pgsql: Fix multixact backwards-compatibility with CHECKPOINT race condi

Fix multixact backwards-compatibility with CHECKPOINT race condition

If a CHECKPOINT record with nextMulti N is written to the WAL before
the CREATE_ID record for N, and N happens to be the first multixid on
an offset page, the backwards compatibility logic to tolerate WAL
generated by older minor versions (before commit 789d65364c) failed to
compensate for the missing XLOG_MULTIXACT_ZERO_OFF_PAGE record. In
that case, the latest_page_number was initialized at the start of WAL
replay to the page for nextMulti from the CHECKPOINT record, even if
we had not seen the CREATE_ID record for that multixid yet, which
fooled the backwards compatibility logic to think that the page was
already initialized.

To fix, track the last XLOG_MULTIXACT_ZERO_OFF_PAGE that we've seen
separately from latest_page_number. If we haven't seen any
XLOG_MULTIXACT_ZERO_OFF_PAGE records yet, use
SimpleLruDoesPhysicalPageExist() to check if the page needs to be
initialized.

Reported-by: duankunren.dkr <duankunren.dkr@alibaba-inc.com>
Analyzed-by: duankunren.dkr <duankunren.dkr@alibaba-inc.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrey Borodin <x4mmm@yandex-team.ru>
Reviewed-by: Kirill Reshke <reshkekirill@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/c4ef1737-8cba-458e-b6fd-4e2d6011e985.duankunren.dkr@alibaba-inc.com
Backpatch-through: 14-18

Branch
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REL_18_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/0852643e1c60f3d32f723cac06e7a16f147745aa

Modified Files
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src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c | 87 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
src/include/access/slru.h              |  4 +-
2 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)