Re: [HACKERS] PoC: Grouped base relation

[ Trying to respond to both Tomas and David. I'll check tomorrow if anything
else of the thread needs my comment. ]

Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@2ndquadrant.com> wrote:

> On 01/17/2017 12:42 AM, David Rowley wrote:
> > On 10 January 2017 at 06:56, Antonin Houska <ah@cybertec.at> wrote:

> > I've been thinking about this aggtransmultifn and I'm not sure if it's
> > really needed. Adding a whole series of new transition functions is
> > quite a pain. At least I think so, and I have a feeling Robert might
> > agree with me.
> >
> > Let's imagine some worst case (and somewhat silly) aggregate query:
> >
> > SELECT count(*)
> > FROM million_row_table
> > CROSS JOIN another_million_row_table;
> >
> > Today that's going to cause 1 TRILLION transitions! Performance will
> > be terrible.
> >
> > If we pushed the aggregate down into one of those tables and performed
> > a Partial Aggregate on that, then a Finalize Aggregate on that single
> > row result (after the join), then that's 1 million transfn calls, and
> > 1 million combinefn calls, one for each row produced by the join.
> >
> > If we did it your way (providing I understand your proposal correctly)
> > there's 1 million transfn calls on one relation, then 1 million on the
> > other and then 1 multiplyfn call. which does 1000000 * 1000000
> >
> > What did we save vs. using the existing aggcombinefn infrastructure
> > which went into 9.6? Using this actually costs us 1 extra function
> > call, right? I'd imagine the size of the patch to use aggcombinefn
> > instead would be a fraction of the size of the one which included all
> > the new aggmultiplyfns and pg_aggregate.h changes.
> >

> I think the patch relies on the assumption that the grouping reduces
> cardinality,

Yes.

> so a CROSS JOIN without a GROUP BY clause may not be the best
> counterexample.

Yet it tells me that my approach is not ideal in some cases ...

> > It sounds like a much more manageable project by using aggcombinefn
> > instead. Then maybe one day when we can detect if a join did not cause
> > any result duplication (i.e Unique Joins), we could finalise the
> > aggregates on the first call, and completely skip the combine state
> > altogether.
> >

> I don't quite see how the patch could use aggcombinefn without sacrificing a
> lot of the benefits. Sure, it's possible to run the aggcombinefn in a loop
> (with number of iterations determined by the group size on the other side of
> the join), but that sounds pretty expensive and eliminates the reduction of
> transition function calls. The join cardinality would still be reduced,
> though.

That's what I think. The generic case is that neither side of the join is
unique. If it appears that both relations should be aggregated below the join,
aggcombinefn would have to be called multiple times on each output row of the
join to achieve the same result as the calling aggmultiplyfn.

> I do have other question about the patch, however. It seems to rely on the
> fact that the grouping and joins both reference the same columns. I wonder how
> uncommon such queries are.
>
> To give a reasonable example, imagine the typical start schema, which is
> pretty standard for large analytical databases. A dimension table is
> "products" and the fact table is "sales", and the schema might look like this:
>
> CREATE TABLE products (
>     id            SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
>     name          TEXT,
>     category_id   INT,
>     producer_id   INT
> );
>
> CREATE TABLE sales (
>     product_id    REFERENCES products (id),
>     nitems        INT,
>     price         NUMERIC
> );
>
> A typical query then looks like this:
>
>     SELECT category_id, SUM(nitems), SUM(price)
>     FROM products p JOIN sales s ON (p.id = s.product_id)
>     GROUP BY p.category_id;
>
> which obviously uses different columns for the grouping and join, and so the
> patch won't help with that. Of course, a query grouping by product_id would
> allow the patch to work

Right, the current version does not handle this. Thanks for suggestion.

> Another thing is that in my experience most queries do joins on foreign keys
> (so the PK side is unique by definition), so the benefit on practical examples
> is likely much smaller.

ok. So in some cases the David's approach might be better.

However I think the ability to join 2 grouped (originally non-unique)
relations is still important. Consider a query involving "sales" as well as
another table which also has many-to-one relationship to "products".

> But I guess my main question is if there are actual examples of queries the
> patch is trying to improve, or whether the general benefit is allowing
> parallel plans for queries where it would not be possible otherwise.

In fact I did all this with postgres_fdw in mind.

From this perspective, David's approach can be slightly more efficient if all
the tables are local, but aggregation of multiple base relations below the
join can save a lot of effort if the tables are remote (as it reduces the
amount of data transferred over network).

I'm not terribly happy about changing the system catalog, but adding something
like pg_aggregate(aggtransmultifn) is currently the best idea I have.

--
Antonin Houska
Cybertec Schönig & Schönig GmbH
Gröhrmühlgasse 26
A-2700 Wiener Neustadt
Web: http://www.postgresql-support.de, http://www.cybertec.at