Re: [HACKERS] [GENERAL] workaround for lack of REPLACE()

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От Bruce Momjian
Тема Re: [HACKERS] [GENERAL] workaround for lack of REPLACE()
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Msg-id 200208220323.g7M3Nqc00798@candle.pha.pa.us
обсуждение исходный текст
Ответ на Re: [HACKERS] [GENERAL] workaround for lack of REPLACE()  (Joe Conway <mail@joeconway.com>)
Список pgsql-patches
Patch applied.  Thanks.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------



Joe Conway wrote:
> Joe Conway wrote:
> > I took Tom's advice and added wrapper functions around text_substr() and
> > bytea_substr() to cover the 2 argument case.
> >
> > I also added tests to strings.sql to cover substr() on toasted columns
> > of both text and bytea.
> >
>
> Please replace the original patch (substr.2002.08.14.1.patch) with the
> attached. It includes everything from the previous one, plus newly
> implemented builtin functions:
>
> replace(string, from, to)
>    -- replaces all occurrences of "from" in "string" to "to"
> split(string, fldsep, column)
>    -- splits "string" on "fldsep" and returns "column" number piece
> to_hex(int32_num) & to_hex(int64_num)
>    -- takes integer number and returns as hex string
>
> All previously discussed on the list; see thread at:
> http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-hackers/2002-07/msg00511.php
>
> Examples:
>
> SELECT replace('yabadabadoo', 'ba', '123') AS "ya123da123doo";
>   ya123da123doo
> ---------------
>   ya123da123doo
> (1 row)
>
> select split('joeuser@mydatabase','@',1) AS "joeuser";
>   joeuser
> ---------
>   joeuser
> (1 row)
>
> select split('joeuser@mydatabase','@',2) AS "mydatabase";
>   mydatabase
> ------------
>   mydatabase
> (1 row)
>
> select to_hex(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS
> "ffffffff";
>   ffffffff
> ----------
>   ffffffff
> (1 row)
>
> Tests have been added to the regression suite.
>
> Passes all regression tests. I've checked the strings.sql script in a
> multibyte database and it works fine also. I'd appreciate a good look by
> someone more familiar with multibyte related issues though.
>
> If it is OK, I'd like to hold off on docs until this is committed and
> after beta starts.
>
> If there are no objections, please apply.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Joe

> Index: src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
> ===================================================================
> RCS file: /opt/src/cvs/pgsql-server/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c,v
> retrieving revision 1.87
> diff -c -r1.87 varlena.c
> *** src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c    4 Aug 2002 06:44:47 -0000    1.87
> --- src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c    16 Aug 2002 19:54:03 -0000
> ***************
> *** 18,23 ****
> --- 18,25 ----
>
>   #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
>   #include "miscadmin.h"
> + #include "access/tuptoaster.h"
> + #include "lib/stringinfo.h"
>   #include "utils/builtins.h"
>   #include "utils/pg_locale.h"
>
> ***************
> *** 27,34 ****
> --- 29,62 ----
>   #define DatumGetUnknownP(X)            ((unknown *) PG_DETOAST_DATUM(X))
>   #define PG_GETARG_UNKNOWN_P(n)        DatumGetUnknownP(PG_GETARG_DATUM(n))
>   #define PG_RETURN_UNKNOWN_P(x)        PG_RETURN_POINTER(x)
> + #define PG_TEXTARG_GET_STR(arg_) \
> +     DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout, PG_GETARG_DATUM(arg_)))
> + #define PG_TEXT_GET_STR(textp_) \
> +     DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout, PointerGetDatum(textp_)))
> + #define PG_STR_GET_TEXT(str_) \
> +     DatumGetTextP(DirectFunctionCall1(textin, CStringGetDatum(str_)))
> + #define TEXTLEN(textp) \
> +     text_length(PointerGetDatum(textp))
> + #define TEXTPOS(buf_text, from_sub_text) \
> +     text_position(PointerGetDatum(buf_text), PointerGetDatum(from_sub_text), 1)
> + #define TEXTDUP(textp) \
> +     DatumGetTextPCopy(PointerGetDatum(textp))
> + #define LEFT(buf_text, from_sub_text) \
> +     text_substring(PointerGetDatum(buf_text), \
> +                     1, \
> +                     TEXTPOS(buf_text, from_sub_text) - 1, false)
> + #define RIGHT(buf_text, from_sub_text, from_sub_text_len) \
> +     text_substring(PointerGetDatum(buf_text), \
> +                     TEXTPOS(buf_text, from_sub_text) + from_sub_text_len, \
> +                     -1, true)
>
>   static int    text_cmp(text *arg1, text *arg2);
> + static int32 text_length(Datum str);
> + static int32 text_position(Datum str, Datum search_str, int matchnum);
> + static text *text_substring(Datum str,
> +                             int32 start,
> +                             int32 length,
> +                             bool length_not_specified);
>
>
>   /*****************************************************************************
> ***************
> *** 285,303 ****
>   Datum
>   textlen(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     text       *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
>
> ! #ifdef MULTIBYTE
> !     /* optimization for single byte encoding */
> !     if (pg_database_encoding_max_length() <= 1)
> !         PG_RETURN_INT32(VARSIZE(t) - VARHDRSZ);
> !
