Re: Row pattern recognition

> On Fri, Sep 22, 2023, 3:13 AM Tatsuo Ishii <ishii@sraoss.co.jp> wrote:
> 
>> > Op 9/22/23 om 07:16 schreef Tatsuo Ishii:
>> >>> Attached is the fix against v6 patch. I will include this in upcoming
>> >>> v7 patch.
>> >> Attached is the v7 patch. It includes the fix mentioned above.  Also
>> > (Champion's address bounced; removed)
>>
>> On my side his adress bounced too:-<
>>
> 
> Yep. I'm still here, just lurking for now. It'll take a little time for me
> to get back to this thread, as my schedule has changed significantly. :D

Hope you get back soon...

By the way, I was thinking about eliminating recusrive calls in
pattern matching. Attached is the first cut of the implementation. In
the attached v8 patch:

- No recursive calls anymore. search_str_set_recurse was removed.

- Instead it generates all possible pattern variable name initial
  strings before pattern matching. Suppose we have "ab" (row 0) and
  "ac" (row 1). "a" and "b" represents the pattern variable names
  which are evaluated to true.  In this case it will generate "aa",
  "ac", "ba" and "bc" and they are examined by do_pattern_match one by
  one, which performs pattern matching.

- To implement this, an infrastructure string_set* are created. They
  take care of set of StringInfo.

I found that the previous implementation did not search all possible
cases. I believe the bug is fixed in v8.

Best reagards,
--
Tatsuo Ishii
SRA OSS LLC
English: http://www.sraoss.co.jp/index_en/
Japanese:http://www.sraoss.co.jp
From 281ee5c3eae85f96783422cb2f9987c3af8c8a68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tatsuo Ishii <ishii@postgresql.org>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:01:14 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v8 1/7] Row pattern recognition patch for raw parser.

---
 src/backend/parser/gram.y       | 222 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h  |  56 ++++++++
 src/include/parser/kwlist.h     |   8 ++
 src/include/parser/parse_node.h |   1 +
 4 files changed, 273 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 7d2032885e..74c2069050 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -251,6 +251,8 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
     DefElem       *defelt;
     SortBy       *sortby;
     WindowDef  *windef;
+    RPCommonSyntax    *rpcom;
+    RPSubsetItem    *rpsubset;
     JoinExpr   *jexpr;
     IndexElem  *ielem;
     StatsElem  *selem;
@@ -278,6 +280,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
     MergeWhenClause *mergewhen;
     struct KeyActions *keyactions;
     struct KeyAction *keyaction;
+    RPSkipTo    skipto;
 }
 
 %type <node>    stmt toplevel_stmt schema_stmt routine_body_stmt
@@ -453,8 +456,12 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
                 TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
                 vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
                 drop_option_list pub_obj_list
-
-%type <node>    opt_routine_body
+                row_pattern_measure_list row_pattern_definition_list
+                opt_row_pattern_subset_clause
+                row_pattern_subset_list row_pattern_subset_rhs
+                row_pattern
+%type <rpsubset>     row_pattern_subset_item
+%type <node>    opt_routine_body row_pattern_term
 %type <groupclause> group_clause
 %type <list>    group_by_list
 %type <node>    group_by_item empty_grouping_set rollup_clause cube_clause
@@ -551,6 +558,8 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 %type <range>    relation_expr_opt_alias
 %type <node>    tablesample_clause opt_repeatable_clause
 %type <target>    target_el set_target insert_column_item
+                row_pattern_measure_item row_pattern_definition
+%type <skipto>    first_or_last
 
 %type <str>        generic_option_name
 %type <node>    generic_option_arg
@@ -633,6 +642,9 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
 %type <list>    window_clause window_definition_list opt_partition_clause
 %type <windef>    window_definition over_clause window_specification
                 opt_frame_clause frame_extent frame_bound
+%type <rpcom>    opt_row_pattern_common_syntax opt_row_pattern_skip_to
+%type <boolean>    opt_row_pattern_initial_or_seek
+%type <list>    opt_row_pattern_measures
 %type <ival>    opt_window_exclusion_clause
 %type <str>        opt_existing_window_name
 %type <boolean> opt_if_not_exists
@@ -659,7 +671,6 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
                 json_object_constructor_null_clause_opt
                 json_array_constructor_null_clause_opt
 
-
 /*
  * Non-keyword token types.  These are hard-wired into the "flex" lexer.
  * They must be listed first so that their numeric codes do not depend on
@@ -702,7 +713,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
     CURRENT_TIME CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURRENT_USER CURSOR CYCLE
 
     DATA_P DATABASE DAY_P DEALLOCATE DEC DECIMAL_P DECLARE DEFAULT DEFAULTS
-    DEFERRABLE DEFERRED DEFINER DELETE_P DELIMITER DELIMITERS DEPENDS DEPTH DESC
+    DEFERRABLE DEFERRED DEFINE DEFINER DELETE_P DELIMITER DELIMITERS DEPENDS DEPTH DESC
     DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
     DOUBLE_P DROP
 
@@ -718,7 +729,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
     HANDLER HAVING HEADER_P HOLD HOUR_P
 
     IDENTITY_P IF_P ILIKE IMMEDIATE IMMUTABLE IMPLICIT_P IMPORT_P IN_P INCLUDE
-    INCLUDING INCREMENT INDENT INDEX INDEXES INHERIT INHERITS INITIALLY INLINE_P
+    INCLUDING INCREMENT INDENT INDEX INDEXES INHERIT INHERITS INITIAL INITIALLY INLINE_P
     INNER_P INOUT INPUT_P INSENSITIVE INSERT INSTEAD INT_P INTEGER
     INTERSECT INTERVAL INTO INVOKER IS ISNULL ISOLATION
 
@@ -731,7 +742,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
     LEADING LEAKPROOF LEAST LEFT LEVEL LIKE LIMIT LISTEN LOAD LOCAL
     LOCALTIME LOCALTIMESTAMP LOCATION LOCK_P LOCKED LOGGED
 
-    MAPPING MATCH MATCHED MATERIALIZED MAXVALUE MERGE METHOD
+    MAPPING MATCH MATCHED MATERIALIZED MAXVALUE MEASURES MERGE METHOD
     MINUTE_P MINVALUE MODE MONTH_P MOVE
 
     NAME_P NAMES NATIONAL NATURAL NCHAR NEW NEXT NFC NFD NFKC NFKD NO NONE
@@ -743,8 +754,8 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
     ORDER ORDINALITY OTHERS OUT_P OUTER_P
     OVER OVERLAPS OVERLAY OVERRIDING OWNED OWNER
 
-    PARALLEL PARAMETER PARSER PARTIAL PARTITION PASSING PASSWORD
-    PLACING PLANS POLICY
+    PARALLEL PARAMETER PARSER PARTIAL PARTITION PASSING PASSWORD PAST
+    PATTERN_P PERMUTE PLACING PLANS POLICY
     POSITION PRECEDING PRECISION PRESERVE PREPARE PREPARED PRIMARY
     PRIOR PRIVILEGES PROCEDURAL PROCEDURE PROCEDURES PROGRAM PUBLICATION
 
@@ -755,12 +766,13 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
     RESET RESTART RESTRICT RETURN RETURNING RETURNS REVOKE RIGHT ROLE ROLLBACK ROLLUP
     ROUTINE ROUTINES ROW ROWS RULE
 
-    SAVEPOINT SCALAR SCHEMA SCHEMAS SCROLL SEARCH SECOND_P SECURITY SELECT
+    SAVEPOINT SCALAR SCHEMA SCHEMAS SCROLL SEARCH SECOND_P SECURITY SEEK SELECT
     SEQUENCE SEQUENCES
+
     SERIALIZABLE SERVER SESSION SESSION_USER SET SETS SETOF SHARE SHOW
     SIMILAR SIMPLE SKIP SMALLINT SNAPSHOT SOME SQL_P STABLE STANDALONE_P
     START STATEMENT STATISTICS STDIN STDOUT STORAGE STORED STRICT_P STRIP_P
-    SUBSCRIPTION SUBSTRING SUPPORT SYMMETRIC SYSID SYSTEM_P SYSTEM_USER
+    SUBSCRIPTION SUBSET SUBSTRING SUPPORT SYMMETRIC SYSID SYSTEM_P SYSTEM_USER
 
     TABLE TABLES TABLESAMPLE TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPLATE TEMPORARY TEXT_P THEN
     TIES TIME TIMESTAMP TO TRAILING TRANSACTION TRANSFORM
@@ -853,6 +865,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
  */
 %nonassoc    UNBOUNDED        /* ideally would have same precedence as IDENT */
 %nonassoc    IDENT PARTITION RANGE ROWS GROUPS PRECEDING FOLLOWING CUBE ROLLUP
+%nonassoc    MEASURES AFTER INITIAL SEEK PATTERN_P
 %left        Op OPERATOR        /* multi-character ops and user-defined operators */
 %left        '+' '-'
 %left        '*' '/' '%'
@@ -15857,7 +15870,8 @@ over_clause: OVER window_specification
         ;
 
 window_specification: '(' opt_existing_window_name opt_partition_clause
-                        opt_sort_clause opt_frame_clause ')'
+                        opt_sort_clause opt_row_pattern_measures opt_frame_clause
+                        opt_row_pattern_common_syntax ')'
                 {
                     WindowDef  *n = makeNode(WindowDef);
 
@@ -15865,10 +15879,12 @@ window_specification: '(' opt_existing_window_name opt_partition_clause
                     n->refname = $2;
                     n->partitionClause = $3;
                     n->orderClause = $4;
+                    n->rowPatternMeasures = $5;
                     /* copy relevant fields of opt_frame_clause */
-                    n->frameOptions = $5->frameOptions;
-                    n->startOffset = $5->startOffset;
-                    n->endOffset = $5->endOffset;
+                    n->frameOptions = $6->frameOptions;
+                    n->startOffset = $6->startOffset;
+                    n->endOffset = $6->endOffset;
+                    n->rpCommonSyntax = $7;
                     n->location = @1;
                     $$ = n;
                 }
@@ -15892,6 +15908,31 @@ opt_partition_clause: PARTITION BY expr_list        { $$ = $3; }
             | /*EMPTY*/                                { $$ = NIL; }
         ;
 
+/*
+ * ROW PATTERN_P MEASURES
+ */
+opt_row_pattern_measures: MEASURES row_pattern_measure_list    { $$ = $2; }
+            | /*EMPTY*/                                { $$ = NIL; }
+        ;
+
+row_pattern_measure_list:
+            row_pattern_measure_item
+                    { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+            | row_pattern_measure_list ',' row_pattern_measure_item
+                    { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+        ;
+
+row_pattern_measure_item:
+            a_expr AS ColLabel
+                {
+                    $$ = makeNode(ResTarget);
+                    $$->name = $3;
+                    $$->indirection = NIL;
+                    $$->val = (Node *) $1;
+                    $$->location = @1;
+                }
+        ;
+
 /*
  * For frame clauses, we return a WindowDef, but only some fields are used:
  * frameOptions, startOffset, and endOffset.
@@ -16051,6 +16092,143 @@ opt_window_exclusion_clause:
             | /*EMPTY*/                { $$ = 0; }
         ;
 
+opt_row_pattern_common_syntax:
+opt_row_pattern_skip_to opt_row_pattern_initial_or_seek
+                PATTERN_P '(' row_pattern ')'
+                opt_row_pattern_subset_clause
+                DEFINE row_pattern_definition_list
+            {
+                RPCommonSyntax *n = makeNode(RPCommonSyntax);
+                n->rpSkipTo = $1->rpSkipTo;
+                n->rpSkipVariable = $1->rpSkipVariable;
+                n->initial = $2;
+                n->rpPatterns = $5;
+                n->rpSubsetClause = $7;
+                n->rpDefs = $9;
+                $$ = n;
+            }
+            | /*EMPTY*/        { $$ = NULL; }
+    ;
+
+opt_row_pattern_skip_to:
+            AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+                {
+                    RPCommonSyntax *n = makeNode(RPCommonSyntax);
+                    n->rpSkipTo = ST_NEXT_ROW;
+                    n->rpSkipVariable = NULL;
+                    $$ = n;
+            }
+            | AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST_P ROW
+                {
+                    RPCommonSyntax *n = makeNode(RPCommonSyntax);
+                    n->rpSkipTo = ST_PAST_LAST_ROW;
+                    n->rpSkipVariable = NULL;
+                    $$ = n;
+                }
+            | AFTER MATCH SKIP TO first_or_last ColId
+                {
+                    RPCommonSyntax *n = makeNode(RPCommonSyntax);
+                    n->rpSkipTo = $5;
+                    n->rpSkipVariable = $6;
+                    $$ = n;
+                }
+/*
+            | AFTER MATCH SKIP TO LAST_P ColId        %prec LAST_P
+                {
+                    RPCommonSyntax *n = makeNode(RPCommonSyntax);
+                    n->rpSkipTo = ST_LAST_VARIABLE;
+                    n->rpSkipVariable = $6;
+                    $$ = n;
+                }
+            | AFTER MATCH SKIP TO ColId
+                {
+                    RPCommonSyntax *n = makeNode(RPCommonSyntax);
+                    n->rpSkipTo = ST_VARIABLE;
+                    n->rpSkipVariable = $5;
+                    $$ = n;
+                }
+*/
+            | /*EMPTY*/
+                {
+                    RPCommonSyntax *n = makeNode(RPCommonSyntax);
+                    /* temporary set default to ST_NEXT_ROW */
+                    n->rpSkipTo = ST_PAST_LAST_ROW;
+                    n->rpSkipVariable = NULL;
+                    $$ = n;
+                }
+    ;
+
+first_or_last:
+            FIRST_P        { $$ = ST_FIRST_VARIABLE; }
+            | LAST_P    { $$ = ST_LAST_VARIABLE; }
+    ;
+
+opt_row_pattern_initial_or_seek:
+            INITIAL            { $$ = true; }
+            | SEEK
+                {
+                    ereport(ERROR,
+                            (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+                             errmsg("SEEK is not supported"),
+                             errhint("Use INITIAL."),
+                             parser_errposition(@1)));
+                }
+            | /*EMPTY*/        { $$ = true; }
+        ;
+
+row_pattern:
+            row_pattern_term                            { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+            | row_pattern row_pattern_term                { $$ = lappend($1, $2); }
+        ;
+
+row_pattern_term:
+            ColId    { $$ = (Node *) makeSimpleA_Expr(AEXPR_OP, "", (Node *)makeString($1), NULL, @1); }
+            | ColId '*'    { $$ = (Node *) makeSimpleA_Expr(AEXPR_OP, "*", (Node *)makeString($1), NULL, @1); }
+            | ColId '+'    { $$ = (Node *) makeSimpleA_Expr(AEXPR_OP, "+", (Node *)makeString($1), NULL, @1); }
+            | ColId '?'    { $$ = (Node *) makeSimpleA_Expr(AEXPR_OP, "?", (Node *)makeString($1), NULL, @1); }
+        ;
+
+opt_row_pattern_subset_clause:
+            SUBSET row_pattern_subset_list    { $$ = $2; }
+            | /*EMPTY*/                                                { $$ = NIL; }
+        ;
+
+row_pattern_subset_list:
+            row_pattern_subset_item                                    { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+            | row_pattern_subset_list ',' row_pattern_subset_item    { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+            | /*EMPTY*/                                                { $$ = NIL; }
+        ;
+
+row_pattern_subset_item: ColId '=' '(' row_pattern_subset_rhs ')'
+            {
+                RPSubsetItem *n = makeNode(RPSubsetItem);
+                n->name = $1;
+                n->rhsVariable = $4;
+                $$ = n;
+            }
+        ;
+
+row_pattern_subset_rhs:
+            ColId                                { $$ = list_make1(makeStringConst($1, @1)); }
+            | row_pattern_subset_rhs ',' ColId    { $$ = lappend($1, makeStringConst($3, @1)); }
+            | /*EMPTY*/                            { $$ = NIL; }
+        ;
+
+row_pattern_definition_list:
+            row_pattern_definition                                        { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+            | row_pattern_definition_list ',' row_pattern_definition    { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+        ;
+
+row_pattern_definition:
+            ColId AS a_expr
+                {
+                    $$ = makeNode(ResTarget);
+                    $$->name = $1;
+                    $$->indirection = NIL;
+                    $$->val = (Node *) $3;
+                    $$->location = @1;
+                }
+        ;
 
