Re: pg data backup from vps

On 01/12/17, support-tiger (support@tigernassau.com) wrote:
> To diversify risk, we would like to have a daily or weekly data backup
> stored in another location besides the VPS service we are using - pg_dump is
> great for the backup but transferring a growing db across the internet to a
> local machine disk seems slow - how are others handling this with postgresql
> ?  Thks.

Speed is related to size. If you have a problem with the speed of data
transfer, you really might want to look at different ways of backing up.
Here is one pretty straightforward strategy based on both pg_dump and
streaming replication:

1. pg_dump
   use the -Fc flags for compression
   use the -j option to parallelize the dumps
   consider adding an audit schema and inserting a row just before the
   dump to make it easy to check the dump worked with pg_restore (you
   can grep pg_restore output)
   consider dumping twice a day and then rsync those files to nearby
   machines and offsite.
   'nearby machines' is in case we have to restore quickly and it can
   take a lot of time to get big files back into production.
   'offsite' because the place you have your database server might
   evaporate

2. streaming replication
   keep streaming changes to other servers
   https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/warm-standby.html
   again you might want local and remote servers to the existing main
   database
   'local' so if you have other servers using the database they can
   switch over to another server in the same space
   'remote' so you have pretty up-to-date information on a remote server
   that you can use if the place where your main database server
   evaporates
   a cool thing is you can play with the WAL file replay mechanisms so
   that you can keep a slave roughly an hour behind the main database
   server, for example, which can be nice if someone just did something
   really bad in production.

These two approaches serve different purposes. Generally having a live,
up-to-date version of your database elsewhere based on streaming
replication is the most valuable thing to have if your main database
server goes down, and it can be brilliant having those other servers for
read-only tests and - if you are careful about offlining them and making
them masters - upgrade testing.  But if a data bug or some other issue
started affecting data over time, or you need to retrieve the state of
something a month ago, you really might need dumps too.

I'm sure others will have much more sage advice, but that is a starter
for 10. 

Rory