I just ran into an interesting issue on Postgres 8.4. I have a database with about 3 months of data and when I do following query: SELECT DATE_TRUNC('day', time) AS time_t, COUNT(*) FROM mytable GROUP BY time_t;
EXPLAIN shows that it's doing a sort and then a GroupAggregate. There will only be ~90 outputs, so is there a way I can hint/force the planner to just do a HashAggregate?
Just to see if it would change the plan, I tried increasing the work_mem up to 1GB and it still did the same plan.
PostgreSQL does not really have any stats on the selectivity of date_trunc('day', time) so my guess is that it can only assume that it has the same selectivity as the time column by itself... Which is very untrue in this case.
The group aggregate plan is chosen here as PostgreSQL thinks the the hash table is going to end up pretty big and decides that the group aggregate will be the cheaper option.
I mocked up your data and on 9.4 I can get the hash aggregate plan to run if I set the n_distinct value to 90 then analyze the table again.. Even if you could do this on 8.4 I'd not recommend it as it will probably cause havoc with other plans around the time column. I did also get the hash aggregate plan to run if I created a functional index on date_trunc('day', time) then ran analyze again. I don't have a copy of 8.4 around to see if the planner will make use of the index in the same way.
What would be really nice is if we could create our own statistics on what we want, something like:
CREATE STATISTICS name ON table (date_trunc('day', time));
That way postgres could have a better idea of the selectivity in this situation.
I'd give creating the function index a try, but keep in mind the overhead that it will cause with inserts, updates and deletes.