 /*
  * Supporting nonterminals for expressions.
@@ -17146,6 +17324,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
             | INDEXES
             | INHERIT
             | INHERITS
+            | INITIAL
             | INLINE_P
             | INPUT_P
             | INSENSITIVE
@@ -17173,6 +17352,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
             | MATCHED
             | MATERIALIZED
             | MAXVALUE
+            | MEASURES
             | MERGE
             | METHOD
             | MINUTE_P
@@ -17215,6 +17395,9 @@ unreserved_keyword:
             | PARTITION
             | PASSING
             | PASSWORD
+            | PAST
+            | PATTERN_P
+            | PERMUTE
             | PLANS
             | POLICY
             | PRECEDING
@@ -17265,6 +17448,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
             | SEARCH
             | SECOND_P
             | SECURITY
+            | SEEK
             | SEQUENCE
             | SEQUENCES
             | SERIALIZABLE
@@ -17290,6 +17474,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
             | STRICT_P
             | STRIP_P
             | SUBSCRIPTION
+            | SUBSET
             | SUPPORT
             | SYSID
             | SYSTEM_P
@@ -17477,6 +17662,7 @@ reserved_keyword:
             | CURRENT_USER
             | DEFAULT
             | DEFERRABLE
+            | DEFINE
             | DESC
             | DISTINCT
             | DO
@@ -17639,6 +17825,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
             | DEFAULTS
             | DEFERRABLE
             | DEFERRED
+            | DEFINE
             | DEFINER
             | DELETE_P
             | DELIMITER
@@ -17714,6 +17901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
             | INDEXES
             | INHERIT
             | INHERITS
+            | INITIAL
             | INITIALLY
             | INLINE_P
             | INNER_P
@@ -17763,6 +17951,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
             | MATCHED
             | MATERIALIZED
             | MAXVALUE
+            | MEASURES
             | MERGE
             | METHOD
             | MINVALUE
@@ -17816,6 +18005,9 @@ bare_label_keyword:
             | PARTITION
             | PASSING
             | PASSWORD
+            | PAST
+            | PATTERN_P
+            | PERMUTE
             | PLACING
             | PLANS
             | POLICY
@@ -17872,6 +18064,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
             | SCROLL
             | SEARCH
             | SECURITY
+            | SEEK
             | SELECT
             | SEQUENCE
             | SEQUENCES
@@ -17903,6 +18096,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
             | STRICT_P
             | STRIP_P
             | SUBSCRIPTION
+            | SUBSET
             | SUBSTRING
             | SUPPORT
             | SYMMETRIC
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index fef4c714b8..657651df1d 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -547,6 +547,44 @@ typedef struct SortBy
     int            location;        /* operator location, or -1 if none/unknown */
 } SortBy;
 
+/*
+ * AFTER MATCH row pattern skip to types in row pattern common syntax
+ */
+typedef enum RPSkipTo
+{
+    ST_NONE,                    /* AFTER MATCH omitted */
+    ST_NEXT_ROW,                /* SKIP TO NEXT ROW */
+    ST_PAST_LAST_ROW,            /* SKIP TO PAST LAST ROW */
+    ST_FIRST_VARIABLE,            /* SKIP TO FIRST variable name */
+    ST_LAST_VARIABLE,            /* SKIP TO LAST variable name */
+    ST_VARIABLE                    /* SKIP TO variable name */
+} RPSkipTo;
+
+/*
+ * Row Pattern SUBSET clause item
+ */
+typedef struct RPSubsetItem
+{
+    NodeTag        type;
+    char       *name;            /* Row Pattern SUBSET clause variable name */
+    List       *rhsVariable;    /* Row Pattern SUBSET rhs variables (list of char *string) */
+} RPSubsetItem;
+
+/*
+ * RowPatternCommonSyntax - raw representation of row pattern common syntax
+ *
+ */
+typedef struct RPCommonSyntax
+{
+    NodeTag        type;
+    RPSkipTo    rpSkipTo;        /* Row Pattern AFTER MATCH SKIP type */
+    char       *rpSkipVariable;    /* Row Pattern Skip To variable name, if any */
+    bool        initial;        /* true if <row pattern initial or seek> is initial */
+    List       *rpPatterns;        /* PATTERN variables (list of A_Expr) */
+    List       *rpSubsetClause;    /* row pattern subset clause (list of RPSubsetItem), if any */
+    List       *rpDefs;            /* row pattern definitions clause (list of ResTarget) */
+} RPCommonSyntax;
+
 /*
  * WindowDef - raw representation of WINDOW and OVER clauses
  *
@@ -562,6 +600,8 @@ typedef struct WindowDef
     char       *refname;        /* referenced window name, if any */
     List       *partitionClause;    /* PARTITION BY expression list */
     List       *orderClause;    /* ORDER BY (list of SortBy) */
+    List       *rowPatternMeasures;    /* row pattern measures (list of ResTarget) */
+    RPCommonSyntax *rpCommonSyntax;    /* row pattern common syntax */
     int            frameOptions;    /* frame_clause options, see below */
     Node       *startOffset;    /* expression for starting bound, if any */
     Node       *endOffset;        /* expression for ending bound, if any */
@@ -1483,6 +1523,11 @@ typedef struct GroupingSet
  * the orderClause might or might not be copied (see copiedOrder); the framing
  * options are never copied, per spec.
  *
+ * "defineClause" is Row Pattern Recognition DEFINE clause (list of
+ * TargetEntry). TargetEntry.resname represents row pattern definition
+ * variable name. "patternVariable" and "patternRegexp" represents PATTERN
+ * clause.
+ *
  * The information relevant for the query jumbling is the partition clause
  * type and its bounds.
  */
@@ -1514,6 +1559,17 @@ typedef struct WindowClause
     Index        winref;            /* ID referenced by window functions */
     /* did we copy orderClause from refname? */
     bool        copiedOrder pg_node_attr(query_jumble_ignore);
+    /* Row Pattern AFTER MACH SKIP clause */
+    RPSkipTo    rpSkipTo;        /* Row Pattern Skip To type */
+    bool        initial;        /* true if <row pattern initial or seek> is initial */
+    /* Row Pattern DEFINE clause (list of TargetEntry) */
+    List        *defineClause;
+    /* Row Pattern DEFINE variable initial names (list of String) */
+    List        *defineInitial;
+    /* Row Pattern PATTERN variable name (list of String) */
+    List        *patternVariable;
+    /* Row Pattern PATTERN regular expression quantifier ('+' or ''. list of String) */
+    List        *patternRegexp;
 } WindowClause;
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 5984dcfa4b..2804333b53 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -128,6 +128,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("default", DEFAULT, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("defaults", DEFAULTS, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("deferrable", DEFERRABLE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("deferred", DEFERRED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("define", DEFINE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("definer", DEFINER, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("delete", DELETE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("delimiter", DELIMITER, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
@@ -212,6 +213,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("index", INDEX, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("indexes", INDEXES, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("inherit", INHERIT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("inherits", INHERITS, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("initial", INITIAL, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("initially", INITIALLY, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("inline", INLINE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("inner", INNER_P, TYPE_FUNC_NAME_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
@@ -265,6 +267,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("match", MATCH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("matched", MATCHED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("materialized", MATERIALIZED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("maxvalue", MAXVALUE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("measures", MEASURES, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("merge", MERGE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("method", METHOD, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("minute", MINUTE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, AS_LABEL)
@@ -326,6 +329,9 @@ PG_KEYWORD("partial", PARTIAL, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("partition", PARTITION, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("passing", PASSING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("password", PASSWORD, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("past", PAST, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("pattern", PATTERN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("permute", PERMUTE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("placing", PLACING, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("plans", PLANS, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("policy", POLICY, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
@@ -385,6 +391,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("scroll", SCROLL, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("search", SEARCH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("second", SECOND_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, AS_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("security", SECURITY, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("seek", SEEK, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("select", SELECT, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("sequence", SEQUENCE, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("sequences", SEQUENCES, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
@@ -416,6 +423,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("stored", STORED, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("strict", STRICT_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("strip", STRIP_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("subscription", SUBSCRIPTION, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("subset", SUBSET, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("substring", SUBSTRING, COL_NAME_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("support", SUPPORT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
 PG_KEYWORD("symmetric", SYMMETRIC, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/parser/parse_node.h b/src/include/parser/parse_node.h
index f589112d5e..6640090910 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/parse_node.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/parse_node.h
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ typedef enum ParseExprKind
     EXPR_KIND_WINDOW_FRAME_RANGE,    /* window frame clause with RANGE */
     EXPR_KIND_WINDOW_FRAME_ROWS,    /* window frame clause with ROWS */
     EXPR_KIND_WINDOW_FRAME_GROUPS,    /* window frame clause with GROUPS */
+    EXPR_KIND_RPR_DEFINE,        /* DEFINE */
     EXPR_KIND_SELECT_TARGET,    /* SELECT target list item */
     EXPR_KIND_INSERT_TARGET,    /* INSERT target list item */
     EXPR_KIND_UPDATE_SOURCE,    /* UPDATE assignment source item */
-- 
2.25.1

From 900a9d5d9f97c36659dc1e0b7051140ac79f41ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tatsuo Ishii <ishii@postgresql.org>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:01:14 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v8 2/7] Row pattern recognition patch (parse/analysis).

---
 src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c    |   7 +
 src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c | 293 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c   |   4 +
 src/backend/parser/parse_func.c   |   3 +
 4 files changed, 306 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
index 85cd47b7ae..aa7a1cee80 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c
@@ -564,6 +564,10 @@ check_agglevels_and_constraints(ParseState *pstate, Node *expr)
             errkind = true;
             break;
 
+        case EXPR_KIND_RPR_DEFINE:
+            errkind = true;
+            break;
+
             /*
              * There is intentionally no default: case here, so that the
              * compiler will warn if we add a new ParseExprKind without
@@ -953,6 +957,9 @@ transformWindowFuncCall(ParseState *pstate, WindowFunc *wfunc,
         case EXPR_KIND_CYCLE_MARK:
             errkind = true;
             break;
+        case EXPR_KIND_RPR_DEFINE:
+            errkind = true;
+            break;
 
             /*
              * There is intentionally no default: case here, so that the
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c
index 334b9b42bd..293d4b1680 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c
@@ -100,7 +100,10 @@ static WindowClause *findWindowClause(List *wclist, const char *name);
 static Node *transformFrameOffset(ParseState *pstate, int frameOptions,
                                   Oid rangeopfamily, Oid rangeopcintype, Oid *inRangeFunc,
                                   Node *clause);
-
+static void transformRPR(ParseState *pstate, WindowClause *wc, WindowDef *windef, List **targetlist);
+static List *transformDefineClause(ParseState *pstate, WindowClause *wc, WindowDef *windef, List **targetlist);
+static void transformPatternClause(ParseState *pstate, WindowClause *wc, WindowDef *windef);
+static List *transformMeasureClause(ParseState *pstate, WindowClause *wc, WindowDef *windef);
 
 /*
  * transformFromClause -
@@ -2950,6 +2953,10 @@ transformWindowDefinitions(ParseState *pstate,
                                              rangeopfamily, rangeopcintype,
                                              &wc->endInRangeFunc,
                                              windef->endOffset);
+
+        /* Process Row Pattern Recognition related clauses */
+        transformRPR(pstate, wc, windef, targetlist);
+
         wc->runCondition = NIL;
         wc->winref = winref;
 
