Re: HASH_BLOBS hazards (was Re: PATCH: logical_work_mem and logical streaming of large in-progress transactions)

On Sun, Dec 13, 2020 at 11:49:31AM -0500, Tom Lane wrote:
> But what jumps out at me here is that this sort of error seems way
> too easy to make, and evidently way too hard to detect.  What can we
> do to make it more obvious if one has incorrectly used or omitted
> HASH_BLOBS?  Both directions of error might easily escape notice on
> little-endian hardware.
> 
> I thought of a few ideas, all of which have drawbacks:
> 
> 1. Invert the sense of the flag, ie HASH_BLOBS becomes the default.
> This seems to just move the problem somewhere else, besides which
> it'd require touching an awful lot of callers, and would silently
> break third-party callers.
> 
> 2. Don't allow a default: invent a new HASH_STRING flag, and
> require that hash_create() calls specify exactly one of HASH_BLOBS,
> HASH_STRING, or HASH_FUNCTION.  This doesn't completely fix the
> hazard of mindless-copy-and-paste, but I think it might make it
> a little more obvious.  Still requires touching a lot of calls.

I like (2), for making the bug harder and for greppability.  Probably
pluralize it to HASH_STRINGS, for the parallel with HASH_BLOBS.

> 3. Add some sort of heuristic restriction on keysize.  A keysize
> that's only 4 or 8 bytes almost certainly is not a string.
> This doesn't give us much traction for larger keysizes, though.
> 
> 4. Disallow empty string keys, ie something like "Assert(s_len > 0)"
> in string_hash().  I think we could get away with that given that
> SQL disallows empty identifiers.  However, it would only help to
> catch one direction of error (omitting HASH_BLOBS), and it would
> only help on big-endian hardware, which is getting harder to find.
> Still, we could hope that the buildfarm would detect errors.

It's nontrivial to confirm that the empty-string key can't happen for a given
hash table.  (In contrast, what (3) asserts on is usually a compile-time
constant.)  I would stop short of adding (4), though it could be okay.

> A quick count of grep hits suggest that the large majority of
> existing hash_create() calls use HASH_BLOBS, and there might be
> only order-of-ten calls that would need to be touched if we
> required an explicit HASH_STRING flag.  So option #2 is seeming
> kind of attractive.  Maybe that together with an assertion that
> string keys have to exceed 8 or 16 bytes would be enough protection.

Agreed.  I expect (2) gives most of the benefit.  Requiring 8-byte capacity
should be harmless, and most architectures can zero 8 bytes in one
instruction.  Requiring more bytes trades specificity for sensitivity.

> A different angle we could think about is that the name "HASH_BLOBS"
> is kind of un-obvious.  Maybe we should deprecate that spelling in
> favor of something like "HASH_BINARY".

With (2) in place, I wouldn't worry about renaming HASH_BLOBS.  It's hard to
confuse with HASH_STRINGS or HASH_FUNCTION.  If anything, HASH_BLOBS conveys
something more specific.  HASH_FUNCTION cases see binary data, but that data
has structure that promotes it out of "blob" status.