress: 84.0 s, 612.0 tps, lat 1836.341 ms stddev 1379.864
progress: 85.0 s, 835.0 tps, lat 1549.102 ms stddev 1332.389
progress: 86.0 s, 437.0 tps, lat 1382.066 ms stddev 1304.104
progress: 87.0 s, 756.0 tps, lat 1668.598 ms stddev 1256.808
progress: 88.0 s, 563.0 tps, lat 1619.388 ms stddev 1336.066
progress: 89.0 s, 633.0 tps, lat 1526.824 ms stddev 1257.665
progress: 90.0 s, 665.0 tps, lat 1562.750 ms stddev 1321.690
progress: 91.0 s, 860.0 tps, lat 1445.318 ms stddev 1280.446
progress: 92.0 s, 703.0 tps, lat 1507.119 ms stddev 1148.576
progress: 93.0 s, 809.0 tps, lat 1267.364 ms stddev 1028.977
progress: 94.0 s, 597.9 tps, lat 1296.165 ms stddev 1119.035
progress: 95.0 s, 673.8 tps, lat 1317.714 ms stddev 1132.078
progress: 96.0 s, 673.3 tps, lat 1461.346 ms stddev 1152.063
progress: 97.0 s, 749.0 tps, lat 1491.871 ms stddev 1272.290
progress: 98.0 s, 747.0 tps, lat 1450.976 ms stddev 1301.491
progress: 99.0 s, 582.9 tps, lat 1605.604 ms stddev 1150.761
progress: 100.0 s, 655.1 tps, lat 1527.173 ms stddev 1111.883
transaction type: test.sql
scaling factor: 1
query mode: simple
number of clients: 1000
number of threads: 36
duration: 100 s
number of transactions actually processed: 70576
latency average = 1416.917 ms
latency stddev = 1201.539 ms
tps = 702.465649 (including connections establishing)
tps = 702.540071 (excluding connections establishing)


So I understand Andres concern about starvation of deadlock detection.
But I failed to create scenario where
a) Postgres normally works with current deadlock detection policy
b) Performance is dropped and latency increased because of starvation of deadlock detection caused by this patch.

And it is very hard not to notice 17-times difference.
Certainly it is true in the assumption that most deadlock timeout expiration are caused by high workload and contention, and not by real deadlocks.
But it seems to be quite common case.

-- 
Konstantin Knizhnik
Postgres Professional: http://www.postgrespro.com
The Russian Postgres Company