@@ -3815,3 +3822,287 @@ transformFrameOffset(ParseState *pstate, int frameOptions,
 
     return node;
 }
+
+/*
+ * transformRPR
+ *        Process Row Pattern Recognition related clauses
+ */
+static void
+transformRPR(ParseState *pstate, WindowClause *wc, WindowDef *windef, List **targetlist)
+{
+    /*
+     * Window definition exists?
+     */
+    if (windef == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    /*
+     * Row Pattern Common Syntax clause exists?
+     */
+    if (windef->rpCommonSyntax == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    /* Check Frame option. Frame must start at current row */
+    if ((wc->frameOptions & FRAMEOPTION_START_CURRENT_ROW) == 0)
+        ereport(ERROR,
+                (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+                 errmsg("FRAME must start at current row when row patttern recognition is used")));
+
+    /* Transform AFTER MACH SKIP TO clause */
+    wc->rpSkipTo = windef->rpCommonSyntax->rpSkipTo;
+
+    /* Transform SEEK or INITIAL clause */
+    wc->initial = windef->rpCommonSyntax->initial;
+
+    /* Transform DEFINE clause into list of TargetEntry's */
+    wc->defineClause = transformDefineClause(pstate, wc, windef, targetlist);
+
+    /* Check PATTERN clause and copy to patternClause */
+    transformPatternClause(pstate, wc, windef);
+
+    /* Transform MEASURE clause */
+    transformMeasureClause(pstate, wc, windef);
+}
+
+/*
+ * transformDefineClause Process DEFINE clause and transform ResTarget into
+ *        list of TargetEntry.
+ *
+ * XXX we only support column reference in row pattern definition search
+ * condition, e.g. "price". <row pattern definition variable name>.<column
+ * reference> is not supported, e.g. "A.price".
+ */
+static List *
+transformDefineClause(ParseState *pstate, WindowClause *wc, WindowDef *windef, List **targetlist)
+{
+    /* DEFINE variable name initials */
+    static    char    *defineVariableInitials = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+
+    ListCell        *lc, *l;
+    ResTarget        *restarget, *r;
+    List            *restargets;
+    char            *name;
+    int                initialLen;
+    int                i;
+
+    /*
+     * If Row Definition Common Syntax exists, DEFINE clause must exist.
+     * (the raw parser should have already checked it.)
+     */
+    Assert(windef->rpCommonSyntax->rpDefs != NULL);
+
+    /*
+     * Check and add "A AS A IS TRUE" if pattern variable is missing in DEFINE
+     * per the SQL standard.
+     */
+    restargets = NIL;
+    foreach(lc, windef->rpCommonSyntax->rpPatterns)
+    {
+        A_Expr    *a;
+        bool    found = false;
+
+        if (!IsA(lfirst(lc), A_Expr))
+            ereport(ERROR,
+                    errmsg("node type is not A_Expr"));
+
+        a = (A_Expr *)lfirst(lc);
+        name = strVal(a->lexpr);
+
+        foreach(l, windef->rpCommonSyntax->rpDefs)
+        {
+            restarget = (ResTarget *)lfirst(l);
+
+            if (!strcmp(restarget->name, name))
+            {
+                found = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!found)
+        {
+            /*
+             * "name" is missing. So create "name AS name IS TRUE" ResTarget
+             * node and add it to the temporary list.
+             */
+            A_Const       *n;
+
+            restarget = makeNode(ResTarget);
+            n = makeNode(A_Const);
+            n->val.boolval.type = T_Boolean;
+            n->val.boolval.boolval = true;
+            n->location = -1;
+            restarget->name = pstrdup(name);
+            restarget->indirection = NIL;
+            restarget->val = (Node *)n;
+            restarget->location = -1;
+            restargets = lappend((List *)restargets, restarget);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (list_length(restargets) >= 1)
+    {
+        /* add missing DEFINEs */
+        windef->rpCommonSyntax->rpDefs = list_concat(windef->rpCommonSyntax->rpDefs,
+                                                     restargets);
+        list_free(restargets);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Check for duplicate row pattern definition variables.  The standard
+     * requires that no two row pattern definition variable names shall be
+     * equivalent.
+     */
+    restargets = NIL;
+    foreach(lc, windef->rpCommonSyntax->rpDefs)
+    {
+        restarget = (ResTarget *)lfirst(lc);
+        name = restarget->name;
+
+        /*
+         * Add DEFINE expression (Restarget->val) to the targetlist as a
+         * TargetEntry if it does not exist yet. Planner will add the column
+         * ref var node to the outer plan's target list later on. This makes
+         * DEFINE expression could access the outer tuple while evaluating
+         * PATTERN.
+         *
+         * XXX: adding whole expressions of DEFINE to the plan.targetlist is
+         * not so good, because it's not necessary to evalute the expression
+         * in the target list while running the plan. We should extract the
+         * var nodes only then add them to the plan.targetlist.
+         */
+        findTargetlistEntrySQL99(pstate, (Node *)restarget->val, targetlist, EXPR_KIND_RPR_DEFINE);
+
+        /*
+         * Make sure that the row pattern definition search condition is a
+         * boolean expression.
+         */
+        transformWhereClause(pstate, restarget->val,
+                             EXPR_KIND_RPR_DEFINE, "DEFINE");
+
+        foreach(l, restargets)
+        {
+            char        *n;
+
+            r = (ResTarget *) lfirst(l);
+            n = r->name;
+
+            if (!strcmp(n, name))
+                ereport(ERROR,
+                        (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+                         errmsg("row pattern definition variable name \"%s\" appears more than once in DEFINE
clause",
+                                name),
+                         parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation((Node *)r))));
+        }
+        restargets = lappend(restargets, restarget);
+    }
+    list_free(restargets);
+
+    /*
+     * Create list of row pattern DEFINE variable name's initial.
+     * We assign [a-z] to them (up to 26 variable names are allowed).
+     */
+    restargets = NIL;
+    i = 0;
+    initialLen = strlen(defineVariableInitials);
+
+    foreach(lc, windef->rpCommonSyntax->rpDefs)
+    {
+        char    initial[2];
+
+        restarget = (ResTarget *)lfirst(lc);
+        name = restarget->name;
+
+        if (i >= initialLen)
+        {
+            ereport(ERROR,
+                    (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+                     errmsg("number of row pattern definition variable names exceeds %d", initialLen),
+                     parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation((Node *)restarget))));
+        }
+        initial[0] = defineVariableInitials[i++];
+        initial[1] = '\0';
+        wc->defineInitial = lappend(wc->defineInitial, makeString(pstrdup(initial)));
+    }
+
+    return transformTargetList(pstate, windef->rpCommonSyntax->rpDefs,
+                               EXPR_KIND_RPR_DEFINE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * transformPatternClause
+ *        Process PATTERN clause and return PATTERN clause in the raw parse tree
+ */
+static void
+transformPatternClause(ParseState *pstate, WindowClause *wc, WindowDef *windef)
+{
+    ListCell    *lc, *l;
+
+    /*
+     * Row Pattern Common Syntax clause exists?
+     */
+    if (windef->rpCommonSyntax == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    /*
+     * Primary row pattern variable names in PATTERN clause must appear in
+     * DEFINE clause as row pattern definition variable names.
+     */
+    wc->patternVariable = NIL;
+    wc->patternRegexp = NIL;
+    foreach(lc, windef->rpCommonSyntax->rpPatterns)
+    {
+        A_Expr    *a;
+        char    *name;
+        char    *regexp;
+        bool    found = false;
+
+        if (!IsA(lfirst(lc), A_Expr))
+            ereport(ERROR,
+                    errmsg("node type is not A_Expr"));
+
+        a = (A_Expr *)lfirst(lc);
+        name = strVal(a->lexpr);
+
+        foreach(l, windef->rpCommonSyntax->rpDefs)
+        {
+            ResTarget    *restarget = (ResTarget *)lfirst(l);
+
+            if (!strcmp(restarget->name, name))
+            {
+                found = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!found)
+        {
+            ereport(ERROR,
+                    (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+                     errmsg("primary row pattern variable name \"%s\" does not appear in DEFINE clause",
+                            name),
+                     parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation((Node *)a))));
+        }
+        wc->patternVariable = lappend(wc->patternVariable, makeString(pstrdup(name)));
+        regexp = strVal(lfirst(list_head(a->name)));
+        wc->patternRegexp = lappend(wc->patternRegexp, makeString(pstrdup(regexp)));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * transformMeasureClause
+ *        Process MEASURE clause
+ *    XXX MEASURE clause is not supported yet
+ */
+static List *
+transformMeasureClause(ParseState *pstate, WindowClause *wc, WindowDef *windef)
+{
+    if (windef->rowPatternMeasures == NIL)
+        return NIL;
+
+    ereport(ERROR,
+            (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+             errmsg("%s","MEASURE clause is not supported yet"),
+             parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation((Node *)windef->rowPatternMeasures))));
+    return NIL;
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c
index 64c582c344..18b58ac263 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c
@@ -557,6 +557,7 @@ transformColumnRef(ParseState *pstate, ColumnRef *cref)
         case EXPR_KIND_COPY_WHERE:
         case EXPR_KIND_GENERATED_COLUMN:
         case EXPR_KIND_CYCLE_MARK:
+        case EXPR_KIND_RPR_DEFINE:
             /* okay */
             break;
 
@@ -1770,6 +1771,7 @@ transformSubLink(ParseState *pstate, SubLink *sublink)
         case EXPR_KIND_VALUES:
         case EXPR_KIND_VALUES_SINGLE:
         case EXPR_KIND_CYCLE_MARK:
+        case EXPR_KIND_RPR_DEFINE:
             /* okay */
             break;
         case EXPR_KIND_CHECK_CONSTRAINT:
@@ -3149,6 +3151,8 @@ ParseExprKindName(ParseExprKind exprKind)
             return "GENERATED AS";
         case EXPR_KIND_CYCLE_MARK:
             return "CYCLE";
+        case EXPR_KIND_RPR_DEFINE:
+            return "DEFINE";
 
             /*
              * There is intentionally no default: case here, so that the
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_func.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_func.c
index b3f0b6a137..2ff3699538 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_func.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_func.c
@@ -2656,6 +2656,9 @@ check_srf_call_placement(ParseState *pstate, Node *last_srf, int location)
         case EXPR_KIND_CYCLE_MARK:
             errkind = true;
             break;
+        case EXPR_KIND_RPR_DEFINE:
+            errkind = true;
+            break;
 
             /*
              * There is intentionally no default: case here, so that the
-- 
2.25.1

From 77798c25a7977584d856578ea22b61a8cade8f20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tatsuo Ishii <ishii@postgresql.org>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:01:14 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v8 3/7] Row pattern recognition patch (planner).

---
 src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c | 23 ++++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/optimizer/plan/setrefs.c    | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/nodes/plannodes.h           | 15 +++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c
index 34ca6d4ac2..469fcd156b 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c
@@ -286,9 +286,10 @@ static WindowAgg *make_windowagg(List *tlist, Index winref,
                                  int ordNumCols, AttrNumber *ordColIdx, Oid *ordOperators, Oid *ordCollations,
                                  int frameOptions, Node *startOffset, Node *endOffset,
                                  Oid startInRangeFunc, Oid endInRangeFunc,
-                                 Oid inRangeColl, bool inRangeAsc, bool inRangeNullsFirst,
-                                 List *runCondition, List *qual, bool topWindow,
-                                 Plan *lefttree);
+                                 Oid inRangeColl, bool inRangeAsc, bool inRangeNullsFirst, List *runCondition,
+                                 RPSkipTo rpSkipTo, List *patternVariable, List *patternRegexp, List *defineClause,
+                                 List *defineInitial,
+                                 List *qual, bool topWindow, Plan *lefttree);
 static Group *make_group(List *tlist, List *qual, int numGroupCols,
                          AttrNumber *grpColIdx, Oid *grpOperators, Oid *grpCollations,
                          Plan *lefttree);
@@ -2698,6 +2699,11 @@ create_windowagg_plan(PlannerInfo *root, WindowAggPath *best_path)
                           wc->inRangeAsc,
                           wc->inRangeNullsFirst,
                           wc->runCondition,
+                          wc->rpSkipTo,
+                          wc->patternVariable,
+                          wc->patternRegexp,
+                          wc->defineClause,
+                          wc->defineInitial,
                           best_path->qual,
                           best_path->topwindow,
                           subplan);
@@ -6601,8 +6607,10 @@ make_windowagg(List *tlist, Index winref,
                int ordNumCols, AttrNumber *ordColIdx, Oid *ordOperators, Oid *ordCollations,
                int frameOptions, Node *startOffset, Node *endOffset,
                Oid startInRangeFunc, Oid endInRangeFunc,
-               Oid inRangeColl, bool inRangeAsc, bool inRangeNullsFirst,
-               List *runCondition, List *qual, bool topWindow, Plan *lefttree)
+               Oid inRangeColl, bool inRangeAsc, bool inRangeNullsFirst, List *runCondition,
+               RPSkipTo rpSkipTo, List *patternVariable, List *patternRegexp, List *defineClause,
+               List *defineInitial,
+               List *qual, bool topWindow, Plan *lefttree)
 {
     WindowAgg  *node = makeNode(WindowAgg);
     Plan       *plan = &node->plan;
@@ -6628,6 +6636,11 @@ make_windowagg(List *tlist, Index winref,
     node->inRangeAsc = inRangeAsc;
     node->inRangeNullsFirst = inRangeNullsFirst;
     node->topWindow = topWindow;
+    node->rpSkipTo = rpSkipTo,
+    node->patternVariable = patternVariable;
+    node->patternRegexp = patternRegexp;
+    node->defineClause = defineClause;
+    node->defineInitial = defineInitial;
 
     plan->targetlist = tlist;
     plan->lefttree = lefttree;
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/setrefs.c b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/setrefs.c
index 5700bfb5cd..648bf5a425 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/setrefs.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/setrefs.c
@@ -2456,6 +2456,29 @@ set_upper_references(PlannerInfo *root, Plan *plan, int rtoffset)
                        NRM_EQUAL,
                        NUM_EXEC_QUAL(plan));
 
+    /*
+     *    Modifies an expression tree in each DEFINE clause so that all Var
+     *    nodes reference outputs of a subplan.
+     */
+    if (IsA(plan, WindowAgg))
+    {
+        WindowAgg  *wplan = (WindowAgg *) plan;
+
+        foreach(l, wplan->defineClause)
+        {
+            TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(l);
+
+            tle->expr = (Expr *)
+                fix_upper_expr(root,
+                               (Node *) tle->expr,
+                               subplan_itlist,
+                               OUTER_VAR,
+                               rtoffset,
+                               NRM_EQUAL,
+                               NUM_EXEC_QUAL(plan));
+        }
+    }
+
     pfree(subplan_itlist);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h b/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
index 1b787fe031..afa27bb45a 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
@@ -1096,6 +1096,21 @@ typedef struct WindowAgg
     /* nulls sort first for in_range tests? */
     bool        inRangeNullsFirst;
 
+    /* Row Pattern Recognition AFTER MACH SKIP clause */
+    RPSkipTo    rpSkipTo;        /* Row Pattern Skip To type */
+
+    /* Row Pattern PATTERN variable name (list of String) */
+    List        *patternVariable;
+
+    /* Row Pattern RPATTERN regular expression quantifier ('+' or ''. list of String) */
+    List        *patternRegexp;
+
+    /* Row Pattern DEFINE clause (list of TargetEntry) */
+    List       *defineClause;
+
+    /* Row Pattern DEFINE variable initial names (list of String) */
+    List        *defineInitial;
+
     /*
      * false for all apart from the WindowAgg that's closest to the root of
      * the plan
-- 
2.25.1

From a649c0f1cdb4e9d3d541e76a4def5d2194e71929 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tatsuo Ishii <ishii@postgresql.org>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:01:14 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v8 4/7] Row pattern recognition patch (executor).

