pgsql: Fix some planner issues with degenerate outer join clauses.

Fix some planner issues with degenerate outer join clauses.

An outer join clause that didn't actually reference the RHS (perhaps only
after constant-folding) could confuse the join order enforcement logic,
leading to wrong query results.  Also, nested occurrences of such things
could trigger an Assertion that on reflection seems incorrect.

Per fuzz testing by Andreas Seltenreich.  The practical use of such cases
seems thin enough that it's not too surprising we've not heard field
reports about it.

This has been broken for a long time, so back-patch to all active branches.

Branch
------
REL9_0_STABLE

Details
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http://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/44679965f0bdf42275a567751fdddfe759795ee4

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/optimizer/path/joinrels.c  |   26 ++++---
src/backend/optimizer/plan/initsplan.c |   18 ++++-
src/test/regress/expected/join.out     |  129 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/join.sql          |   50 +++++++++++++
4 files changed, 211 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)