> !     PG_RETURN_INT32(
> !         pg_mbstrlen_with_len(VARDATA(t), VARSIZE(t) - VARHDRSZ)
> !         );
> ! #else
> !     PG_RETURN_INT32(VARSIZE(t) - VARHDRSZ);
> ! #endif
>   }
>
>   /*
> --- 313,348 ----
>   Datum
>   textlen(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     PG_RETURN_INT32(text_length(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0)));
> ! }
>
> ! /*
> !  * text_length -
> !  *    Does the real work for textlen()
> !  *    This is broken out so it can be called directly by other string processing
> !  *    functions.
> !  */
> ! static int32
> ! text_length(Datum str)
> ! {
> !     /* fastpath when max encoding length is one */
> !     if (pg_database_encoding_max_length() == 1)
> !         PG_RETURN_INT32(toast_raw_datum_size(str) - VARHDRSZ);
> !
> !     if (pg_database_encoding_max_length() > 1)
> !     {
> !         text       *t = DatumGetTextP(str);
> !
> !         PG_RETURN_INT32(pg_mbstrlen_with_len(VARDATA(t),
> !                                      VARSIZE(t) - VARHDRSZ));
> !     }
> !
> !     /* should never get here */
> !     elog(ERROR, "Invalid backend encoding; encoding max length "
> !                 "is less than one.");
> !
> !     /* not reached: suppress compiler warning */
> !     return 0;
>   }
>
>   /*
> ***************
> *** 308,316 ****
>   Datum
>   textoctetlen(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     text    *arg = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
> !
> !     PG_RETURN_INT32(VARSIZE(arg) - VARHDRSZ);
>   }
>
>   /*
> --- 353,359 ----
>   Datum
>   textoctetlen(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     PG_RETURN_INT32(toast_raw_datum_size(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0)) - VARHDRSZ);
>   }
>
>   /*
> ***************
> *** 382,471 ****
>    * - Thomas Lockhart 1998-12-10
>    * Now uses faster TOAST-slicing interface
>    * - John Gray 2002-02-22
>    */
>   Datum
>   text_substr(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     text       *string;
> !     int32        m = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
> !     int32        n = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
> !     int32       sm;
> !     int32       sn;
> !     int         eml = 1;
> ! #ifdef MULTIBYTE
> !     int            i;
> !     int            len;
> !     text       *ret;
> !     char       *p;
> ! #endif
>
> !     /*
> !      * starting position before the start of the string? then offset into
> !      * the string per SQL92 spec...
