Re: Autovacuum on partitioned table (autoanalyze)

Regarding this patch:

+     * the ANALYZE message as it resets the partition's changes_since_analze
=> analyze

+     * If the relation is a partitioned table, we must add up children's
childrens'

The approach in general:

I see an issue for timeseries data, where only the most recent partition is
being inserted into, and the histogram endpoint is being continuously extended
(this is our use-case).  The most recent partition will be analyzed pretty
often, and I think it'll be problematic if its parent doesn't get similar
treatment.  Let's say there are 12 historic, monthly children with 1e6 tuples
each, and the 13th child has 2e5 tuples (6 days into the month).  It's analyzed
when it grows by 20% (1.2 days), but at that point the parent has only grown by
12x less (~2%) and won't be analyzed until 12x further into the future (14
days).  Its histogram is 12x longer (geometrically), but the histogram changed
by just as much (arithmetically).  That's an issue for a query over "the last
few days"; if that's past the end of the histogram bound, the query planner
will estimate about ~0 tuples, and tend to give cascades of nested loops.  I'm
biased, but I'm guessing that's too common a use case to answer that the proper
fix is to set the parent's analyze_scale_factor=0.0005.  I think that suggests
that the parent might sometimes need to be analyzed every time any of its
children are.  In other cases (like probably any hash partitioning), that'd be
excessive, and maybe the default settings shouldn't do that, but I think that
behavior ought to be possible, and I think this patch doesn't allow that.  

In the past, I think there's was talk that maybe someone would invent a clever
way to dynamically combine all the partitions' statistics, so analyzing the
parent wasn't needed.  I think that's easy enough for reltuples, MCV, and I
think histogram, but ISTM that ndistinct is simultaneously important to get
right and hard to do so.  It depends on whether it's the partition key, which
now can be an arbitrary expression.  Extended stats further complicates it,
even if we didn't aim to dynamically compute extended stats for a parent.

While writing this, it occured to me that we could use "CREATE STATISTICS" as a
way to mark a partitioned table (or certain columns) as needing to be handled
by analyze.  I understand "CREATE STATs" was intended to (eventually) allow
implementing stats on expressions without using "create index" as a hack.  So
if it's excessive to automatically analyze a parent table when any of its
children are analyzed, maybe it's less excessive to only do that for parents
with a stats object, and only on the given colums.  I realize this patch is
alot less useful if it requires to do anything extra/nondefault, and it's
desirable to work without creating a stats object at all.  Also, using CREATE
STATs would reduces the CPU cost of re-analyzing the entire heirarchy, but
doesn't help to reduce the I/O cost, which is significant.

-- 
Justin