---
 src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c | 1024 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/windowfuncs.c  |   37 +-
 src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat      |    6 +
 src/include/nodes/execnodes.h        |   26 +
 4 files changed, 1080 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c b/src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c
index 310ac23e3a..5f2dfdf943 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/nodeWindowAgg.c
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include "access/htup_details.h"
 #include "catalog/objectaccess.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_aggregate.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_collation_d.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
 #include "executor/executor.h"
 #include "executor/nodeWindowAgg.h"
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
 #include "utils/acl.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/datum.h"
+#include "utils/fmgroids.h"
 #include "utils/expandeddatum.h"
 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
@@ -159,6 +161,12 @@ typedef struct WindowStatePerAggData
     bool        restart;        /* need to restart this agg in this cycle? */
 } WindowStatePerAggData;
 
+typedef struct StringSet {
+    StringInfo    *str_set;
+    Size        set_size;    /* current array allocation size in number of items */
+    int            set_index;    /* current used size */
+} StringSet;
+
 static void initialize_windowaggregate(WindowAggState *winstate,
                                        WindowStatePerFunc perfuncstate,
                                        WindowStatePerAgg peraggstate);
@@ -182,8 +190,9 @@ static void begin_partition(WindowAggState *winstate);
 static void spool_tuples(WindowAggState *winstate, int64 pos);
 static void release_partition(WindowAggState *winstate);
 
-static int    row_is_in_frame(WindowAggState *winstate, int64 pos,
+static int  row_is_in_frame(WindowAggState *winstate, int64 pos,
                             TupleTableSlot *slot);
+
 static void update_frameheadpos(WindowAggState *winstate);
 static void update_frametailpos(WindowAggState *winstate);
 static void update_grouptailpos(WindowAggState *winstate);
@@ -195,9 +204,37 @@ static Datum GetAggInitVal(Datum textInitVal, Oid transtype);
 
 static bool are_peers(WindowAggState *winstate, TupleTableSlot *slot1,
                       TupleTableSlot *slot2);
-static bool window_gettupleslot(WindowObject winobj, int64 pos,
-                                TupleTableSlot *slot);
 
+static int    WinGetSlotInFrame(WindowObject winobj, TupleTableSlot *slot,
+                              int relpos, int seektype, bool set_mark,
+                              bool *isnull, bool *isout);
+static bool window_gettupleslot(WindowObject winobj, int64 pos, TupleTableSlot *slot);
+
+static void attno_map(Node *node);
+static bool attno_map_walker(Node *node, void *context);
+static int    row_is_in_reduced_frame(WindowObject winobj, int64 pos);
+static bool rpr_is_defined(WindowAggState *winstate);
+
+static void create_reduced_frame_map(WindowAggState *winstate);
+static int    get_reduced_frame_map(WindowAggState *winstate, int64 pos);
+static void register_reduced_frame_map(WindowAggState *winstate, int64 pos, int val);
+static void clear_reduced_frame_map(WindowAggState *winstate);
+static void update_reduced_frame(WindowObject winobj, int64 pos);
+
+static int64 evaluate_pattern(WindowObject winobj, int64 current_pos,
+                              char *vname, StringInfo encoded_str, bool *result);
+
+static bool get_slots(WindowObject winobj, int64 current_pos);
+
+static int    search_str_set(char *pattern, StringSet *str_set);
+static char    pattern_initial(WindowAggState *winstate, char *vname);
+static int do_pattern_match(char *pattern, char *encoded_str);
+
+static StringSet *string_set_init(void);
+static void string_set_add(StringSet *string_set, StringInfo str);
+static StringInfo string_set_get(StringSet *string_set, int index);
+static int string_set_get_size(StringSet *string_set);
+static void string_set_discard(StringSet *string_set);
 
 /*
  * initialize_windowaggregate
@@ -673,6 +710,7 @@ eval_windowaggregates(WindowAggState *winstate)
     WindowObject agg_winobj;
     TupleTableSlot *agg_row_slot;
     TupleTableSlot *temp_slot;
+    bool        agg_result_isnull;
 
     numaggs = winstate->numaggs;
     if (numaggs == 0)
@@ -778,6 +816,9 @@ eval_windowaggregates(WindowAggState *winstate)
      * Note that we don't strictly need to restart in the last case, but if
      * we're going to remove all rows from the aggregation anyway, a restart
      * surely is faster.
+     *
+     *   - if RPR is enabled and skip mode is SKIP TO NEXT ROW,
+     *     we restart aggregation too.
      *----------
      */
     numaggs_restart = 0;
@@ -788,8 +829,11 @@ eval_windowaggregates(WindowAggState *winstate)
             (winstate->aggregatedbase != winstate->frameheadpos &&
              !OidIsValid(peraggstate->invtransfn_oid)) ||
             (winstate->frameOptions & FRAMEOPTION_EXCLUSION) ||
-            winstate->aggregatedupto <= winstate->frameheadpos)
+            winstate->aggregatedupto <= winstate->frameheadpos ||
+            (rpr_is_defined(winstate) &&
+             winstate->rpSkipTo == ST_NEXT_ROW))
         {
+            elog(DEBUG1, "peraggstate->restart is set");
             peraggstate->restart = true;
             numaggs_restart++;
         }
@@ -861,8 +905,10 @@ eval_windowaggregates(WindowAggState *winstate)
      * If we created a mark pointer for aggregates, keep it pushed up to frame
      * head, so that tuplestore can discard unnecessary rows.
      */
+#ifdef NOT_USED
     if (agg_winobj->markptr >= 0)
         WinSetMarkPosition(agg_winobj, winstate->frameheadpos);
+#endif
 
     /*
      * Now restart the aggregates that require it.
@@ -917,6 +963,29 @@ eval_windowaggregates(WindowAggState *winstate)
     {
         winstate->aggregatedupto = winstate->frameheadpos;
         ExecClearTuple(agg_row_slot);
+
+        /*
+         * If RPR is defined, we do not use aggregatedupto_nonrestarted.  To
+         * avoid assertion failure below, we reset aggregatedupto_nonrestarted
+         * to frameheadpos.
+         */
+        if (rpr_is_defined(winstate))
+            aggregatedupto_nonrestarted = winstate->frameheadpos;
+    }
+
+    agg_result_isnull = false;
+    /* RPR is defined? */
+    if (rpr_is_defined(winstate))
+    {
+        /*
+         * If the skip mode is SKIP TO PAST LAST ROW and we already know that
+         * current row is a skipped row, we don't need to accumulate rows,
+         * just return NULL. Note that for unamtched row, we need to do
+         * aggregation so that count(*) shows 0, rather than NULL.
+         */
+        if (winstate->rpSkipTo == ST_PAST_LAST_ROW &&
+            get_reduced_frame_map(winstate, winstate->currentpos) == RF_SKIPPED)
+            agg_result_isnull = true;
     }
 
     /*
@@ -930,6 +999,11 @@ eval_windowaggregates(WindowAggState *winstate)
     {
         int            ret;
 
+        elog(DEBUG1, "===== loop in frame starts: " INT64_FORMAT, winstate->aggregatedupto);
+
+        if (agg_result_isnull)
+            break;
+
         /* Fetch next row if we didn't already */
         if (TupIsNull(agg_row_slot))
         {
@@ -945,9 +1019,28 @@ eval_windowaggregates(WindowAggState *winstate)
         ret = row_is_in_frame(winstate, winstate->aggregatedupto, agg_row_slot);
         if (ret < 0)
             break;
+
         if (ret == 0)
             goto next_tuple;
 
+        if (rpr_is_defined(winstate))
+        {
+            /*
+             * If the row status at currentpos is already decided and current
+             * row status is not decided yet, it means we passed the last
+             * reduced frame. Time to break the loop.
+             */
+            if (get_reduced_frame_map(winstate, winstate->currentpos) != RF_NOT_DETERMINED &&
+                get_reduced_frame_map(winstate, winstate->aggregatedupto) == RF_NOT_DETERMINED)
+                break;
+            /*
+             * Otherwise we need to calculate the reduced frame.
+             */
+            ret = row_is_in_reduced_frame(winstate->agg_winobj, winstate->aggregatedupto);
+            if (ret == -1)    /* unmatched row */
+                break;
+        }
+
         /* Set tuple context for evaluation of aggregate arguments */
         winstate->tmpcontext->ecxt_outertuple = agg_row_slot;
 
@@ -976,6 +1069,7 @@ next_tuple:
         ExecClearTuple(agg_row_slot);
     }
 
+
     /* The frame's end is not supposed to move backwards, ever */
     Assert(aggregatedupto_nonrestarted <= winstate->aggregatedupto);
 
@@ -996,6 +1090,16 @@ next_tuple:
                                  peraggstate,
                                  result, isnull);
 
+        /*
+         * RPR is defined and we just return NULL because skip mode is SKIP
+         * TO PAST LAST ROW and current row is skipped row.
+         */
+        if (agg_result_isnull)
+        {
+            *isnull = true;
+            *result = (Datum) 0;
+        }
+
         /*
          * save the result in case next row shares the same frame.
          *
@@ -1090,6 +1194,7 @@ begin_partition(WindowAggState *winstate)
     winstate->framehead_valid = false;
     winstate->frametail_valid = false;
     winstate->grouptail_valid = false;
+    create_reduced_frame_map(winstate);
     winstate->spooled_rows = 0;
     winstate->currentpos = 0;
     winstate->frameheadpos = 0;
@@ -2053,6 +2158,8 @@ ExecWindowAgg(PlanState *pstate)
 
     CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 
+    elog(DEBUG1, "ExecWindowAgg called. pos: " INT64_FORMAT , winstate->currentpos);
+
     if (winstate->status == WINDOWAGG_DONE)
         return NULL;
 
@@ -2221,6 +2328,17 @@ ExecWindowAgg(PlanState *pstate)
         /* don't evaluate the window functions when we're in pass-through mode */
         if (winstate->status == WINDOWAGG_RUN)
         {
+            /*
+             * If RPR is defined and skip mode is next row, we need to clear existing
+             * reduced frame info so that we newly calculate the info starting from
+             * current row.
+             */
+            if (rpr_is_defined(winstate))
+            {
+                if (winstate->rpSkipTo == ST_NEXT_ROW)
+                    clear_reduced_frame_map(winstate);
+            }
+
             /*
              * Evaluate true window functions
              */
@@ -2388,6 +2506,9 @@ ExecInitWindowAgg(WindowAgg *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
     TupleDesc    scanDesc;
     ListCell   *l;
 
+    TargetEntry    *te;
+    Expr        *expr;
+
     /* check for unsupported flags */
     Assert(!(eflags & (EXEC_FLAG_BACKWARD | EXEC_FLAG_MARK)));
 
@@ -2483,6 +2604,16 @@ ExecInitWindowAgg(WindowAgg *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
     winstate->temp_slot_2 = ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate, scanDesc,
                                                    &TTSOpsMinimalTuple);
 
+    winstate->prev_slot = ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate, scanDesc,
+                                                 &TTSOpsMinimalTuple);
+
+    winstate->next_slot = ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate, scanDesc,
+                                                 &TTSOpsMinimalTuple);
+
+    winstate->null_slot = ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate, scanDesc,
+                                                 &TTSOpsMinimalTuple);
+    winstate->null_slot = ExecStoreAllNullTuple(winstate->null_slot);
+
     /*
      * create frame head and tail slots only if needed (must create slots in
      * exactly the same cases that update_frameheadpos and update_frametailpos
@@ -2667,6 +2798,39 @@ ExecInitWindowAgg(WindowAgg *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
     winstate->inRangeAsc = node->inRangeAsc;
     winstate->inRangeNullsFirst = node->inRangeNullsFirst;
 