> !      */
> !     if (m < 1)
>       {
> !         n += (m - 1);
> !         m = 1;
> !     }
> !     /* Check for m > octet length is made in TOAST access routine */
>
> !     /* m will now become a zero-based starting position */
> !     sm = m - 1;
> !     sn = n;
>
> ! #ifdef MULTIBYTE
> !     eml = pg_database_encoding_max_length ();
>
> !     if (eml > 1)
>       {
> !         sm = 0;
> !         if (n > -1)
> !             sn = (m + n) * eml + 3; /* +3 to avoid mb characters overhanging slice end */
>           else
> !             sn = n;        /* n < 0 is special-cased by heap_tuple_untoast_attr_slice */
> !     }
> ! #endif
>
> !     string = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P_SLICE (0, sm, sn);
>
> !     if (eml == 1)
> !     {
> !         PG_RETURN_TEXT_P (string);
> !     }
> ! #ifndef MULTIBYTE
> !     PG_RETURN_NULL();   /* notreached: suppress compiler warning */
> ! #endif
> ! #ifdef MULTIBYTE
> !     if (n > -1)
> !         len = pg_mbstrlen_with_len (VARDATA (string), sn - 3);
> !     else    /* n < 0 is special-cased; need full string length */
> !         len = pg_mbstrlen_with_len (VARDATA (string), VARSIZE(string)-VARHDRSZ);
> !
> !     if (m > len)
> !     {
> !         m = 1;
> !         n = 0;
> !     }
> !     m--;
> !     if (((m + n) > len) || (n < 0))
> !         n = (len - m);
> !
> !     p = VARDATA(string);
> !     for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
> !         p += pg_mblen(p);
> !     m = p - VARDATA(string);
> !     for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
> !         p += pg_mblen(p);
> !     n = p - (VARDATA(string) + m);
>
> !     ret = (text *) palloc(VARHDRSZ + n);
> !     VARATT_SIZEP(ret) = VARHDRSZ + n;
>
> !     memcpy(VARDATA(ret), VARDATA(string) + m, n);
>
> !     PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(ret);
> ! #endif
>   }
>
>   /*
> --- 425,625 ----
>    * - Thomas Lockhart 1998-12-10
>    * Now uses faster TOAST-slicing interface
>    * - John Gray 2002-02-22
> +  * Remove "#ifdef MULTIBYTE" and test for encoding_max_length instead. Change
> +  * behaviors conflicting with SQL92 to meet SQL92 (if E = S + L < S throw
> +  * error; if E < 1, return '', not entire string). Fixed MB related bug when
> +  * S > LC and < LC + 4 sometimes garbage characters are returned.
> +  * - Joe Conway 2002-08-10
>    */
>   Datum
>   text_substr(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(text_substring(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0),
> !                                     PG_GETARG_INT32(1),
> !                                     PG_GETARG_INT32(2),
> !                                     false));
> ! }
>
> ! /*
> !  * text_substr_no_len -
> !  *      Wrapper to avoid opr_sanity failure due to
> !  *      one function accepting a different number of args.
> !  */
> ! Datum
> ! text_substr_no_len(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
> ! {
> !     PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(text_substring(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0),
> !                                     PG_GETARG_INT32(1),
> !                                     -1, true));
> ! }
> !
> ! /*
> !  * text_substring -
> !  *    Does the real work for text_substr() and text_substr_no_len()
> !  *    This is broken out so it can be called directly by other string processing
> !  *    functions.
> !  */
> ! static text*
> ! text_substring(Datum str, int32 start, int32 length, bool length_not_specified)
> ! {
> !     int32        eml = pg_database_encoding_max_length();
> !     int32        S = start;                /* start position */
> !     int32        S1;                        /* adjusted start position */
> !     int32        L1;                        /* adjusted substring length */
> !
> !     /* life is easy if the encoding max length is 1 */
> !     if (eml == 1)
>       {
> !         S1 = Max(S, 1);
>
> !         if (length_not_specified)    /* special case - get length to end of string */
> !             L1 = -1;
> !         else
> !         {
> !             /* end position */
> !             int    E = S + length;
>
> !             /*
> !              * A negative value for L is the only way for the end position
> !              * to be before the start. SQL99 says to throw an error.
> !              */
> !             if (E < S)
> !                 elog(ERROR, "negative substring length not allowed");
>
> !             /*
> !              * A zero or negative value for the end position can happen if the start
> !              * was negative or one. SQL99 says to return a zero-length string.
> !              */
> !             if (E < 1)
> !                 return PG_STR_GET_TEXT("");
> !
> !             L1 = E - S1;
> !         }
> !
> !         /*
> !          * If the start position is past the end of the string,
> !          * SQL99 says to return a zero-length string --
> !          * PG_GETARG_TEXT_P_SLICE() will do that for us.
