pgsql: Fix new pg_publication_tables query.

Fix new pg_publication_tables query.

The addition of published column names forgot to filter on attisdropped,
leading to cases where you could see "........pg.dropped.1........"
or the like as a reportedly-published column.

While we're here, rewrite the new subquery to get a more efficient plan
for it.

Hou Zhijie, per report from Jaime Casanova.  Back-patch to v15 where
the bug was introduced.  (Sadly, this means we need a post-beta4
catversion bump before beta4 has even hit the streets.  I see no
good alternative though.)

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Yxa1SU4nH2HfN3/i@ahch-to

Branch
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REL_15_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e25631265a233e0c315458b206e419eca69fdb22

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql | 9 ++++-----
src/include/catalog/catversion.h     | 2 +-
src/test/regress/expected/rules.out  | 9 ++-------
3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)