code to perform COPY

Here's the goods. This has worked pretty well for me. I think it's ready
for the next stage of scrutiny.

We may want to take a slightly different approach and move some of this
logic to PG_Stream. There's alot of code overhead on sending down the
transaction-control queries (BEGIN and COMMIT) and reading the response
analyses. I may not be taking advantage of some method, or we may want to
add functionality elsewhere to support copy in a clean fashion.

The debug messages are very verbose, so we'll probably want to comment out
some of that. For large copies, it prints out a crude KB per second. I get
220KB/sec over my LAN. It appears to be CPU bound on my P4 1.6ghz, so
perhaps that can be improved to the point of being network-bound.

Like I mentioned in my previous email, since PG_Stream.input_stream is an
java.io.InputStream, the multi-byte read/receive method offers no
improvments over the single-byte method. I could very well be wrong,
though. I still haven't tested it over a high-latency connection.


    // *****************
    // Postgres COPY handling from org.postgresql.Connection
    // *****************

    /**
     *  This will take the name of a table and an OutputStream, construct a COPY OUT query, send the query
     *  ( while bypassing QueryExecutor), direct the output of the backend into the OutputStream and
     *  then check the backend to see if it's ready for another query.
     * @param table the table from which it will copy
     * @param out OutputStream to which the copy will be sent
     * @return void
     * @exception Exception if a database access error occurs
     *
     **/

    public void copyOut(String table, OutputStream out) throws Exception
    {
        synchronized(pg_stream) {

            String query = "COPY " + table + " TO STDOUT";
            if (Driver.logDebug) Driver.debug("Sending query '" + query + "' to backend.");

            // duplicates statements in QueryExecutor.sendQuery
            pg_stream.SendChar('Q');
            pg_stream.Send(this.getEncoding().encode( query ));
            pg_stream.SendChar(0);
            pg_stream.flush();

            // check response from backend
            int response = pg_stream.ReceiveChar();

            if (response == 'H') {
                if (Driver.logDebug) Driver.debug("Received 'H' from backend. The COPY out is beginning.");
            } else if ( response == 'E') {
                String error_string = pg_stream.ReceiveString(this.getEncoding());
                throw new SQLException( error_string );
            } else {
                throw new SQLException("Copy Out should receive H from backend, but instead received: " +
(char)response); 
            }

            long start_time = System.currentTimeMillis();

            int a, b, c;

            // read input stream one char at a time, but always hold three
            a = pg_stream.ReceiveChar();
            b = pg_stream.ReceiveChar();
            c = pg_stream.ReceiveChar();

            int counter = 3;

            while (true) {
                if ( Driver.logDebug && counter % 100000 == 0) {
                    int rate = counter / (int)(System.currentTimeMillis() - start_time);
                    System.out.println( (counter / 1000) + " KB total at " + rate + " KB/sec");
                }

                if ( a == '\\' && b == '.' &&  c == '\n' ) {
                    // this sequence of bytes means the copy is over
                    if (Driver.logDebug) Driver.debug("Received '\\.' from backend. The COPY out stream is finished.");
                    break;
                }

                out.write(a);

                a = b;
                b = c;

                try {
                    // the following looks unoptimized, but is really the same as java.io.OutputStream.read(byte[] b,
intoff, int len) 
                    c = pg_stream.ReceiveChar();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    // maybe the connection is screwed, or maybe we can salvage it. I don't know.
                    throw e;
                }

                counter++;
            }

            // the backend should send the string "COPY"
            String str = pg_stream.ReceiveString(this.getEncoding());

            // check to make sure the backend is ready for the next query
            response = pg_stream.ReceiveChar();

            if (response == 'Z') {
                if (Driver.logDebug) Driver.debug("Received 'Z' from backend. It's ready for the next query. COPY out
hascompleted"); 
            } else if ( response == 'E') {
                String error_string = pg_stream.ReceiveString(this.getEncoding());
                throw new SQLException( error_string );
            } else {
                throw new SQLException("Copy should receive Z from backend, but instead received: " + (char)response );
            }
        }

        return;
    }


    /*
     *  This will take the name of a table and a ByteArrayInputStream, construct a COPY IN query,
     *  send the query ( while bypassing QueryExecutor), send the bytes of data and send the
     *  3-byte sequence that signifies the end of the copy. We enclose this in a transaction to ensure
     *  that the entire stream is copied in, or nothing at all.
     * @param table the table to which it will copy
     * @param in InputStream from which the copy will be read
     * @return void
     * @exception Exception if a database access error occurs
     */

    public void copyIn (String table, InputStream in) throws Exception
    {
        int response;
        String str;

        synchronized(pg_stream) {

            // BEGIN the COPY in transaction

            pg_stream.SendChar('Q');
            pg_stream.Send(this.getEncoding().encode( "BEGIN" ));
            pg_stream.SendChar(0);
            pg_stream.flush();

