relfilenode statistics

Hi hackers,

Please find attached a POC patch to implement $SUBJECT.

Adding relfilenode statistics has been proposed in [1]. The idea is to allow
tracking dirtied blocks, written blocks,... on a per relation basis.

The attached patch is not in a fully "polished" state yet: there is more places
we should add relfilenode counters, create more APIS to retrieve the relfilenode
stats....

But I think that it is in a state that can be used to discuss the approach it
is implementing (so that we can agree or not on it) before moving forward.

The approach that is implemented in this patch is the following:

- A new PGSTAT_KIND_RELFILENODE is added
- A new attribute (aka relfile) has been added to PgStat_HashKey so that we
can record (dboid, spcOid and relfile) to identify a relfilenode entry
- pgstat_create_transactional() is used in RelationCreateStorage()
- pgstat_drop_transactional() is used in RelationDropStorage()
- RelationPreserveStorage() will remove the entry from the list of dropped stats

The current approach to deal with table rewrite is to:

- copy the relfilenode stats in table_relation_set_new_filelocator() from
the relfilenode stats entry to the shared table stats entry
- in the pg_statio_all_tables view: add the table stats entry (that contains
"previous" relfilenode stats (due to the above) that were linked to this relation
) to the current relfilenode stats linked to the relation

An example is done in the attached patch for the new heap_blks_written field
in pg_statio_all_tables. Outcome is:

"
postgres=# create table bdt (a int);
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# select heap_blks_written from pg_statio_all_tables where relname = 'bdt';
 heap_blks_written
-------------------
                 0
(1 row)

postgres=# insert into bdt select generate_series(1,10000);
INSERT 0 10000
postgres=# select heap_blks_written from pg_statio_all_tables where relname = 'bdt';
 heap_blks_written
-------------------
                 0
(1 row)

postgres=# checkpoint;
CHECKPOINT
postgres=# select heap_blks_written from pg_statio_all_tables where relname = 'bdt';
 heap_blks_written
-------------------
                45
(1 row)

postgres=# truncate table bdt;
TRUNCATE TABLE
postgres=# select heap_blks_written from pg_statio_all_tables where relname = 'bdt';
 heap_blks_written
-------------------
                45
(1 row)

postgres=# insert into bdt select generate_series(1,10000);
INSERT 0 10000
postgres=# select heap_blks_written from pg_statio_all_tables where relname = 'bdt';
 heap_blks_written
-------------------
                45
(1 row)

postgres=# checkpoint;
CHECKPOINT
postgres=# select heap_blks_written from pg_statio_all_tables where relname = 'bdt';
 heap_blks_written
-------------------
                90
(1 row)
"

Some remarks:

- My first attempt has been to call the pgstat_create_transactional() and
pgstat_drop_transactional() at the same places it is done for the relations but
that did not work well (mainly due to corner cases in case of rewrite).

- Please don't take care of the pgstat_count_buffer_read() and 
pgstat_count_buffer_hit() calls in pgstat_report_relfilenode_buffer_read()
and pgstat_report_relfilenode_buffer_hit(). Those stats will follow the same
flow as the one done and explained above for the new heap_blks_written one (
should we agree on it).

Looking forward to your comments, feedback.

Regards,

[1]: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/20231113204439.r4lmys73tessqmak%40awork3.anarazel.de

-- 
Bertrand Drouvot
PostgreSQL Contributors Team
RDS Open Source Databases
Amazon Web Services: https://aws.amazon.com