pgsql: Improve performance of fixempties() pass in regular-expression c

Improve performance of fixempties() pass in regular-expression compiler.

The previous coding took something like O(N^4) time to fully process a
chain of N EMPTY arcs.  We can't really do much better than O(N^2) because
we have to insert about that many arcs, but we can do lots better than
what's there now.  The win comes partly from using mergeins() to amortize
de-duplication of arcs across multiple source states, and partly from
exploiting knowledge of the ordering of arcs for each state to avoid
looking at arcs we don't need to consider during the scan.  We do have
to be a bit careful of the possible reordering of arcs introduced by
the sort-merge coding of the previous commit, but that's not hard to
deal with.

Back-patch to all supported branches.

Branch
------
REL9_3_STABLE

Details
-------
http://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/677e64cb8042ff6002069f1b587d933f4cdee925

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/regex/regc_nfa.c |  249 +++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
src/backend/regex/regcomp.c  |    6 +-
2 files changed, 128 insertions(+), 127 deletions(-)