pgsql: For inplace update, send nontransactional invalidations.

For inplace update, send nontransactional invalidations.

The inplace update survives ROLLBACK.  The inval didn't, so another
backend's DDL could then update the row without incorporating the
inplace update.  In the test this fixes, a mix of CREATE INDEX and ALTER
TABLE resulted in a table with an index, yet relhasindex=f.  That is a
source of index corruption.

Back-patch to v14 - v17.  This is a back-patch of commits:

- 243e9b40f1b2dd09d6e5bf91ebf6e822a2cd3704
  (main change, on master, before v18 branched)
- 0bada39c83a150079567a6e97b1a25a198f30ea3
  (defect fix, on master, before v18 branched)
- bae8ca82fd00603ebafa0658640d6e4dfe20af92
  (cosmetics from post-commit review, on REL_18_STABLE)

It reverses commit c1099dd745b0135960895caa8892a1873ac6cbe5, my revert
of the original back-patch of 243e9b4.

This back-patch omits the non-comment heap_decode() changes.  I find
those changes removed harmless code that was last necessary in v13.  See
discussion thread for details.  The back branches aren't the place to
remove such code.

Like the original back-patch, this doesn't change WAL, because these
branches use end-of-recovery SIResetAll().  All branches change the ABI
of extern function PrepareToInvalidateCacheTuple().  No PGXN extension
calls that, and there's no apparent use case in extensions.  Expect
".abi-compliance-history" edits to follow.

Reviewed-by: Paul A Jungwirth <pj@illuminatedcomputing.com>
Reviewed-by: Surya Poondla <s_poondla@apple.com>
Reviewed-by: Ilyasov Ian <ianilyasov@outlook.com>
Reviewed-by: Nitin Motiani <nitinmotiani@google.com> (in earlier versions)
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> (in earlier versions)
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20240523000548.58.nmisch@google.com
Backpatch-through: 14-17

Branch
------
REL_14_STABLE

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/8114224719401da8e30131310f1a227781cac6eb

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/access/heap/README.tuplock        |  32 +++
src/backend/access/heap/heapam.c              |  46 ++++-
src/backend/access/transam/xact.c             |  26 ++-
src/backend/catalog/index.c                   |  11 +-
src/backend/replication/logical/decode.c      |  11 +-
src/backend/utils/cache/catcache.c            |   7 +-
src/backend/utils/cache/inval.c               | 277 +++++++++++++++++++-------
src/backend/utils/cache/syscache.c            |   3 +-
src/include/utils/catcache.h                  |   3 +-
src/include/utils/inval.h                     |   6 +
src/test/isolation/expected/inplace-inval.out |  10 +-
src/test/isolation/specs/inplace-inval.spec   |  12 +-
src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list              |   4 +-
13 files changed, 334 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-)