pgsql: Improve handling of dropped partitioned indexes for REINDEX INDE

Improve handling of dropped partitioned indexes for REINDEX INDEX

A REINDEX INDEX done on a partitioned index builds a list of the indexes
to work on before processing its partitions in individual transactions.
When combined with a DROP of the partitioned index, there was a window
where it was possible to see some unexpected "could not open relation
with OID", synonym of relation lookup error.  The code was robust enough
to handle the case where the parent relation is missing, but not the
case where an index would be gone missing.

This is similar to 1d65416661bb.

Support for REINDEX on partitioned relations has been introduced in
a6642b3ae060, so backpatch down to 14.

Author: Fei Changhong
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/tencent_6A52106095ACDE55333E3AD33F304C0C3909@qq.com
Backpatch-through: 14

Branch
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REL_14_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/b6f2e019d66ffaa3435d51a554ceacbee868a0e4

Modified Files
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src/backend/catalog/index.c | 19 ++++++++++++++++++-
1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)