pgsql: Reduce number of commands dumpTableSchema emits for binary upgra

Reduce number of commands dumpTableSchema emits for binary upgrade.

Avoid issuing a separate SQL UPDATE command for each column when
directly manipulating pg_attribute contents in binary upgrade mode.
With the separate updates, we triggered a relcache invalidation with
each update.  For a table with N columns, that causes O(N^2) relcache
bloat in txn_size mode because the table's newly-created relcache
entry can't be flushed till end of transaction.  Reducing the number
of commands should make it marginally faster as well as avoiding that
problem.

While at it, likewise avoid issuing a separate UPDATE on pg_constraint
for each inherited constraint.  This is less exciting, first because
inherited (non-partitioned) constraints are relatively rare, and
second because the backend has a good deal of trouble anyway with
restoring tables containing many such constraints, due to
MergeConstraintsIntoExisting being horribly inefficient.  But it seems
more consistent to do it this way here too, and it surely can't hurt.

In passing, fix one place in dumpTableSchema that failed to use ONLY
in ALTER TABLE.  That's not a live bug, but it's inconsistent.
Also avoid silently casting away const from string literals.

Per report from Justin Pryzby.  Back-patch to v17 where txn_size mode
was introduced.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ZqEND4ZcTDBmcv31@pryzbyj2023

Branch
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REL_17_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/2fa989e6a3407b9da625e1524c8694bc028e25ba

Modified Files
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src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c        | 134 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl |   2 +-
2 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)