            // the backend shoul send the string "CBEGIN" - 'C' for "Completed" and 'BEGIN' for the type of completed
query
            str = pg_stream.ReceiveString(this.getEncoding());
            if ( ! str.equals("CBEGIN") ) throw new SQLException("BEGIN seemed to fail before COPY in. Received: '" +
str+ "'"); 
            response = pg_stream.ReceiveChar();
            if ( response != 'Z' ) throw new SQLException("Backend is not ready for next query. Instead of 'Z',
received:'" + (char)response + "'"); 


            // now "inside" a transaction and ready for COPYing in

            String query = "COPY " + table + " FROM STDIN";
            //if (Driver.logDebug) Driver.debug("Sending query '" + query + "' to backend.");

            // duplicates statements in QueryExecutor.sendQuery
            pg_stream.SendChar('Q');
            pg_stream.Send(this.getEncoding().encode( query ));
            pg_stream.SendChar(0);
            pg_stream.flush();

            // check response from backend
            response = pg_stream.ReceiveChar();

            if (response == 'G') {
                if (Driver.logDebug) Driver.debug("Received 'G' from backend. The COPY in should now begin.");
            } else if ( response == 'E') {
                String error_string = pg_stream.ReceiveString(this.getEncoding());
                throw new SQLException( error_string );
            } else {
                throw new SQLException("Copy should receive G from backend, but instead received: " + (char)response );
            }


            // send the whole input stream

            int b; // a byte placeholder to read from in and send to backend

            while (true) {

                try {
                    b = in.read();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // maybe the connection is screwed, or maybe we can salvage it. I don't know.
                    throw new SQLException("While reading from InputStream, it threw exception: '" + e + "'");
                }

                // we may want to check for the termination string '\\.\n' because we send it later. It wouldn't be
goodto send it twice 

                if (b == -1) {
                    break; // the InputStream is finished
                } else {
                    try {
                        pg_stream.SendChar((char)b);
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        throw new SQLException("While sending a char to the backend, it threw exception: '" + e + "'"
);
                    }
                }
            }

            // send the special row
            if (Driver.logDebug) Driver.debug("Sending the byte seqence '\\.'. The frontend has finished the COPY in
stream.");
            pg_stream.Send( new byte[] { (byte)'\\', (byte)'.', (byte)'\n' } );
            pg_stream.flush();

            // the backend send the string "CCOPY" - 'C' for "Completed" and 'COPY' for the type of completed query
            str = pg_stream.ReceiveString(this.getEncoding());
            //if (Driver.logDebug) Driver.debug( "Should be CCOPY: " + str);

            // check to make sure the backend is ready for the next query
            response = pg_stream.ReceiveChar();

            if (response == 'Z') {
                if (Driver.logDebug) Driver.debug("Received 'Z' from backend. It's ready for the next query. COPY in
hascompleted"); 
            } else if ( response == 'E') {
                String error_string = pg_stream.ReceiveString(this.getEncoding());
                throw new SQLException( error_string );
            } else {
                throw new SQLException("Copy should receive Z from backend, but instead received: " + (char)response );
            }


            // since we reached this point with an error, COMMIT the COPY in transaction

            pg_stream.SendChar('Q');
            pg_stream.Send(this.getEncoding().encode( "COMMIT" ));
            pg_stream.SendChar(0);
            pg_stream.flush();

            // the backend shoul send the string "CCOMMIT" - 'C' for "Completed" and 'COMMIT' for the type of completed
query
            str = pg_stream.ReceiveString(this.getEncoding());
            if ( ! str.equals("CCOMMIT") ) throw new SQLException("COMMIT seemed to fail after COPY in. Received: '" +
str+ "'"); 
            response = pg_stream.ReceiveChar();
            if ( response != 'Z' ) throw new SQLException("Backend is not ready for next query. Instead of 'Z',
received:'" + (char)response + "'"); 
        }
    }











    // *****************
    // Postgres COPY testing from org.postgresql.test.JDBCTests
    // *****************



        /*
         * Tests the copyOut functionality by copying data from pg_class into a test table,
         * then it copies that data out and check the number of 'rows' that came out.
         */
        public void testCopyOut()
        {
                try
                {
                    org.postgresql.Connection conn = (org.postgresql.Connection)JDBC2Tests.openDB();

                    java.sql.Statement st = conn.createStatement();
                    st.executeUpdate( "INSERT into copy_out_test SELECT relowner, relpages FROM pg_class LIMIT 20" );

                    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                    java.sql.ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery( "SELECT count(*) AS row_count FROM copy_out_test" );
                    rs.first();
                    int row_count = rs.getInt("row_count"); // the number of rows in the table copy_out_test

                    conn.copyOut("copy_out_test",out);

                    ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
                    int newline_count = 0;
                    for ( int i = in.read(); i != -1; i = in.read() ) {
                        if (i == '\n') newline_count++; // count the number of newlines
                    }

                    // # of newlines should equal original LIMIT #
                    assertEquals(row_count,newline_count);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        assertTrue(ex.getMessage(), false);
                    }
        }