> !          * Convert to zero-based starting position
> !          */
> !         return DatumGetTextPSlice(str, S1 - 1, L1);
> !     }
> !     else if (eml > 1)
>       {
> !         /*
> !          * When encoding max length is > 1, we can't get LC without
> !          * detoasting, so we'll grab a conservatively large slice
> !          * now and go back later to do the right thing
> !          */
> !         int32        slice_start;
> !         int32        slice_size;
> !         int32        slice_strlen;
> !         text        *slice;
> !         int32        E1;
> !         int32        i;
> !         char       *p;
> !         char       *s;
> !         text       *ret;
> !
> !         /*
> !          * if S is past the end of the string, the tuple toaster
> !          * will return a zero-length string to us
> !          */
> !         S1 = Max(S, 1);
> !
> !         /*
> !          * We need to start at position zero because there is no
> !          * way to know in advance which byte offset corresponds to
> !          * the supplied start position.
> !          */
> !         slice_start = 0;
> !
> !         if (length_not_specified)    /* special case - get length to end of string */
> !             slice_size = L1 = -1;
>           else
> !         {
> !             int    E = S + length;
> !
> !             /*
> !              * A negative value for L is the only way for the end position
> !              * to be before the start. SQL99 says to throw an error.
> !              */
> !             if (E < S)
> !                 elog(ERROR, "negative substring length not allowed");
>
> !             /*
> !              * A zero or negative value for the end position can happen if the start
> !              * was negative or one. SQL99 says to return a zero-length string.
> !              */
> !             if (E < 1)
> !                 return PG_STR_GET_TEXT("");
>
> !             /*
> !              * if E is past the end of the string, the tuple toaster
> !              * will truncate the length for us
> !              */
> !             L1 = E - S1;
> !
> !             /*
> !              * Total slice size in bytes can't be any longer than the start
> !              * position plus substring length times the encoding max length.
> !              */
> !             slice_size = (S1 + L1) * eml;
> !         }
> !         slice = DatumGetTextPSlice(str, slice_start, slice_size);
>
> !         /* see if we got back an empty string */
> !         if ((VARSIZE(slice) - VARHDRSZ) == 0)
> !             return PG_STR_GET_TEXT("");
>
> !         /* Now we can get the actual length of the slice in MB characters */
> !         slice_strlen = pg_mbstrlen_with_len (VARDATA(slice), VARSIZE(slice) - VARHDRSZ);
>
> !         /* Check that the start position wasn't > slice_strlen. If so,
> !          * SQL99 says to return a zero-length string.
> !          */
> !         if (S1 > slice_strlen)
> !             return PG_STR_GET_TEXT("");
> !
> !         /*
> !          * Adjust L1 and E1 now that we know the slice string length.
> !          * Again remember that S1 is one based, and slice_start is zero based.
> !          */
> !         if (L1 > -1)
> !             E1 = Min(S1 + L1 , slice_start + 1 + slice_strlen);
> !         else
> !             E1 = slice_start + 1 + slice_strlen;
> !
> !         /*
> !          * Find the start position in the slice;
> !          * remember S1 is not zero based
> !          */
> !         p = VARDATA(slice);
> !         for (i = 0; i < S1 - 1; i++)
> !             p += pg_mblen(p);
> !
> !         /* hang onto a pointer to our start position */
> !         s = p;
> !
> !         /*
> !          * Count the actual bytes used by the substring of
> !          * the requested length.
> !          */
> !         for (i = S1; i < E1; i++)
> !             p += pg_mblen(p);
> !
> !         ret = (text *) palloc(VARHDRSZ + (p - s));
> !         VARATT_SIZEP(ret) = VARHDRSZ + (p - s);
> !         memcpy(VARDATA(ret), s, (p - s));
> !
> !         return ret;
> !     }
> !     else
> !         elog(ERROR, "Invalid backend encoding; encoding max length "
> !                     "is less than one.");
> !
