Re: [HACKERS] Horrible CREATE DATABASE Performance in High Sierra

Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> writes:
> To demonstrate what I'm observing here, on linux with a fairly fast ssd:
> ...

I tried to replicate this test as closely as I could on the Mac hardware
I have laying about.  I only bothered with the synchronous_commit=off
case, though, since you say that shows the worst effects.  I used the
same parameters you did and the same pgbench settings.  I attach the
pgbench output for six cases, flush_after disabled or enabled on three
different machines:

(A) 2016 MacBook Pro, 2.7GHz i7 + SSD, Sierra, HFS+ file system
(B) 2013 MacBook Pro, 2.3GHz i7 + SSD, High Sierra, APFS file system
(C) 2012 Mac Mini, 2.3GHz i7 + 5400-RPM SATA, High Sierra, HFS+ file system

There is some benefit on the SSD machines, but it's in the range of a
few percent --- clearly, these kernels are not as subject to the basic
I/O-scheduling problem as Linux is.  The spinning-rust machine shows a
nice gain in overall TPS with flush enabled, but it's actually a bit
worse off in terms of the worst-case slowdown --- note that only that
case shows things coming to a complete halt.  It'd be interesting to
check the behavior of a pre-High-Sierra kernel with spinning rust,
but I don't have any remotely modern machine answering that description.

I'm kind of surprised that machine B doesn't show obvious tanking in this
test given that msync() makes it suck so badly at copying a database.
I wonder what is different from the kernel's standpoint ... maybe the
sheer number of different files mmap'd by a single process during the
copy?

> What I'm basically wondering is whether we're screwing somebody over
> that made the effort to manually configure this on OSX. It's fairly
> obvious we need to find a way to disable the msync() by default.

I suspect that anybody who cares about DB performance on macOS will
be running it on SSD-based hardware these days.  The benefit seen on
the Mac Mini would have been worth the trouble of a custom configuration
a few years ago, but I'm dubious that it matters in the real world
anymore.

If we could arrange to not use pg_flush_after in copydir.c on macOS,
I'd be okay with leaving it alone for the configurable flush_after
calls.  But I can't think of a way to do that that wouldn't be a
complete kluge.  I don't much want to do

+#ifndef __darwin__
        pg_flush_data(dstfd, offset, nbytes);
+#endif

but I don't see any better alternative ...

            regards, tom lane

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transaction type: <builtin: TPC-B (sort of)>
scaling factor: 100
query mode: prepared
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 100 s
number of transactions actually processed: 911421
latency average = 0.878 ms
latency stddev = 0.402 ms
tps = 9113.930992 (including connections establishing)
tps = 9114.372025 (excluding connections establishing)
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transaction type: <builtin: TPC-B (sort of)>
scaling factor: 100
query mode: prepared
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 100 s
number of transactions actually processed: 959494
latency average = 0.834 ms
latency stddev = 0.312 ms
tps = 9594.823200 (including connections establishing)
tps = 9595.312663 (excluding connections establishing)
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progress: 100.0 s, 8560.0 tps, lat 0.934 ms stddev 0.155
transaction type: <builtin: TPC-B (sort of)>
scaling factor: 100
query mode: prepared
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 100 s
number of transactions actually processed: 820226
latency average = 0.975 ms
latency stddev = 0.701 ms
tps = 8202.177302 (including connections establishing)
tps = 8202.483978 (excluding connections establishing)
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transaction type: <builtin: TPC-B (sort of)>
scaling factor: 100
query mode: prepared
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 100 s
number of transactions actually processed: 854022
latency average = 0.937 ms
latency stddev = 0.307 ms
tps = 8540.098382 (including connections establishing)
tps = 8540.430623 (excluding connections establishing)
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transaction type: <builtin: TPC-B (sort of)>
scaling factor: 100
query mode: prepared
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 100 s
number of transactions actually processed: 25148
latency average = 31.830 ms
latency stddev = 91.203 ms
tps = 251.245585 (including connections establishing)
tps = 251.258855 (excluding connections establishing)
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progress: 77.0 s, 651.9 tps, lat 12.336 ms stddev 39.291
progress: 78.0 s, 676.6 tps, lat 12.379 ms stddev 47.952
progress: 79.0 s, 655.5 tps, lat 11.603 ms stddev 27.595
progress: 80.0 s, 871.9 tps, lat 9.741 ms stddev 27.310
progress: 81.0 s, 568.2 tps, lat 13.182 ms stddev 39.631
progress: 82.0 s, 536.7 tps, lat 15.208 ms stddev 36.181
progress: 83.0 s, 319.6 tps, lat 14.948 ms stddev 43.019
progress: 84.0 s, 44.1 tps, lat 20.903 ms stddev 38.322
progress: 85.0 s, 215.9 tps, lat 84.987 ms stddev 416.860
progress: 86.0 s, 518.8 tps, lat 15.042 ms stddev 40.980
progress: 87.0 s, 379.4 tps, lat 21.147 ms stddev 57.995
progress: 88.0 s, 436.0 tps, lat 18.794 ms stddev 49.905
progress: 89.0 s, 552.5 tps, lat 13.998 ms stddev 37.635
progress: 90.0 s, 702.1 tps, lat 11.677 ms stddev 31.936
progress: 91.0 s, 964.0 tps, lat 8.700 ms stddev 24.919
progress: 92.0 s, 723.4 tps, lat 10.076 ms stddev 26.589
progress: 93.0 s, 855.1 tps, lat 10.012 ms stddev 31.914
progress: 94.0 s, 726.9 tps, lat 10.630 ms stddev 32.436
progress: 95.0 s, 932.6 tps, lat 8.948 ms stddev 26.067
progress: 96.0 s, 678.0 tps, lat 11.326 ms stddev 34.342
progress: 97.0 s, 843.0 tps, lat 9.961 ms stddev 28.049
progress: 98.0 s, 784.1 tps, lat 9.579 ms stddev 30.409
progress: 99.0 s, 812.0 tps, lat 10.388 ms stddev 30.140
progress: 100.0 s, 891.4 tps, lat 8.900 ms stddev 25.921
transaction type: <builtin: TPC-B (sort of)>
scaling factor: 100
query mode: prepared
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 100 s
number of transactions actually processed: 41799
latency average = 19.157 ms
latency stddev = 89.105 ms
tps = 417.428278 (including connections establishing)
tps = 417.454607 (excluding connections establishing)

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