        /*
         * Tests the copyIn functionality by copying in an array of bytes, then checking their integrity in the table
         */
        public void testCopyIn()
        {
                try
                {
                    org.postgresql.Connection conn = (org.postgresql.Connection)JDBC2Tests.openDB();
                    java.sql.Statement st = conn.createStatement();
                    byte[] dummy_array = new byte[] {
(byte)'T',(byte)'o',(byte)'m',(byte)'\t',(byte)'1',(byte)'2',(byte)'\n',  //Tom 12 

(byte)'B',(byte)'o',(byte)'b',(byte)'\t',(byte)'2',(byte)'9',(byte)'\n',  //Bob 29 

(byte)'H',(byte)'a',(byte)'n',(byte)'\t',(byte)'4',(byte)'1',(byte)'\n'   //Han 41 
                    };

                    InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(dummy_array);
                    conn.copyIn("copy_in_test",in);

                    java.sql.ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery( "SELECT sum(two) AS sum FROM copy_in_test" );
                    rs.first();
                    int sum = rs.getInt("sum");
                    assertEquals(sum,82); // the sum of column 'two' should equal 82 (i.e. 12 + 29 + 41)

                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        assertTrue(ex.getMessage(), false);
                    }
        }





        /*
         * Test a sequence of copy commands by
         *
         */
        public void testCopyOutCopyIn()
        {
                try
                {
                    org.postgresql.Connection conn = (org.postgresql.Connection)JDBC2Tests.openDB();
                    java.sql.Statement st = conn.createStatement();

                    st.executeUpdate( "INSERT into copy_out_copy_in_test SELECT relowner, relpages FROM pg_class LIMIT
20"); 

                    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                    java.sql.ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery( "SELECT count(*) AS row_count FROM copy_out_copy_in_test"
);
                    rs.first();
                    int row_count = rs.getInt("row_count"); // the number of rows in the table copy_out_copy_in_test

                    conn.copyOut("copy_out_copy_in_test",out);

                    ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
                    int newline_count = 0;
                    for ( int i = in.read(); i != -1; i = in.read() ) {
                        if (i == '\n') newline_count++; // count the number of newlines
                    }

                    // # of newlines should equal original LIMIT #
                    assertEquals(row_count,newline_count);

                    in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
                    conn.copyIn("copy_out_copy_in_test",in);

                    rs = st.executeQuery( "SELECT count(*) AS row_count FROM copy_out_copy_in_test" );
                    rs.first();
                    row_count = rs.getInt("row_count"); // the number of rows in the table copy_out_copy_in_test

                    assertEquals(row_count , newline_count*2);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        assertTrue(ex.getMessage(), false);
                    }
        }




        /*
         * Test a sequence of copy commands by copying in an array of bytes, then copying them out
         * and comparing the lengths of the two arrays.
         */
        public void testCopyInCopyOut()
        {
                try
                {
                    org.postgresql.Connection conn = (org.postgresql.Connection)JDBC2Tests.openDB();

                    java.sql.Statement st = conn.createStatement();
                    byte[] input_array = new byte[] {
(byte)'T',(byte)'o',(byte)'m',(byte)'\t',(byte)'1',(byte)'2',(byte)'\n',

(byte)'B',(byte)'o',(byte)'b',(byte)'\t',(byte)'2',(byte)'9',(byte)'\n',

(byte)'H',(byte)'a',(byte)'n',(byte)'\t',(byte)'4',(byte)'1',(byte)'\n'
                    };

                    InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(input_array);
                    conn.copyIn("copy_in_copy_out_test",in);

                    java.sql.ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery( "SELECT sum(two) AS sum FROM copy_in_copy_out_test" );
                    rs.first();
                    int sum = rs.getInt("sum");
                    assertEquals(sum,82); // the sum of column 'two' should equal 82 (i.e. 12 + 29 + 41)

                    // copy out the everything from the table we just copy'ed into

                    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                    conn.copyOut("copy_in_copy_out_test",out);

                    int  input_length = input_array.length;
                    int output_length = out.size();
                    assertEquals(input_length, output_length); // the input and output array should be the same size
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        assertTrue(ex.getMessage(), false);
                    }
        }












    // *****************
    // test using pipes so that you don't have to read everything into memory before you sent it out.
    // *****************



final org.postgresql.Connection local_con  =
(org.postgresql.Connection)DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost/test1?loglevel=2","test" ,
"password");
final org.postgresql.Connection local_con  =
(org.postgresql.Connection)DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost/test2?loglevel=2","test" ,
"password");


        final PipedOutputStream pout = new PipedOutputStream();
        final PipedInputStream  pin  = new PipedInputStream(pout);

        final Thread copierOut = new Thread() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        remote_con.copyOut("some_source_table",pout);
                        pout.close(); // if you don't close it, the pipe will be considered "broken" when the Thread
ends
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        System.err.println("Caught error while copying out " + e);
                    }
                }
            };


        final Thread copierIn = new Thread() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        local_con.copyIn("some_destination_table",pin);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        System.err.println("Caught error while copying in " + e);
                    }
                }
            };

        copierOut.start();
        copierIn.start();