> !     /* not reached: suppress compiler warning */
> !     return PG_STR_GET_TEXT("");
>   }
>
>   /*
> ***************
> *** 481,536 ****
>   Datum
>   textpos(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     text       *t1 = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
> !     text       *t2 = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(1);
> !     int            pos;
> !     int            px,
> !                 p;
> !     int            len1,
>                   len2;
> -     pg_wchar   *p1,
> -                *p2;
>
> ! #ifdef MULTIBYTE
> !     pg_wchar   *ps1,
> !                *ps2;
> ! #endif
>
>       if (VARSIZE(t2) <= VARHDRSZ)
>           PG_RETURN_INT32(1);        /* result for empty pattern */
>
>       len1 = (VARSIZE(t1) - VARHDRSZ);
>       len2 = (VARSIZE(t2) - VARHDRSZ);
> ! #ifdef MULTIBYTE
> !     ps1 = p1 = (pg_wchar *) palloc((len1 + 1) * sizeof(pg_wchar));
> !     (void) pg_mb2wchar_with_len((unsigned char *) VARDATA(t1), p1, len1);
> !     len1 = pg_wchar_strlen(p1);
> !     ps2 = p2 = (pg_wchar *) palloc((len2 + 1) * sizeof(pg_wchar));
> !     (void) pg_mb2wchar_with_len((unsigned char *) VARDATA(t2), p2, len2);
> !     len2 = pg_wchar_strlen(p2);
> ! #else
> !     p1 = VARDATA(t1);
> !     p2 = VARDATA(t2);
> ! #endif
> !     pos = 0;
>       px = (len1 - len2);
> !     for (p = 0; p <= px; p++)
>       {
> ! #ifdef MULTIBYTE
> !         if ((*p2 == *p1) && (pg_wchar_strncmp(p1, p2, len2) == 0))
> ! #else
> !         if ((*p2 == *p1) && (strncmp(p1, p2, len2) == 0))
> ! #endif
>           {
> !             pos = p + 1;
> !             break;
> !         };
> !         p1++;
> !     };
> ! #ifdef MULTIBYTE
> !     pfree(ps1);
> !     pfree(ps2);
> ! #endif
>       PG_RETURN_INT32(pos);
>   }
>
> --- 635,729 ----
>   Datum
>   textpos(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     PG_RETURN_INT32(text_position(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0), PG_GETARG_DATUM(1), 1));
> ! }
> !
> ! /*
> !  * text_position -
> !  *    Does the real work for textpos()
> !  *    This is broken out so it can be called directly by other string processing
> !  *    functions.
> !  */
> ! static int32
> ! text_position(Datum str, Datum search_str, int matchnum)
> ! {
> !     int            eml = pg_database_encoding_max_length();
> !     text       *t1 = DatumGetTextP(str);
> !     text       *t2 = DatumGetTextP(search_str);
> !     int            match = 0,
> !                 pos = 0,
> !                 p = 0,
> !                 px,
> !                 len1,
>                   len2;
>
> !     if(matchnum == 0)
> !         return 0;        /* result for 0th match */
>
>       if (VARSIZE(t2) <= VARHDRSZ)
>           PG_RETURN_INT32(1);        /* result for empty pattern */
>
>       len1 = (VARSIZE(t1) - VARHDRSZ);
>       len2 = (VARSIZE(t2) - VARHDRSZ);
> !
> !     /* no use in searching str past point where search_str will fit */
>       px = (len1 - len2);
> !
> !     if (eml == 1)    /* simple case - single byte encoding */
>       {
> !         char   *p1,
> !                *p2;
> !
> !         p1 = VARDATA(t1);
> !         p2 = VARDATA(t2);
> !
> !         for (p = 0; p <= px; p++)
>           {
> !             if ((*p2 == *p1) && (strncmp(p1, p2, len2) == 0))
> !             {
> !                 if (++match == matchnum)
> !                 {
> !                     pos = p + 1;
> !                     break;
> !                 }
> !             }
> !             p1++;
> !         }
> !     }
> !     else if (eml > 1)    /* not as simple - multibyte encoding */
> !     {
> !         pg_wchar   *p1,
> !                    *p2,
> !                    *ps1,
> !                    *ps2;
> !
