Re: Question from someone who is not trained in computer sciences

This ranges from very easy to technically-possible-but-very-difficult, depending upon what you and your colleagues do with you local copies of the data. If your database schema and activities are such that your local edits will trample over each other, reconciling those changes automatically when you return to your office might be a challenge. If, however, you and your colleagues each change different rows, or even better make no changes on your local copies, then this becomes much easier.

While it isn't the simpliest tool to set up, if you're planning to make edits to your local databases then bucardo is a replication package that can give you want you want. (Really any multi-master replication tool should work, but bucardo has an advantage in that it was designed with unreliable connectivity in mind.)