Re: Virtual generated columns

On Sun, Feb 9, 2025 at 7:02 PM Zhang Mingli <zmlpostgres@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Feb 9, 2025 at 16:00 +0800, Alexander Lakhin <exclusion@gmail.com>, wrote:
> Please look at a planner error with a virtual generated column triggered
> by the following script:
> CREATE TABLE t(a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (a * 1));
>
> SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN t.b = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 1 END) OVER (PARTITION BY t.a)
> FROM t AS t1 LEFT JOIN T ON true;
>
> ERROR:  XX000: wrong varnullingrels (b) (expected (b 3)) for Var 2/1
> LOCATION:  search_indexed_tlist_for_var, setrefs.c:2901

> During the parse stage, we set the Var->varnullingrels in the parse_analyze_fixedparams function.
> Later, when rewriting the parse tree in pg_rewrite_query() to expand virtual columns, we replace the expression
columnb with a new Var that includes a, since b is defined as a * 1. 
> Unfortunately, we overlooked updating the Var->varnullingrels at this point.
> As a result, when we enter search_indexed_tlist_for_var, it leads to a failure.
> While we do have another target entry with the correct varnullingrels, the expression involving the virtual column
generatesanother column reference, which causes the error. 
> Currently, I don't have a solid fix.
> One potential solution is to correct the Vars at or after the rewrite stage by traversing the parse tree again using
markNullableIfNeeded.
> However, this approach may require exposing the ParseState, which doesn't seem ideal.
> It appears that the virtual column generation function during the rewrite stage does not account for the Var field
settings,leading to the errors we are encountering. 

Hmm, would it be possible to propagate any varnullingrels into the
replacement expression in ReplaceVarsFromTargetList_callback()?

BTW, I was curious about what happens if the replacement expression is
constant, so I tried running the query below.

CREATE TABLE t (a int, b int GENERATED ALWAYS AS (1 + 1));
INSERT INTO t VALUES (1);
INSERT INTO t VALUES (2);

# SELECT t2.a, t2.b FROM t t1 LEFT JOIN t t2 ON FALSE;
 a | b
---+---
   | 2
   | 2
(2 rows)

Is this the expected behavior?  I was expecting that t2.b should be
all NULLs.

Thanks
Richard