> !         ps1 = p1 = (pg_wchar *) palloc((len1 + 1) * sizeof(pg_wchar));
> !         (void) pg_mb2wchar_with_len((unsigned char *) VARDATA(t1), p1, len1);
> !         len1 = pg_wchar_strlen(p1);
> !         ps2 = p2 = (pg_wchar *) palloc((len2 + 1) * sizeof(pg_wchar));
> !         (void) pg_mb2wchar_with_len((unsigned char *) VARDATA(t2), p2, len2);
> !         len2 = pg_wchar_strlen(p2);
> !
> !         for (p = 0; p <= px; p++)
> !         {
> !             if ((*p2 == *p1) && (pg_wchar_strncmp(p1, p2, len2) == 0))
> !             {
> !                 if (++match == matchnum)
> !                 {
> !                     pos = p + 1;
> !                     break;
> !                 }
> !             }
> !             p1++;
> !         }
> !
> !         pfree(ps1);
> !         pfree(ps2);
> !     }
> !     else
> !         elog(ERROR, "Invalid backend encoding; encoding max length "
> !                     "is less than one.");
> !
>       PG_RETURN_INT32(pos);
>   }
>
> ***************
> *** 758,766 ****
>   Datum
>   byteaoctetlen(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     bytea       *v = PG_GETARG_BYTEA_P(0);
> !
> !     PG_RETURN_INT32(VARSIZE(v) - VARHDRSZ);
>   }
>
>   /*
> --- 951,957 ----
>   Datum
>   byteaoctetlen(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     PG_RETURN_INT32(toast_raw_datum_size(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0)) - VARHDRSZ);
>   }
>
>   /*
> ***************
> *** 805,810 ****
> --- 996,1003 ----
>       PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(result);
>   }
>
> + #define PG_STR_GET_BYTEA(str_) \
> +     DatumGetByteaP(DirectFunctionCall1(byteain, CStringGetDatum(str_)))
>   /*
>    * bytea_substr()
>    * Return a substring starting at the specified position.
> ***************
> *** 813,845 ****
>    * Input:
>    *    - string
>    *    - starting position (is one-based)
> !  *    - string length
>    *
>    * If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
>    * adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL92.
> !  * If the length is less than zero, return the remaining string.
> !  *
>    */
>   Datum
>   bytea_substr(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     int32        m = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);
> !     int32        n = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
>
> !     /*
> !      * starting position before the start of the string? then offset into
> !      * the string per SQL92 spec...
> !      */
> !     if (m < 1)
>       {
> !         n += (m - 1);
> !         m = 1;
>       }
>
> !     /* m will now become a zero-based starting position */
> !     m--;
>
> !     PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(PG_GETARG_BYTEA_P_SLICE (0, m, n));
>   }
>
>   /*
> --- 1006,1076 ----
>    * Input:
>    *    - string
>    *    - starting position (is one-based)
> !  *    - string length (optional)
>    *
>    * If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
>    * adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL92.
> !  * If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown. If no third argument
> !  * (length) is provided, the length to the end of the string is assumed.
>    */
>   Datum
>   bytea_substr(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
>   {
> !     int        S = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);    /* start position */
> !     int        S1;                        /* adjusted start position */
> !     int        L1;                        /* adjusted substring length */
>
> !     S1 = Max(S, 1);
> !
> !     if (fcinfo->nargs == 2)
> !     {
> !         /*
> !          * Not passed a length - PG_GETARG_BYTEA_P_SLICE()
> !          * grabs everything to the end of the string if we pass it
> !          * a negative value for length.
> !          */
> !         L1 = -1;
> !     }
> !     else
>       {
> !         /* end position */
> !         int    E = S + PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
> !
> !         /*
> !          * A negative value for L is the only way for the end position
> !          * to be before the start. SQL99 says to throw an error.
> !          */
> !         if (E < S)
> !             elog(ERROR, "negative substring length not allowed");
> !
> !         /*
> !          * A zero or negative value for the end position can happen if the start
> !          * was negative or one. SQL99 says to return a zero-length string.
> !          */
> !         if (E < 1)
> !             PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(PG_STR_GET_BYTEA(""));
> !
> !         L1 = E - S1;
>       }
>
> !     /*
> !      * If the start position is past the end of the string,
> !      * SQL99 says to return a zero-length string --
> !      * PG_GETARG_TEXT_P_SLICE() will do that for us.
