pgsql: Generated columns

Generated columns

This is an SQL-standard feature that allows creating columns that are
computed from expressions rather than assigned, similar to a view or
materialized view but on a column basis.

This implements one kind of generated column: stored (computed on
write).  Another kind, virtual (computed on read), is planned for the
future, and some room is left for it.

Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Reviewed-by: Pavel Stehule <pavel.stehule@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/b151f851-4019-bdb1-699e-ebab07d2f40a@2ndquadrant.com

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/fc22b6623b6b3bab3cb057ccd282c2bfad1a0b30

Modified Files
--------------
contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out  |  25 +
contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c             |   3 +-
contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql       |  14 +
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml                      |  19 +-
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml                           | 118 ++++
doc/src/sgml/information_schema.sgml            |  66 +-
doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml                      |   4 +-
doc/src/sgml/ref/copy.sgml                      |   3 +-
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_foreign_table.sgml      |  27 +-
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml              |  45 +-
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_trigger.sgml            |   4 +-
doc/src/sgml/textsearch.sgml                    |  26 +-
doc/src/sgml/trigger.sgml                       |  18 +
src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c             |  11 +
src/backend/catalog/heap.c                      | 108 +++-
src/backend/catalog/information_schema.sql      |  30 +-
src/backend/commands/copy.c                     |  31 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c                | 167 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c                  |  31 +-
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c                 |   6 +-
src/backend/executor/execMain.c                 |   8 +-
src/backend/executor/execReplication.c          |  11 +
src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c          | 112 ++++
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c                   |   2 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c                  |   2 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c                    |   9 +
src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c                   |   1 +
src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c         |   8 +-
src/backend/optimizer/util/inherit.c            |   6 +
src/backend/optimizer/util/plancat.c            |  19 +
src/backend/parser/analyze.c                    |  27 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y                       |  14 +-
src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c                  |  11 +
src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c                 |   6 +
src/backend/parser/parse_func.c                 |   3 +
src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c             |  19 +
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c              |  66 +-
src/backend/replication/logical/proto.c         |   9 +-
src/backend/replication/logical/relation.c      |   2 +-
src/backend/replication/logical/tablesync.c     |   6 +-
src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c        |   2 +-
src/backend/replication/pgoutput/pgoutput.c     |   2 +-
src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c            |  36 +-
src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c             |  33 +
src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c             |   1 +
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c              |   4 +
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c                       |  40 +-
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.h                       |   1 +
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump_sort.c                  |  10 +
src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl                |  17 +
src/bin/psql/describe.c                         |  23 +-
src/include/access/tupdesc.h                    |   1 +
src/include/catalog/catversion.h                |   2 +-
src/include/catalog/heap.h                      |   4 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_attribute.h              |   5 +
src/include/catalog/pg_class.dat                |   2 +-
src/include/executor/nodeModifyTable.h          |   2 +
src/include/nodes/execnodes.h                   |   3 +
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h                  |  24 +-
src/include/optimizer/plancat.h                 |   2 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h                     |   1 +
src/include/parser/parse_node.h                 |   3 +-
src/include/utils/lsyscache.h                   |   1 +
src/pl/plperl/expected/plperl_trigger.out       |  95 +++
src/pl/plperl/plperl.c                          |  40 +-
src/pl/plperl/sql/plperl_trigger.sql            |  36 ++
src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_exec.c                    |  20 +
src/pl/plpython/expected/plpython_trigger.out   |  94 +++
src/pl/plpython/plpy_cursorobject.c             |   5 +-
src/pl/plpython/plpy_exec.c                     |  23 +-
src/pl/plpython/plpy_spi.c                      |   3 +-
src/pl/plpython/plpy_typeio.c                   |  17 +-
src/pl/plpython/plpy_typeio.h                   |   2 +-
src/pl/plpython/sql/plpython_trigger.sql        |  37 ++
src/pl/tcl/expected/pltcl_trigger.out           |  99 +++
src/pl/tcl/pltcl.c                              |  50 +-
src/pl/tcl/sql/pltcl_trigger.sql                |  36 ++
src/test/regress/expected/create_table_like.out |  46 ++
src/test/regress/expected/generated.out         | 768 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule              |   2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule                |   1 +
src/test/regress/sql/create_table_like.sql      |  14 +
src/test/regress/sql/generated.sql              | 451 ++++++++++++++
src/test/subscription/t/011_generated.pl        |  65 ++
84 files changed, 3065 insertions(+), 155 deletions(-)