+    /* Set up SKIP TO type */
+    winstate->rpSkipTo = node->rpSkipTo;
+    /* Set up row pattern recognition PATTERN clause */
+    winstate->patternVariableList = node->patternVariable;
+    winstate->patternRegexpList = node->patternRegexp;
+
+    /* Set up row pattern recognition DEFINE clause */
+    winstate->defineInitial = node->defineInitial;
+    winstate->defineVariableList = NIL;
+    winstate->defineClauseList = NIL;
+    if (node->defineClause != NIL)
+    {
+        /*
+         * Tweak arg var of PREV/NEXT so that it refers to scan/inner slot.
+         */
+        foreach(l, node->defineClause)
+        {
+            char        *name;
+            ExprState    *exps;
+
+            te = lfirst(l);
+            name = te->resname;
+            expr = te->expr;
+
+            elog(DEBUG1, "defineVariable name: %s", name);
+            winstate->defineVariableList = lappend(winstate->defineVariableList,
+                                                   makeString(pstrdup(name)));
+            attno_map((Node *)expr);
+            exps = ExecInitExpr(expr, (PlanState *) winstate);
+            winstate->defineClauseList = lappend(winstate->defineClauseList, exps);
+        }
+    }
+
     winstate->all_first = true;
     winstate->partition_spooled = false;
     winstate->more_partitions = false;
@@ -2674,6 +2838,57 @@ ExecInitWindowAgg(WindowAgg *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
     return winstate;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Rewrite varno of Var node that is the argument of PREV/NET so that it sees
+ * scan tuple (PREV) or inner tuple (NEXT).
+ */
+static void
+attno_map(Node *node)
+{
+    (void) expression_tree_walker(node, attno_map_walker, NULL);
+}
+
+static bool
+attno_map_walker(Node *node, void *context)
+{
+    FuncExpr    *func;
+    int            nargs;
+    Expr        *expr;
+    Var            *var;
+
+    if (node == NULL)
+        return false;
+
+    if (IsA(node, FuncExpr))
+    {
+        func = (FuncExpr *)node;
+
+        if (func->funcid == F_PREV || func->funcid == F_NEXT)
+        {
+            /* sanity check */
+            nargs = list_length(func->args);
+            if (list_length(func->args) != 1)
+                elog(ERROR, "PREV/NEXT must have 1 argument but function %d has %d args", func->funcid, nargs);
+
+            expr = (Expr *) lfirst(list_head(func->args));
+            if (!IsA(expr, Var))
+                elog(ERROR, "PREV/NEXT's arg is not Var");    /* XXX: is it possible that arg type is Const? */
+            var = (Var *)expr;
+
+            if (func->funcid == F_PREV)
+                /*
+                 * Rewrite varno from OUTER_VAR to regular var no so that the
+                 * var references scan tuple.
+                 */
+                var->varno = var->varnosyn;
+            else
+                var->varno = INNER_VAR;
+            elog(DEBUG1, "PREV/NEXT's varno is rewritten to: %d", var->varno);
+        }
+    }
+    return expression_tree_walker(node, attno_map_walker, NULL);
+}
+
 /* -----------------
  * ExecEndWindowAgg
  * -----------------
@@ -2691,6 +2906,8 @@ ExecEndWindowAgg(WindowAggState *node)
     ExecClearTuple(node->agg_row_slot);
     ExecClearTuple(node->temp_slot_1);
     ExecClearTuple(node->temp_slot_2);
+    ExecClearTuple(node->prev_slot);
+    ExecClearTuple(node->next_slot);
     if (node->framehead_slot)
         ExecClearTuple(node->framehead_slot);
     if (node->frametail_slot)
@@ -2740,6 +2957,8 @@ ExecReScanWindowAgg(WindowAggState *node)
     ExecClearTuple(node->agg_row_slot);
     ExecClearTuple(node->temp_slot_1);
     ExecClearTuple(node->temp_slot_2);
+    ExecClearTuple(node->prev_slot);
+    ExecClearTuple(node->next_slot);
     if (node->framehead_slot)
         ExecClearTuple(node->framehead_slot);
     if (node->frametail_slot)
@@ -3100,7 +3319,7 @@ window_gettupleslot(WindowObject winobj, int64 pos, TupleTableSlot *slot)
         return false;
 
     if (pos < winobj->markpos)
-        elog(ERROR, "cannot fetch row before WindowObject's mark position");
+        elog(ERROR, "cannot fetch row: " INT64_FORMAT " before WindowObject's mark position: " INT64_FORMAT,  pos,
winobj->markpos);
 
 
     oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(winstate->ss.ps.ps_ExprContext->ecxt_per_query_memory);
 
@@ -3420,14 +3639,54 @@ WinGetFuncArgInFrame(WindowObject winobj, int argno,
     WindowAggState *winstate;
     ExprContext *econtext;
     TupleTableSlot *slot;
-    int64        abs_pos;
-    int64        mark_pos;
 
     Assert(WindowObjectIsValid(winobj));
     winstate = winobj->winstate;
     econtext = winstate->ss.ps.ps_ExprContext;
     slot = winstate->temp_slot_1;
 
+    if (WinGetSlotInFrame(winobj, slot,
+                          relpos, seektype, set_mark,
+                          isnull, isout) == 0)
+    {
+        econtext->ecxt_outertuple = slot;
+        return ExecEvalExpr((ExprState *) list_nth(winobj->argstates, argno),
+                            econtext, isnull);
+    }
+
+    if (isout)
+        *isout = true;
+    *isnull = true;
+    return (Datum) 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * WinGetSlotInFrame
+ * slot: TupleTableSlot to store the result
+ * relpos: signed rowcount offset from the seek position
+ * seektype: WINDOW_SEEK_HEAD or WINDOW_SEEK_TAIL
+ * set_mark: If the row is found/in frame and set_mark is true, the mark is
+ *        moved to the row as a side-effect.
+ * isnull: output argument, receives isnull status of result
+ * isout: output argument, set to indicate whether target row position
+ *        is out of frame (can pass NULL if caller doesn't care about this)
+ *
+ * Returns 0 if we successfullt got the slot. false if out of frame.
+ * (also isout is set)
+ */
+static int
+WinGetSlotInFrame(WindowObject winobj, TupleTableSlot *slot,
+                     int relpos, int seektype, bool set_mark,
+                     bool *isnull, bool *isout)
+{
+    WindowAggState *winstate;
+    int64        abs_pos;
+    int64        mark_pos;
+    int            num_reduced_frame;
+
+    Assert(WindowObjectIsValid(winobj));
+    winstate = winobj->winstate;
+
     switch (seektype)
     {
         case WINDOW_SEEK_CURRENT:
@@ -3494,11 +3753,21 @@ WinGetFuncArgInFrame(WindowObject winobj, int argno,
                          winstate->frameOptions);
                     break;
             }
+            num_reduced_frame = row_is_in_reduced_frame(winobj, winstate->frameheadpos);
+            if (num_reduced_frame < 0)
+                goto out_of_frame;
+            else if (num_reduced_frame > 0)
+                if (relpos >= num_reduced_frame)
+                    goto out_of_frame;
             break;
         case WINDOW_SEEK_TAIL:
             /* rejecting relpos > 0 is easy and simplifies code below */
             if (relpos > 0)
                 goto out_of_frame;
+
+            /* RPR cares about frame head pos. Need to call update_frameheadpos */
+            update_frameheadpos(winstate);
+
             update_frametailpos(winstate);
             abs_pos = winstate->frametailpos - 1 + relpos;
 
@@ -3565,6 +3834,12 @@ WinGetFuncArgInFrame(WindowObject winobj, int argno,
                     mark_pos = 0;    /* keep compiler quiet */
                     break;
             }
+
+            num_reduced_frame = row_is_in_reduced_frame(winobj, winstate->frameheadpos + relpos);
+            if (num_reduced_frame < 0)
+                goto out_of_frame;
+            else if (num_reduced_frame > 0)
+                abs_pos = winstate->frameheadpos + relpos + num_reduced_frame - 1;
             break;
         default:
             elog(ERROR, "unrecognized window seek type: %d", seektype);
@@ -3583,15 +3858,13 @@ WinGetFuncArgInFrame(WindowObject winobj, int argno,
         *isout = false;
     if (set_mark)
         WinSetMarkPosition(winobj, mark_pos);
-    econtext->ecxt_outertuple = slot;
-    return ExecEvalExpr((ExprState *) list_nth(winobj->argstates, argno),
-                        econtext, isnull);
+    return 0;
 