> !      * Convert to zero-based starting position
> !      */
> !     PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(PG_GETARG_BYTEA_P_SLICE (0, S1 - 1, L1));
> ! }
>
> ! /*
> !  * bytea_substr_no_len -
> !  *      Wrapper to avoid opr_sanity failure due to
> !  *      one function accepting a different number of args.
> !  */
> ! Datum
> ! bytea_substr_no_len(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
> ! {
> !     return bytea_substr(fcinfo);
>   }
>
>   /*
> ***************
> *** 1422,1424 ****
> --- 1653,1834 ----
>
>       PG_RETURN_INT32(cmp);
>   }
> +
> + /*
> +  * replace_text
> +  * replace all occurences of 'old_sub_str' in 'orig_str'
> +  * with 'new_sub_str' to form 'new_str'
> +  *
> +  * returns 'orig_str' if 'old_sub_str' == '' or 'orig_str' == ''
> +  * otherwise returns 'new_str'
> +  */
> + Datum
> + replace_text(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
> + {
> +     text        *left_text;
> +     text        *right_text;
> +     text        *buf_text;
> +     text        *ret_text;
> +     int            curr_posn;
> +     text        *src_text = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
> +     int            src_text_len = TEXTLEN(src_text);
> +     text        *from_sub_text = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(1);
> +     int            from_sub_text_len = TEXTLEN(from_sub_text);
> +     text        *to_sub_text = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(2);
> +     char        *to_sub_str = PG_TEXT_GET_STR(to_sub_text);
> +     StringInfo    str = makeStringInfo();
> +
> +     if (src_text_len == 0 || from_sub_text_len == 0)
> +         PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(src_text);
> +
> +     buf_text = TEXTDUP(src_text);
> +     curr_posn = TEXTPOS(buf_text, from_sub_text);
> +
> +     while (curr_posn > 0)
> +     {
> +         left_text = LEFT(buf_text, from_sub_text);
> +         right_text = RIGHT(buf_text, from_sub_text, from_sub_text_len);
> +
> +         appendStringInfo(str, PG_TEXT_GET_STR(left_text));
> +         appendStringInfo(str, to_sub_str);
> +
> +         pfree(buf_text);
> +         pfree(left_text);
> +         buf_text = right_text;
> +         curr_posn = TEXTPOS(buf_text, from_sub_text);
> +     }
> +
> +     appendStringInfo(str, PG_TEXT_GET_STR(buf_text));
> +     pfree(buf_text);
> +
> +     ret_text = PG_STR_GET_TEXT(str->data);
> +     pfree(str->data);
> +     pfree(str);
> +
> +     PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(ret_text);
> + }
> +
> + /*
> +  * split_text
> +  * parse input string
> +  * return ord item (1 based)
> +  * based on provided field separator
> +  */
> + Datum
> + split_text(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
> + {
> +     text       *inputstring = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(0);
> +     int            inputstring_len = TEXTLEN(inputstring);
> +     text       *fldsep = PG_GETARG_TEXT_P(1);
> +     int            fldsep_len = TEXTLEN(fldsep);
> +     int            fldnum = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
> +     int            start_posn = 0;
> +     int            end_posn = 0;
> +     text        *result_text;
> +
> +     /* return empty string for empty input string */
> +     if (inputstring_len < 1)
> +         PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(PG_STR_GET_TEXT(""));
> +
> +     /* empty field separator */
> +     if (fldsep_len < 1)
> +     {
> +         if (fldnum == 1)    /* first field - just return the input string */
> +             PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(inputstring);
> +         else                /* otherwise return an empty string */
> +             PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(PG_STR_GET_TEXT(""));
> +     }
> +
> +     /* field number is 1 based */
> +     if (fldnum < 1)
> +         elog(ERROR, "field position must be > 0");
> +
> +     start_posn = text_position(PointerGetDatum(inputstring),
> +                                 PointerGetDatum(fldsep),
> +                                 fldnum - 1);
> +     end_posn = text_position(PointerGetDatum(inputstring),
> +                                 PointerGetDatum(fldsep),
> +                                 fldnum);
> +
> +     if ((start_posn == 0) && (end_posn == 0))    /* fldsep not found */
> +     {
> +         if (fldnum == 1)    /* first field - just return the input string */
> +             PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(inputstring);
> +         else                /* otherwise return an empty string */
> +             PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(PG_STR_GET_TEXT(""));
> +     }
> +     else if ((start_posn != 0) && (end_posn == 0))
> +     {
> +         /* last field requested */
> +         result_text = text_substring(PointerGetDatum(inputstring), start_posn + fldsep_len, -1, true);
> +         PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result_text);
> +     }
> +     else if ((start_posn == 0) && (end_posn != 0))
> +     {
> +         /* first field requested */
> +         result_text = LEFT(inputstring, fldsep);
> +         PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result_text);
> +     }
> +     else
> +     {
> +         /* prior to last field requested */
> +         result_text = text_substring(PointerGetDatum(inputstring), start_posn + fldsep_len, end_posn - start_posn -
fldsep_len,false); 
> +         PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result_text);
> +     }
> + }
> +
> + #define HEXBASE 16
> + /*
> +  * Convert a int32 to a string containing a base 16 (hex) representation of
> +  * the number.
