pgsql: CREATE INDEX ... INCLUDING (column[, ...])

CREATE INDEX ... INCLUDING (column[, ...])

Now indexes (but only B-tree for now) can contain "extra" column(s) which
doesn't participate in index structure, they are just stored in leaf
tuples. It allows to use index only scan by using single index instead
of two or more indexes.

Author: Anastasia Lubennikova with minor editorializing by me
Reviewers: David Rowley, Peter Geoghegan, Jeff Janes

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
http://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/386e3d7609c49505e079c40c65919d99feb82505

Modified Files
--------------
contrib/dblink/dblink.c                       |  26 +--
contrib/tcn/tcn.c                             |   6 +-
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml                    |   8 +
doc/src/sgml/indexam.sgml                     |   5 +-
doc/src/sgml/indices.sgml                     |   7 +-
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_index.sgml            |  41 +++-
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml            |  36 ++-
src/backend/access/brin/brin.c                |   1 +
src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c        |  31 +++
src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c              |   1 +
src/backend/access/gist/gist.c                |   1 +
src/backend/access/hash/hash.c                |   1 +
src/backend/access/index/genam.c              |  16 +-
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtinsert.c         |  45 +++-
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtpage.c           |   5 +-
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtree.c            |   1 +
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsearch.c         |   2 +
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtsort.c           |  48 +++-
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c          |  25 ++-
src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c          |   1 +
src/backend/bootstrap/bootparse.y             |   2 +
src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c             |   2 +-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c                    |   3 +-
src/backend/catalog/index.c                   |  45 ++--
src/backend/catalog/indexing.c                |   1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c           |  26 ++-
src/backend/catalog/toasting.c                |   1 +
src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c              |  60 +++--
src/backend/commands/matview.c                |   6 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c              |   9 +-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c                |   1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c               |   1 +
src/backend/executor/execIndexing.c           |  14 +-
src/backend/executor/nodeIndexscan.c          |   8 +-
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c                 |   2 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c                |   2 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c                  |   3 +
src/backend/optimizer/path/indxpath.c         |   2 +-
src/backend/optimizer/path/pathkeys.c         |   7 +
src/backend/optimizer/util/plancat.c          |  32 +--
src/backend/parser/analyze.c                  |   6 +-
src/backend/parser/gram.y                     |  57 +++--
src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c           |   2 +-
src/backend/parser/parse_target.c             |   2 +-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c            | 121 +++++++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c             |  32 +++
src/backend/utils/adt/selfuncs.c              |   4 +-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c            |  83 ++++---
src/backend/utils/sort/tuplesort.c            |   5 +-
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c                     |  65 +++++-
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.h                     |   6 +-
src/include/access/amapi.h                    |   2 +
src/include/access/itup.h                     |   2 +
src/include/access/nbtree.h                   |   3 +-
src/include/catalog/catversion.h              |   2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h           |  23 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint_fn.h        |  21 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_index.h                |  38 ++--
src/include/nodes/execnodes.h                 |   9 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h                |   5 +-
src/include/nodes/relation.h                  |  13 +-
src/include/utils/rel.h                       |  16 +-
src/test/regress/expected/create_index.out    |  19 ++
src/test/regress/expected/index_including.out | 301 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule            |   2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule              |   1 +
src/test/regress/sql/create_index.sql         |  20 ++
src/test/regress/sql/index_including.sql      | 181 ++++++++++++++++
68 files changed, 1320 insertions(+), 255 deletions(-)