 out_of_frame:
     if (isout)
         *isout = true;
     *isnull = true;
-    return (Datum) 0;
+    return -1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3622,3 +3895,732 @@ WinGetFuncArgCurrent(WindowObject winobj, int argno, bool *isnull)
     return ExecEvalExpr((ExprState *) list_nth(winobj->argstates, argno),
                         econtext, isnull);
 }
+
+/*
+ * rpr_is_defined
+ * return true if Row pattern recognition is defined.
+ */
+static
+bool rpr_is_defined(WindowAggState *winstate)
+{
+    return winstate->patternVariableList != NIL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * row_is_in_reduced_frame
+ * Determine whether a row is in the current row's reduced window frame according
+ * to row pattern matching
+ *
+ * The row must has been already determined that it is in a full window frame
+ * and fetched it into slot.
+ *
+ * Returns:
+ * = 0, RPR is not defined.
+ * >0, if the row is the first in the reduced frame. Return the number of rows in the reduced frame.
+ * -1, if the row is unmatched row
+ * -2, if the row is in the reduced frame but needed to be skipped because of
+ * AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+ */
+static
+int row_is_in_reduced_frame(WindowObject winobj, int64 pos)
+{
+    WindowAggState *winstate = winobj->winstate;
+    int        state;
+    int        rtn;
+
+    if (!rpr_is_defined(winstate))
+    {
+        /*
+         * RPR is not defined. Assume that we are always in the the reduced
+         * window frame.
+         */
+        rtn = 0;
+        elog(DEBUG1, "row_is_in_reduced_frame returns %d: pos: " INT64_FORMAT, rtn, pos);
+        return rtn;
+    }
+
+    state = get_reduced_frame_map(winstate, pos);
+
+    if (state == RF_NOT_DETERMINED)
+    {
+        update_frameheadpos(winstate);
+        update_reduced_frame(winobj, pos);
+    }
+
+    state = get_reduced_frame_map(winstate, pos);
+
+    switch (state)
+    {
+        int64    i;
+        int        num_reduced_rows;
+
+        case RF_FRAME_HEAD:
+            num_reduced_rows = 1;
+            for (i = pos + 1; get_reduced_frame_map(winstate,i) == RF_SKIPPED; i++)
+                num_reduced_rows++;
+            rtn = num_reduced_rows;
+            break;
+
+        case RF_SKIPPED:
+            rtn = -2;
+            break;
+
+        case RF_UNMATCHED:
+            rtn = -1;
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            elog(ERROR, "Unrecognized state: %d at: " INT64_FORMAT, state, pos);
+            break;
+    }
+
+    elog(DEBUG1, "row_is_in_reduced_frame returns %d: pos: " INT64_FORMAT, rtn, pos);
+    return rtn;
+}
+
+#define REDUCED_FRAME_MAP_INIT_SIZE    1024L
+
+/*
+ * Create reduced frame map
+ */
+static
+void create_reduced_frame_map(WindowAggState *winstate)
+{
+    winstate->reduced_frame_map =
+        MemoryContextAlloc(winstate->partcontext, REDUCED_FRAME_MAP_INIT_SIZE);
+    winstate->alloc_sz = REDUCED_FRAME_MAP_INIT_SIZE;
+    clear_reduced_frame_map(winstate);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clear reduced frame map
+ */
+static
+void clear_reduced_frame_map(WindowAggState *winstate)
+{
+    Assert(winstate->reduced_frame_map != NULL);
+    MemSet(winstate->reduced_frame_map, RF_NOT_DETERMINED,
+           winstate->alloc_sz);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get reduced frame map specified by pos
+ */
+static
+int get_reduced_frame_map(WindowAggState *winstate, int64 pos)
+{
+    Assert(winstate->reduced_frame_map != NULL);
+
+    if (pos < 0 || pos >= winstate->alloc_sz)
+        elog(ERROR, "wrong pos: " INT64_FORMAT, pos);
+
+    return winstate->reduced_frame_map[pos];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add/replace reduced frame map member at pos.
+ * If there's no enough space, expand the map.
+ */
+static
+void register_reduced_frame_map(WindowAggState *winstate, int64 pos, int val)
+{
+    int64    realloc_sz;
+
+    Assert(winstate->reduced_frame_map != NULL);
+
+    if (pos < 0)
+        elog(ERROR, "wrong pos: " INT64_FORMAT, pos);
+
+    if (pos > winstate->alloc_sz - 1)
+    {
+        realloc_sz = winstate->alloc_sz * 2;
+
+        winstate->reduced_frame_map =
+            repalloc(winstate->reduced_frame_map, realloc_sz);
+
+        MemSet(winstate->reduced_frame_map + winstate->alloc_sz,
+               RF_NOT_DETERMINED, realloc_sz - winstate->alloc_sz);
+
+        winstate->alloc_sz = realloc_sz;
+    }
+
+    winstate->reduced_frame_map[pos] = val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * update_reduced_frame
+ *        Update reduced frame info.
+ */
+static
+void update_reduced_frame(WindowObject winobj, int64 pos)
+{
+    WindowAggState *winstate = winobj->winstate;
+    ListCell    *lc1, *lc2;
+    bool        expression_result;
+    int            num_matched_rows;
+    int64        original_pos;
+    bool        anymatch;
+    StringInfo    encoded_str;
+    StringInfo    pattern_str = makeStringInfo();
+    StringSet    *str_set;
+    int            str_set_index = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Set of pattern variables evaluted to true.
+     * Each character corresponds to pattern variable.
+     * Example:
+     * str_set[0] = "AB";
+     * str_set[1] = "AC";
+     * In this case at row 0 A and B are true, and A and C are true in row 1.
+     */
+
+    /* initialize pattern variables set */
+    str_set = string_set_init();
+
+    /* save original pos */
+    original_pos = pos;
+
+    /*
+     * Loop over until none of pattern matches or encounters end of frame.
+     */
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        int64    result_pos = -1;
+
+        /*
+         * Loop over each PATTERN variable.
+         */
+        anymatch = false;
+        encoded_str = makeStringInfo();
+
+        forboth(lc1, winstate->patternVariableList, lc2, winstate->patternRegexpList)
+        {
+            char    *vname = strVal(lfirst(lc1));
+            char    *quantifier = strVal(lfirst(lc2));
+
+            elog(DEBUG1, "pos: " INT64_FORMAT " pattern vname: %s quantifier: %s", pos, vname, quantifier);
+
+            expression_result = false;
+
+            /* evaluate row pattern against current row */
+            result_pos = evaluate_pattern(winobj, pos, vname, encoded_str, &expression_result);
+            if (expression_result)
+            {
+                elog(DEBUG1, "expression result is true");
+                anymatch = true;
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * If out of frame, we are done.
+             */
+             if (result_pos < 0)
+                 break;
+        }
+
+        if (!anymatch)
+        {
+            /* none of patterns matched. */
+            break;
+        }
+
+        string_set_add(str_set, encoded_str);
+
+        elog(DEBUG1, "pos: " INT64_FORMAT " str_set_index: %d encoded_str: %s", pos, str_set_index,
encoded_str->data);
+
+        /* move to next row */
+        pos++;
+
+        if (result_pos < 0)
+        {
+            /* out of frame */
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (string_set_get_size(str_set) == 0)
+    {
+        /* no match found in the first row */
+        register_reduced_frame_map(winstate, original_pos, RF_UNMATCHED);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    elog(DEBUG2, "pos: " INT64_FORMAT " encoded_str: %s", pos, encoded_str->data);
+
+    /* build regular expression */
+    pattern_str = makeStringInfo();
+    appendStringInfoChar(pattern_str, '^');
+    forboth (lc1, winstate->patternVariableList, lc2, winstate->patternRegexpList)
+    {
+        char    *vname = strVal(lfirst(lc1));
+        char    *quantifier = strVal(lfirst(lc2));
+        char     initial;
+
+        initial = pattern_initial(winstate, vname);
+        Assert(initial != 0);
+        appendStringInfoChar(pattern_str, initial);
+        if (quantifier[0])
+            appendStringInfoChar(pattern_str, quantifier[0]);
+        elog(DEBUG1, "vname: %s initial: %c quantifier: %s", vname, initial, quantifier);
+    }
+
+    elog(DEBUG2, "pos: " INT64_FORMAT " pattern: %s", pos, pattern_str->data);
+
+    /* look for matching pattern variable sequence */
+    num_matched_rows = search_str_set(pattern_str->data, str_set);
+    /*
+     * We are at the first row in the reduced frame.  Save the number of
+     * matched rows as the number of rows in the reduced frame.
+     */
+    if (num_matched_rows <= 0)
+    {
+        /* no match */
+        register_reduced_frame_map(winstate, original_pos, RF_UNMATCHED);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        int64        i;
+
+        register_reduced_frame_map(winstate, original_pos, RF_FRAME_HEAD);
+
+        for (i = original_pos + 1; i < original_pos + num_matched_rows; i++)
+        {
+            register_reduced_frame_map(winstate, i, RF_SKIPPED);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform pattern matching using pattern against str_set.  str_set is a set
+ * of StringInfo. Each StringInfo has a string comprising initial characters
+ * of pattern variables being true in a row.  Returns the longest number of
+ * the matching rows.
+ */
+static
+int search_str_set(char *pattern, StringSet *str_set)
+{
+    int            set_size;    /* number of rows in the set */
+    int            resultlen = 0;
+    int            index;
+    StringSet    *old_str_set, *new_str_set;
+    int            new_str_size;
+
+    set_size = string_set_get_size(str_set);
+    new_str_set = string_set_init();
+
+    /*
+     * Generate all possible pattern variable name initials as a set of
+     * StringInfo named "new_str_set".  For example, if we have two rows
+     * having "ab" (row 0) and "ac" (row 1) in the input str_set, new_str_set
+     * will have set of StringInfo "aa", "ac", "ba" and "bc" in the end.
+     */
+    for (index = 0; index < set_size; index++)
+    {
+        StringInfo    str;    /* search target row */
+        char    *p;
+        int        old_set_size;
+        int        i;
+
+        if (index == 0)
+        {
+            /* copy variables in row 0 */
+            str = string_set_get(str_set, index);
+            p = str->data;
+
+            /*
+             * loop over each new pattern variable char in previous result
+             * char.
+             */
+            while (*p)
+            {
+                StringInfo    new = makeStringInfo();
+
+                /* add pattern variable char */
+                appendStringInfoChar(new, *p);
+                /* add new one to string set */
+                string_set_add(new_str_set, new);
+                p++;    /* next pattern variable */
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            old_str_set = new_str_set;
+            new_str_set = string_set_init();
+            str = string_set_get(str_set, index);
+            old_set_size = string_set_get_size(old_str_set);
+
+            /*
+             * loop over each rows in the previous result set.
+             */
+            for (i = 0; i < old_set_size ; i++)
+            {
+                StringInfo    old = string_set_get(old_str_set, i);
+
+                p = str->data;
+
+                /*
+                 * loop over each pattern variable char in the input set.
+                 */
+                while (*p)
+                {
+                    StringInfo    new = makeStringInfo();
+
+                    /* copy source string */
+                    appendStringInfoString(new, old->data);
+                    /* add pattern variable char */
+                    appendStringInfoChar(new, *p);
+                    /* add new one to string set */
+                    string_set_add(new_str_set, new);
+                    p++;    /* next pattern variable */
+                }
+            }
+            /* we no long need old string set */
+            string_set_discard(old_str_set);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Perform pattern matching to find out the longest match.
+     */
+    new_str_size = string_set_get_size(new_str_set);
+
+    for (index = 0; index < new_str_size; index++)
+    {
+        int            len;
+        StringInfo    s;
+
+        s = string_set_get(new_str_set, index);
+        if (s == NULL)
+            continue;    /* no data */
+
+        len = do_pattern_match(pattern, s->data);
+        if (len > resultlen)
+        {
+            /* remember the longest match */
+            resultlen = len;
+
+            /*
+             * If the size of result set is equal to the number of rows in the
+             * set, we are done because it's not possible that the number of
+             * matching rows exceeds the number of rows in the set.
+             */
+            if (resultlen >= set_size)
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* we no long need new string set */
+    string_set_discard(new_str_set);
+
+    return resultlen;
+}
+
+/*
+ * do_pattern_match
+ * perform pattern match using pattern against encoded_str.
+ * returns matching number of rows if matching is succeeded.
+ * Otherwise returns 0.
+ */
+static
+int do_pattern_match(char *pattern, char *encoded_str)
+{
+    Datum    d;
+    text    *res;
+    char    *substr;
+    int        len = 0;
+
+
+    /*
+     * We first perform pattern matching using regexp_instr, then call
+     * textregexsubstr to get matched substring to know how long the
+     * matched string is. That is the number of rows in the reduced window
+     * frame.  The reason why we can't call textregexsubstr in the first
+     * place is, it errors out if pattern does not match.
+     */
+    if (DatumGetInt32(DirectFunctionCall2Coll(regexp_instr, DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID,
+                                              PointerGetDatum(cstring_to_text(encoded_str)),
+                                              PointerGetDatum(cstring_to_text(pattern)))) > 0)
+    {
+        d = DirectFunctionCall2Coll(textregexsubstr,
+                                    DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID,
+                                    PointerGetDatum(cstring_to_text(encoded_str)),
+                                    PointerGetDatum(cstring_to_text(pattern)));
+        if (d != 0)
+        {
+            res = DatumGetTextPP(d);
+            substr = text_to_cstring(res);
+            len = strlen(substr);
+        }
+    }
+    return len;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Evaluate expression associated with PATTERN variable vname.
+ * relpos is relative row position in a frame (starting from 0).
+ * "quantifier" is the quatifier part of the PATTERN regular expression.
+ * Currently only '+' is allowed.
+ * result is out paramater representing the expression evaluation result
+ * is true of false.
+ * Return values are:
+ * >=0: the last match absolute row position
+ * other wise out of frame.
+ */
+static
+int64 evaluate_pattern(WindowObject winobj, int64 current_pos,
+                        char *vname, StringInfo encoded_str, bool *result)
+{
+    WindowAggState    *winstate = winobj->winstate;
+    ExprContext        *econtext = winstate->ss.ps.ps_ExprContext;
+    ListCell        *lc1, *lc2, *lc3;
+    ExprState        *pat;
+    Datum            eval_result;
+    bool            out_of_frame = false;
+    bool            isnull;
+
+    forthree (lc1, winstate->defineVariableList, lc2, winstate->defineClauseList, lc3, winstate->defineInitial)
+    {
+        char    initial;
+        char    *name = strVal(lfirst(lc1));
+
+        if (strcmp(vname, name))
+            continue;
+
+        initial = *(strVal(lfirst(lc3)));
+
+        /* set expression to evaluate */
+        pat = lfirst(lc2);
+
+        /* get current, previous and next tuples */
+        if (!get_slots(winobj, current_pos))
+        {
+            out_of_frame = true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* evaluate the expression */
+            eval_result = ExecEvalExpr(pat, econtext, &isnull);
+            if (isnull)
+            {
+                /* expression is NULL */
+                elog(DEBUG1, "expression for %s is NULL at row: " INT64_FORMAT, vname, current_pos);
+                *result = false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (!DatumGetBool(eval_result))
+                {
+                    /* expression is false */
+                    elog(DEBUG1, "expression for %s is false at row: " INT64_FORMAT, vname, current_pos);
+                    *result = false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* expression is true */
+                    elog(DEBUG1, "expression for %s is true at row: " INT64_FORMAT, vname, current_pos);
+                    appendStringInfoChar(encoded_str, initial);
+                    *result = true;
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (out_of_frame)
+        {
+            *result = false;
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return current_pos;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get current, previous and next tuples.
+ * Returns false if current row is out of partition/full frame.
+ */
+static
+bool get_slots(WindowObject winobj, int64 current_pos)
+{
+    WindowAggState *winstate = winobj->winstate;
+    TupleTableSlot *slot;
+    int        ret;
+    ExprContext *econtext;
+
+    econtext = winstate->ss.ps.ps_ExprContext;
+
+    /* set up current row tuple slot */
+    slot = winstate->temp_slot_1;
+    if (!window_gettupleslot(winobj, current_pos, slot))
+    {
+        elog(DEBUG1, "current row is out of partition at:" INT64_FORMAT, current_pos);
+        return false;
+
+        ret = row_is_in_frame(winstate, current_pos, slot);
+        if (ret <= 0)
+        {
+            elog(DEBUG1, "current row is out of frame at: " INT64_FORMAT, current_pos);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    econtext->ecxt_outertuple = slot;
+
+    /* for PREV */
+    if (current_pos > 0)
+    {
+        slot = winstate->prev_slot;
+        if (!window_gettupleslot(winobj, current_pos - 1, slot))
+        {
+            elog(DEBUG1, "previous row is out of partition at: " INT64_FORMAT, current_pos - 1);
+            econtext->ecxt_scantuple = winstate->null_slot;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ret = row_is_in_frame(winstate, current_pos - 1, slot);
+            if (ret <= 0)
+            {
+                elog(DEBUG1, "previous row is out of frame at: " INT64_FORMAT, current_pos - 1);
+                econtext->ecxt_scantuple = winstate->null_slot;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                econtext->ecxt_scantuple = slot;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+        econtext->ecxt_scantuple = winstate->null_slot;
+
+    /* for NEXT */
+    slot = winstate->next_slot;
+    if (!window_gettupleslot(winobj, current_pos + 1, slot))
+    {
+        elog(DEBUG1, "next row is out of partiton at: " INT64_FORMAT, current_pos + 1);
+        econtext->ecxt_innertuple = winstate->null_slot;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ret = row_is_in_frame(winstate, current_pos + 1, slot);
+        if (ret <= 0)
+        {
+            elog(DEBUG1, "next row is out of frame at: " INT64_FORMAT, current_pos + 1);
+            econtext->ecxt_innertuple = winstate->null_slot;
+        }
+        else
+            econtext->ecxt_innertuple = slot;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return pattern variable initial character
+ * matching with pattern variable name vname.
+ * If not found, return 0.
+ */
+static
+char    pattern_initial(WindowAggState *winstate, char *vname)
+{
+    char        initial;
+    char        *name;
+    ListCell    *lc1, *lc2;
+
+    forboth (lc1, winstate->defineVariableList, lc2, winstate->defineInitial)
+    {
+        name = strVal(lfirst(lc1));                /* DEFINE variable name */
+        initial = *(strVal(lfirst(lc2)));        /* DEFINE variable initial */
+
+
+        if (!strcmp(name, vname))
+                return initial;                    /* found */
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * string_set_init
+ * Create dynamic set of StringInfo.
+ */
+static
+StringSet *string_set_init(void)
+{
+/* Initial allocation size of str_set */
+#define STRING_SET_ALLOC_SIZE    1024
+
+    StringSet    *string_set;
+    Size        set_size;
+
+    string_set = palloc0(sizeof(StringSet));
+    string_set->set_index = 0;
+    set_size = STRING_SET_ALLOC_SIZE;
+    string_set->str_set = palloc(set_size * sizeof(StringInfo));
+    string_set->set_size = set_size;
+
+    return string_set;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Add StringInfo str to StringSet string_set.
+ */
+static
+void string_set_add(StringSet *string_set, StringInfo str)
+{
+    Size    set_size;
+
+    set_size = string_set->set_size;
+    if (string_set->set_index >= set_size)
+    {
+        set_size *= 2;
+        string_set->str_set = repalloc(string_set->str_set,
+                                       set_size * sizeof(StringInfo));
+        string_set->set_size = set_size;
+    }
+
+    string_set->str_set[string_set->set_index++] = str;
+
+    return;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns StringInfo specified by index.
+ * If there's no data yet, returns NULL.
+ */
+static
+StringInfo string_set_get(StringSet *string_set, int index)
+{
+    /* no data? */
+    if (index == 0 && string_set->set_index == 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (index < 0 ||index >= string_set->set_index)
+        elog(ERROR, "invalid index: %d", index);
+
+    return string_set->str_set[index];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns the size of StringSet.
+ */
+static
+int string_set_get_size(StringSet *string_set)
+{
+    return string_set->set_index;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Discard StringSet.
+ * All memory including StringSet itself is freed.
+ */
+static
+void string_set_discard(StringSet *string_set)
+{
+    int        i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < string_set->set_index; i++)
+    {
+        StringInfo str = string_set->str_set[i];
+        pfree(str->data);
+        pfree(str);
+    }
+    pfree(string_set);
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/windowfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/windowfuncs.c
index b87a624fb2..9ebcc7b5d2 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/windowfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/windowfuncs.c
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
  */
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "catalog/pg_collation_d.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "nodes/execnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/supportnodes.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "windowapi.h"
@@ -36,11 +39,19 @@ typedef struct
     int64        remainder;        /* (total rows) % (bucket num) */
 } ntile_context;
 
+/*
+ * rpr process information.
+ * Used for AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+ */
+typedef struct SkipContext
+{
+    int64        pos;    /* last row absolute position */
+} SkipContext;
+
 static bool rank_up(WindowObject winobj);
 static Datum leadlag_common(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo,
                             bool forward, bool withoffset, bool withdefault);
 
-
 /*
  * utility routine for *_rank functions.
  */
@@ -673,7 +684,7 @@ window_last_value(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
     bool        isnull;
 
     result = WinGetFuncArgInFrame(winobj, 0,
-                                  0, WINDOW_SEEK_TAIL, true,
+                                  0, WINDOW_SEEK_TAIL, false,
                                   &isnull, NULL);
     if (isnull)
         PG_RETURN_NULL();
@@ -713,3 +724,25 @@ window_nth_value(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
     PG_RETURN_DATUM(result);
 }
+
+/*
+ * prev
+ * Dummy function to invoke RPR's navigation operator "PREV".
+ * This is *not* a window function.
+ */
+Datum
+window_prev(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    PG_RETURN_DATUM(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0));
+}
+
+/*
+ * next
+ * Dummy function to invoke RPR's navigation operation "NEXT".
+ * This is *not* a window function.
+ */
+Datum
+window_next(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    PG_RETURN_DATUM(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0));
+}
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index 9805bc6118..d20f803cf5 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -10416,6 +10416,12 @@
 { oid => '3114', descr => 'fetch the Nth row value',
   proname => 'nth_value', prokind => 'w', prorettype => 'anyelement',
   proargtypes => 'anyelement int4', prosrc => 'window_nth_value' },
+{ oid => '6122', descr => 'previous value',
+  proname => 'prev', provolatile => 's', prorettype => 'anyelement',
+  proargtypes => 'anyelement', prosrc => 'window_prev' },
+{ oid => '6123', descr => 'next value',
+  proname => 'next', provolatile => 's', prorettype => 'anyelement',
+  proargtypes => 'anyelement', prosrc => 'window_next' },
 
 # functions for range types
 { oid => '3832', descr => 'I/O',
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
index cb714f4a19..63feb68f60 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/execnodes.h
@@ -2471,6 +2471,11 @@ typedef enum WindowAggStatus
                                      * tuples during spool */
 } WindowAggStatus;
 
+#define    RF_NOT_DETERMINED    0
+#define    RF_FRAME_HEAD        1
+#define    RF_SKIPPED            2
+#define    RF_UNMATCHED        3
+
 typedef struct WindowAggState
 {
     ScanState    ss;                /* its first field is NodeTag */
@@ -2519,6 +2524,15 @@ typedef struct WindowAggState
     int64        groupheadpos;    /* current row's peer group head position */
     int64        grouptailpos;    /* " " " " tail position (group end+1) */
 
+    /* these fields are used in Row pattern recognition: */
+    RPSkipTo    rpSkipTo;        /* Row Pattern Skip To type */
+    List       *patternVariableList;    /* list of row pattern variables names (list of String) */
+    List       *patternRegexpList;    /* list of row pattern regular expressions ('+' or ''. list of String) */
+    List       *defineVariableList;    /* list of row pattern definition variables (list of String) */
+    List       *defineClauseList;    /* expression for row pattern definition
+                                     * search conditions ExprState list */
+    List       *defineInitial;        /* list of row pattern definition variable initials (list of String) */
+
     MemoryContext partcontext;    /* context for partition-lifespan data */
     MemoryContext aggcontext;    /* shared context for aggregate working data */
     MemoryContext curaggcontext;    /* current aggregate's working data */
@@ -2555,6 +2569,18 @@ typedef struct WindowAggState
     TupleTableSlot *agg_row_slot;
     TupleTableSlot *temp_slot_1;
     TupleTableSlot *temp_slot_2;
+
+    /* temporary slots for RPR */
+    TupleTableSlot *prev_slot;    /* PREV row navigation operator */
+    TupleTableSlot *next_slot;    /* NEXT row navigation operator */
+    TupleTableSlot *null_slot;    /* all NULL slot */
+
+    /*
+     * Each byte corresponds to a row positioned at absolute its pos in
+     * partition.  See above definition for RF_*
+     */
+    char        *reduced_frame_map;
+    int64        alloc_sz;    /* size of the map */
 } WindowAggState;
 
 /* ----------------
-- 
2.25.1

From 8df57cacc382ca2d5484aac53d9472a30f075594 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tatsuo Ishii <ishii@postgresql.org>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:01:14 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v8 5/7] Row pattern recognition patch (docs).

---
 doc/src/sgml/advanced.sgml   | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/func.sgml       | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++--
 3 files changed, 142 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/advanced.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/advanced.sgml
index 755c9f1485..f39ec8f2d5 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/advanced.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/advanced.sgml
@@ -537,6 +537,58 @@ WHERE pos < 3;
     <literal>rank</literal> less than 3.
    </para>
 
+   <para>
+    Row pattern common syntax can be used with row pattern common syntax to
+    perform row pattern recognition in a query. Row pattern common syntax
+    includes two sub clauses. <literal>DEFINE</literal> defines definition
+    variables along with an expression. The expression must be a logical
+    expression, which means it must
+    return <literal>TRUE</literal>, <literal>FALSE</literal>
+    or <literal>NULL</literal>. Moreover if the expression comprises a column
+    reference, it must be the argument of <function>rpr</function>. An example
+    of <literal>DEFINE</literal> is as follows.
+
+<programlisting>
+DEFINE
+ LOWPRICE AS price <= 100,
+ UP AS price > PREV(price),
+ DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+</programlisting>
+
+    Note that <function>PREV</function> returns price column in the previous
+    row if it's called in a context of row pattern recognition. So in the
+    second line means the definition variable "UP" is <literal>TRUE</literal>
+    when price column in the current row is greater than the price column in
+    the previous row. Likewise, "DOWN" is <literal>TRUE</literal> when when
+    price column in the current row is lower than the price column in the
+    previous row.
+   </para>
+   <para>
+    Once <literal>DEFINE</literal> exists, <literal>PATTERN</literal> can be
+    used. <literal>PATTERN</literal> defines a sequence of rows that satisfies
+    certain conditions.  For example following <literal>PATTERN</literal>
+    defines that a row starts with the condition "LOWPRICE", then one or more
+    rows satisfy "UP" and finally one or more rows satisfy "DOWN". If a
+    sequence of rows found, rpr returns the column at the starting row.
+    Example of a <literal>SELECT</literal> using the <literal>DEFINE</literal>
+    and <literal>PATTERN</literal> clause is as follows.
+
+<programlisting>
+SELECT company, tdate, price, max(price) OVER w FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (LOWPRICE UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  LOWPRICE AS price <= 100,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+</programlisting>
+   </para>
+
    <para>
     When a query involves multiple window functions, it is possible to write
     out each one with a separate <literal>OVER</literal> clause, but this is
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
index 24ad87f910..9c99dda4ae 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
@@ -21780,6 +21780,7 @@ SELECT count(*) FROM sometable;
         returns <literal>NULL</literal> if there is no such row.
        </para></entry>
       </row>
+
      </tbody>
     </tgroup>
    </table>
@@ -21819,6 +21820,59 @@ SELECT count(*) FROM sometable;
    Other frame specifications can be used to obtain other effects.
   </para>
 
+  <para>
+   Row pattern recognition navigation functions are listed in
+   <xref linkend="functions-rpr-navigation-table"/>.  These functions
+   can be used to describe DEFINE clause of Row pattern recognition.
+  </para>
+
+   <table id="functions-rpr-navigation-table">
+    <title>Row Pattern Navigation Functions</title>
+    <tgroup cols="1">
+     <thead>
+      <row>
+       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
+        Function
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        Description
+       </para></entry>
+      </row>
+     </thead>
+
+     <tbody>
+      <row>
+       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
+        <indexterm>
+         <primary>prev</primary>
+        </indexterm>
+        <function>prev</function> ( <parameter>value</parameter> <type>anyelement</type> )
+        <returnvalue>anyelement</returnvalue>
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        Returns the column value at the previous row;
+        returns NULL if there is no previous row in the window frame.
+       </para></entry>
+      </row>
+
+      <row>
+       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
+        <indexterm>
+         <primary>next</primary>
+        </indexterm>
+        <function>next</function> ( <parameter>value</parameter> <type>anyelement</type> )
+        <returnvalue>anyelement</returnvalue>
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        Returns the column value at the next row;
+        returns NULL if there is no next row in the window frame.
+       </para></entry>
+      </row>
+
+     </tbody>
+    </tgroup>
+   </table>
+
   <note>
    <para>
     The SQL standard defines a <literal>RESPECT NULLS</literal> or
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml
index 0ee0cc7e64..056768b330 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml
@@ -966,8 +966,8 @@ WINDOW <replaceable class="parameter">window_name</replaceable> AS ( <replaceabl
     The <replaceable class="parameter">frame_clause</replaceable> can be one of
 
 <synopsis>
-{ RANGE | ROWS | GROUPS } <replaceable>frame_start</replaceable> [ <replaceable>frame_exclusion</replaceable> ]
-{ RANGE | ROWS | GROUPS } BETWEEN <replaceable>frame_start</replaceable> AND <replaceable>frame_end</replaceable> [
<replaceable>frame_exclusion</replaceable>]
 
+{ RANGE | ROWS | GROUPS } <replaceable>frame_start</replaceable> [ <replaceable>frame_exclusion</replaceable> ]
[row_pattern_common_syntax]
+{ RANGE | ROWS | GROUPS } BETWEEN <replaceable>frame_start</replaceable> AND <replaceable>frame_end</replaceable> [
<replaceable>frame_exclusion</replaceable>] [row_pattern_common_syntax]
 
 </synopsis>
 
     where <replaceable>frame_start</replaceable>
@@ -1074,6 +1074,40 @@ EXCLUDE NO OTHERS
     a given peer group will be in the frame or excluded from it.
    </para>
 
+   <para>
+    The
+    optional <replaceable class="parameter">row_pattern_common_syntax</replaceable>
+    defines the <firstterm>row pattern recognition condition</firstterm> for
+    this
+    window. <replaceable class="parameter">row_pattern_common_syntax</replaceable>
+    includes following subclauses. <literal>AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST
+    ROW</literal> or <literal>AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW</literal> controls
+    how to proceed to next row position after a match
+    found. With <literal>AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW</literal> (the
+    default) next row position is next to the last row of previous match. On
+    the other hand, with <literal>AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW</literal> next
+    row position is always next to the last row of previous
+    match. <literal>DEFINE</literal> defines definition variables along with a
+    boolean expression. <literal>PATTERN</literal> defines a sequence of rows
+    that satisfies certain conditions using variables defined
+    in <literal>DEFINE</literal> clause. If the variable is not defined in
+    the <literal>DEFINE</literal> clause, it is implicitly assumed
+    following is defined in the <literal>DEFINE</literal> clause.
+
+<synopsis>
+<literal>variable_name</literal> AS TRUE
+</synopsis>
+
+    Note that the maximu number of variables defined
+    in <literal>DEFINE</literal> clause is 26.
+
+<synopsis>
+[ AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW | AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW ]
+PATTERN <replaceable class="parameter">pattern_variable_name</replaceable>[+] [, ...]
+DEFINE <replaceable class="parameter">definition_varible_name</replaceable> AS <replaceable
class="parameter">expression</replaceable>[, ...]
 
+</synopsis>
+   </para>
+
    <para>
     The purpose of a <literal>WINDOW</literal> clause is to specify the
     behavior of <firstterm>window functions</firstterm> appearing in the query's
-- 
2.25.1

From 007b9c37e121854f13b9c726f2f864c40717719b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tatsuo Ishii <ishii@postgresql.org>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:01:14 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v8 6/7] Row pattern recognition patch (tests).

---
 src/test/regress/expected/rpr.out  | 594 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/test/regress/parallel_schedule |   2 +-
 src/test/regress/sql/rpr.sql       | 292 ++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 887 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/rpr.out
 create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/rpr.sql

diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rpr.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rpr.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3e7ad943c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rpr.out
@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+--
+-- Test for row pattern definition clause
+--
+CREATE TEMP TABLE stock (
+       company TEXT,
+       tdate DATE,
+       price INTEGER
+);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-01', 100);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-02', 200);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-03', 150);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-04', 140);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-05', 150);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-06', 90);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-07', 110);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-08', 130);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-09', 120);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-10', 130);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-01', 50);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-02', 2000);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-03', 1500);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-04', 1400);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-05', 1500);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-06', 60);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-07', 1100);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-08', 1300);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-09', 1200);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-10', 1300);
+SELECT * FROM stock;
+ company  |   tdate    | price 
+----------+------------+-------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300
+(20 rows)
+
+-- basic test using PREV
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w,
+ nth_value(tdate, 2) OVER w AS nth_second
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | first_value | last_value | nth_second 
+----------+------------+-------+-------------+------------+------------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |         100 |        140 | 07-02-2023
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |          90 |        120 | 07-07-2023
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |          50 |       1400 | 07-02-2023
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |          60 |       1200 | 07-07-2023
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |             |            | 
+(20 rows)
+
+-- last_value() should remain consistent
+SELECT company, tdate, price, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | last_value 
+----------+------------+-------+------------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |        140
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 |           
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 |           
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 |           
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |           
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |        120
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 |           
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 |           
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 |           
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |           
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |       1400
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 |           
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 |           
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 |           
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |           
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |       1200
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 |           
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 |           
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 |           
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |           
+(20 rows)
+
+-- omit "START" in DEFINE but it is ok because "START AS TRUE" is
+-- implicitly defined. per spec.
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w,
+ nth_value(tdate, 2) OVER w AS nth_second
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | first_value | last_value | nth_second 
+----------+------------+-------+-------------+------------+------------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |         100 |        140 | 07-02-2023
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |          90 |        120 | 07-07-2023
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 |             |            | 
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |          50 |       1400 | 07-02-2023
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |          60 |       1200 | 07-07-2023
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 |             |            | 
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |             |            | 
+(20 rows)
+
+-- the first row start with less than or equal to 100
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (LOWPRICE UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  LOWPRICE AS price <= 100,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | first_value | last_value 
+----------+------------+-------+-------------+------------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |         100 |        140
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |          90 |        120
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |          50 |       1400
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |          60 |       1200
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |             |           
+(20 rows)
+
+-- second row raises 120%
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (LOWPRICE UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  LOWPRICE AS price <= 100,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price) * 1.2,
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | first_value | last_value 
+----------+------------+-------+-------------+------------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |         100 |        140
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |          50 |       1400
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |             |           
+(20 rows)
+
+-- using NEXT
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UPDOWN)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UPDOWN AS price > PREV(price) AND price > NEXT(price)
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | first_value | last_value 
+----------+------------+-------+-------------+------------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |         100 |        200
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 |         140 |        150
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 |         110 |        130
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |          50 |       2000
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 |        1400 |       1500
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 |        1100 |       1300
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |             |           
+(20 rows)
+
+-- using AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UPDOWN)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UPDOWN AS price > PREV(price) AND price > NEXT(price)
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | first_value | last_value 
+----------+------------+-------+-------------+------------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |         100 |        200
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 |         140 |        150
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 |         110 |        130
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |          50 |       2000
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 |        1400 |       1500
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 |        1100 |       1300
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |             |           
+(20 rows)
+
+-- match everything
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (A+)
+ DEFINE
+  A AS TRUE
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | first_value | last_value 
+----------+------------+-------+-------------+------------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |         100 |        130
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 |             |           
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |          50 |       1300
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 |             |
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 |             |           
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |             |           
+(20 rows)
+
+-- backtracking with reclassification of rows
+-- using AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(tdate) OVER w, last_value(tdate) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (A+ B+)
+ DEFINE
+  A AS price > 100,
+  B AS price > 100
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | first_value | last_value 
+----------+------------+-------+-------------+------------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |             | 
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 | 07-02-2023  | 07-05-2023
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 |             | 
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 |             | 
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |             | 
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |             | 
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 | 07-07-2023  | 07-10-2023
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 |             | 
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 |             | 
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 | 07-02-2023  | 07-05-2023
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 | 07-07-2023  | 07-10-2023
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |             | 
+(20 rows)
+
+-- backtracking with reclassification of rows
+-- using AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(tdate) OVER w, last_value(tdate) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (A+ B+)
+ DEFINE
+  A AS price > 100,
+  B AS price > 100
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | first_value | last_value 
+----------+------------+-------+-------------+------------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |             | 
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 | 07-02-2023  | 07-05-2023
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 | 07-03-2023  | 07-05-2023
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 | 07-04-2023  | 07-05-2023
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |             | 
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |             | 
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 | 07-07-2023  | 07-10-2023
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 | 07-08-2023  | 07-10-2023
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 | 07-09-2023  | 07-10-2023
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 | 07-02-2023  | 07-05-2023
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 | 07-03-2023  | 07-05-2023
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 | 07-04-2023  | 07-05-2023
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |             | 
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 | 07-07-2023  | 07-10-2023
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 | 07-08-2023  | 07-10-2023
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 | 07-09-2023  | 07-10-2023
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |             | 
+(20 rows)
+
+--
+-- Aggregates
+--
+-- using AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+SELECT company, tdate, price,
+ first_value(price) OVER w,
+ last_value(price) OVER w,
+ max(price) OVER w,
+ min(price) OVER w,
+ sum(price) OVER w,
+ avg(price) OVER w,
+ count(price) OVER w
+FROM stock
+WINDOW w AS (
+PARTITION BY company
+ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+INITIAL
+PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+DEFINE
+START AS TRUE,
+UP AS price > PREV(price),
+DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | first_value | last_value | max  | min | sum  |          avg          | count 
+----------+------------+-------+-------------+------------+------+-----+------+-----------------------+-------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |         100 |        140 |  200 | 100 |  590 |  147.5000000000000000 |     4
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |     0
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |          90 |        120 |  130 |  90 |  450 |  112.5000000000000000 |     4
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |     0
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |          50 |       1400 | 2000 |  50 | 4950 | 1237.5000000000000000 |     4
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |     0
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |          60 |       1200 | 1300 |  60 | 3660 |  915.0000000000000000 |     4
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |      
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |             |            |      |     |      |                       |     0
+(20 rows)
+
+-- using AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+SELECT company, tdate, price,
+ first_value(price) OVER w,
+ last_value(price) OVER w,
+ max(price) OVER w,
+ min(price) OVER w,
+ sum(price) OVER w,
+ avg(price) OVER w,
+ count(price) OVER w
+FROM stock
+WINDOW w AS (
+PARTITION BY company
+ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+INITIAL
+PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+DEFINE
+START AS TRUE,
+UP AS price > PREV(price),
+DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+ company  |   tdate    | price | first_value | last_value | max  | min  | sum  |          avg          | count 
+----------+------------+-------+-------------+------------+------+------+------+-----------------------+-------
+ company1 | 07-01-2023 |   100 |         100 |        140 |  200 |  100 |  590 |  147.5000000000000000 |     4
+ company1 | 07-02-2023 |   200 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+ company1 | 07-03-2023 |   150 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+ company1 | 07-04-2023 |   140 |         140 |         90 |  150 |   90 |  380 |  126.6666666666666667 |     3
+ company1 | 07-05-2023 |   150 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+ company1 | 07-06-2023 |    90 |          90 |        120 |  130 |   90 |  450 |  112.5000000000000000 |     4
+ company1 | 07-07-2023 |   110 |         110 |        120 |  130 |  110 |  360 |  120.0000000000000000 |     3
+ company1 | 07-08-2023 |   130 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+ company1 | 07-09-2023 |   120 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+ company1 | 07-10-2023 |   130 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+ company2 | 07-01-2023 |    50 |          50 |       1400 | 2000 |   50 | 4950 | 1237.5000000000000000 |     4
+ company2 | 07-02-2023 |  2000 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+ company2 | 07-03-2023 |  1500 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+ company2 | 07-04-2023 |  1400 |        1400 |         60 | 1500 |   60 | 2960 |  986.6666666666666667 |     3
+ company2 | 07-05-2023 |  1500 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+ company2 | 07-06-2023 |    60 |          60 |       1200 | 1300 |   60 | 3660 |  915.0000000000000000 |     4
+ company2 | 07-07-2023 |  1100 |        1100 |       1200 | 1300 | 1100 | 3600 | 1200.0000000000000000 |     3
+ company2 | 07-08-2023 |  1300 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+ company2 | 07-09-2023 |  1200 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+ company2 | 07-10-2023 |  1300 |             |            |      |      |      |                       |     0
+(20 rows)
+
+--
+-- Error cases
+--
+-- row pattern definition variable name must not appear more than once
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price),
+  UP AS price > PREV(price)
+);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "ORDER"
+LINE 6:  ORDER BY tdate
+         ^
+-- pattern variable name must appear in DEFINE
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+ END)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+ERROR:  syntax error at or near "END"
+LINE 8:  PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+ END)
+                                  ^
+-- FRAME must start at current row when row patttern recognition is used
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+ERROR:  FRAME must start at current row when row patttern recognition is used
+-- SEEK is not supported
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+ SEEK
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+ERROR:  SEEK is not supported
+LINE 8:  SEEK
+         ^
+HINT:  Use INITIAL.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 4df9d8503b..896531002b 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ test: publication subscription
 # Another group of parallel tests
 # select_views depends on create_view
 # ----------
-test: select_views portals_p2 foreign_key cluster dependency guc bitmapops combocid tsearch tsdicts foreign_data
windowxmlmap functional_deps advisory_lock indirect_toast equivclass
 
+test: select_views portals_p2 foreign_key cluster dependency guc bitmapops combocid tsearch tsdicts foreign_data
windowxmlmap functional_deps advisory_lock indirect_toast equivclass rpr
 
 
 # ----------
 # Another group of parallel tests (JSON related)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/rpr.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/rpr.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..846e1af2d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/rpr.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+--
+-- Test for row pattern definition clause
+--
+
+CREATE TEMP TABLE stock (
+       company TEXT,
+       tdate DATE,
+       price INTEGER
+);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-01', 100);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-02', 200);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-03', 150);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-04', 140);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-05', 150);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-06', 90);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-07', 110);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-08', 130);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-09', 120);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company1', '2023-07-10', 130);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-01', 50);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-02', 2000);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-03', 1500);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-04', 1400);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-05', 1500);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-06', 60);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-07', 1100);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-08', 1300);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-09', 1200);
+INSERT INTO stock VALUES ('company2', '2023-07-10', 1300);
+
+SELECT * FROM stock;
+
+-- basic test using PREV
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w,
+ nth_value(tdate, 2) OVER w AS nth_second
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+
+-- last_value() should remain consistent
+SELECT company, tdate, price, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+
+-- omit "START" in DEFINE but it is ok because "START AS TRUE" is
+-- implicitly defined. per spec.
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w,
+ nth_value(tdate, 2) OVER w AS nth_second
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+
+-- the first row start with less than or equal to 100
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (LOWPRICE UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  LOWPRICE AS price <= 100,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+
+-- second row raises 120%
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (LOWPRICE UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  LOWPRICE AS price <= 100,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price) * 1.2,
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+
+-- using NEXT
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UPDOWN)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UPDOWN AS price > PREV(price) AND price > NEXT(price)
+);
+
+-- using AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UPDOWN)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UPDOWN AS price > PREV(price) AND price > NEXT(price)
+);
+
+-- match everything
+
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (A+)
+ DEFINE
+  A AS TRUE
+);
+
+-- backtracking with reclassification of rows
+-- using AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(tdate) OVER w, last_value(tdate) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (A+ B+)
+ DEFINE
+  A AS price > 100,
+  B AS price > 100
+);
+
+-- backtracking with reclassification of rows
+-- using AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(tdate) OVER w, last_value(tdate) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (A+ B+)
+ DEFINE
+  A AS price > 100,
+  B AS price > 100
+);
+
+--
+-- Aggregates
+--
+
+-- using AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+SELECT company, tdate, price,
+ first_value(price) OVER w,
+ last_value(price) OVER w,
+ max(price) OVER w,
+ min(price) OVER w,
+ sum(price) OVER w,
+ avg(price) OVER w,
+ count(price) OVER w
+FROM stock
+WINDOW w AS (
+PARTITION BY company
+ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+AFTER MATCH SKIP PAST LAST ROW
+INITIAL
+PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+DEFINE
+START AS TRUE,
+UP AS price > PREV(price),
+DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+
+-- using AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+SELECT company, tdate, price,
+ first_value(price) OVER w,
+ last_value(price) OVER w,
+ max(price) OVER w,
+ min(price) OVER w,
+ sum(price) OVER w,
+ avg(price) OVER w,
+ count(price) OVER w
+FROM stock
+WINDOW w AS (
+PARTITION BY company
+ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+INITIAL
+PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+DEFINE
+START AS TRUE,
+UP AS price > PREV(price),
+DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+
+--
+-- Error cases
+--
+
+-- row pattern definition variable name must not appear more than once
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price),
+  UP AS price > PREV(price)
+);
+
+-- pattern variable name must appear in DEFINE
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+ END)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+
+-- FRAME must start at current row when row patttern recognition is used
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ INITIAL
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
+
+-- SEEK is not supported
+SELECT company, tdate, price, first_value(price) OVER w, last_value(price) OVER w
+ FROM stock
+ WINDOW w AS (
+ PARTITION BY company
+ ORDER BY tdate
+ ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING
+ AFTER MATCH SKIP TO NEXT ROW
+ SEEK
+ PATTERN (START UP+ DOWN+)
+ DEFINE
+  START AS TRUE,
+  UP AS price > PREV(price),
+  DOWN AS price < PREV(price)
+);
-- 
2.25.1

From a890fc1ef2d7df6cb12e6aa20fc9f1d8c2bde21b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tatsuo Ishii <ishii@postgresql.org>
Date: Mon, 25 Sep 2023 14:01:14 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v8 7/7] Allow to print raw parse tree.

---
 src/backend/tcop/postgres.c | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
index 21b9763183..3e3653816e 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
@@ -651,6 +651,10 @@ pg_parse_query(const char *query_string)
     }
 #endif
 
+    if (Debug_print_parse)
+        elog_node_display(LOG, "raw parse tree", raw_parsetree_list,
+                          Debug_pretty_print);
+
     TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_PARSE_DONE(query_string);
 
     return raw_parsetree_list;
-- 
2.25.1