> +  */
> + Datum
> + to_hex32(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
> + {
> +     static char        digits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
> +     char            buf[32];    /* bigger than needed, but reasonable */
> +     char           *ptr,
> +                    *end;
> +     text           *result_text;
> +     int32            value = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
> +
> +     end = ptr = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1;
> +     *ptr = '\0';
> +
> +     do
> +     {
> +         *--ptr = digits[value % HEXBASE];
> +         value /= HEXBASE;
> +     } while (ptr > buf && value);
> +
> +     result_text = PG_STR_GET_TEXT(ptr);
> +     PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result_text);
> + }
> +
> + /*
> +  * Convert a int64 to a string containing a base 16 (hex) representation of
> +  * the number.
> +  */
> + Datum
> + to_hex64(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
> + {
> +     static char        digits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
> +     char            buf[32];    /* bigger than needed, but reasonable */
> +     char            *ptr,
> +                     *end;
> +     text            *result_text;
> +     int64            value = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
> +
> +     end = ptr = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1;
> +     *ptr = '\0';
> +
> +     do
> +     {
> +         *--ptr = digits[value % HEXBASE];
> +         value /= HEXBASE;
> +     } while (ptr > buf && value);
> +
> +     result_text = PG_STR_GET_TEXT(ptr);
> +     PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result_text);
> + }
> +
> Index: src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h
> ===================================================================
> RCS file: /opt/src/cvs/pgsql-server/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h,v
> retrieving revision 1.254
> diff -c -r1.254 pg_proc.h
> *** src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h    15 Aug 2002 02:51:27 -0000    1.254
> --- src/include/catalog/pg_proc.h    16 Aug 2002 18:53:13 -0000
> ***************
> *** 2121,2127 ****
>   DESCR("remove initial characters from string");
>   DATA(insert OID =  882 (  rtrim           PGNSP PGUID 14 f f t f i 1 25 "25"  "select rtrim($1, \' \')" - _null_
));
>   DESCR("remove trailing characters from string");
> ! DATA(insert OID =  883 (  substr       PGNSP PGUID 14 f f t f i 2 25 "25 23"    "select substr($1, $2, -1)" -
_null_)); 
>   DESCR("return portion of string");
>   DATA(insert OID =  884 (  btrim           PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 2 25 "25 25"    btrim - _null_ ));
>   DESCR("trim both ends of string");
> --- 2121,2127 ----
>   DESCR("remove initial characters from string");
>   DATA(insert OID =  882 (  rtrim           PGNSP PGUID 14 f f t f i 1 25 "25"  "select rtrim($1, \' \')" - _null_
));
>   DESCR("remove trailing characters from string");
> ! DATA(insert OID =  883 (  substr       PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 2 25 "25 23"    text_substr_no_len - _null_ ));
>   DESCR("return portion of string");
>   DATA(insert OID =  884 (  btrim           PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 2 25 "25 25"    btrim - _null_ ));
>   DESCR("trim both ends of string");
> ***************
> *** 2130,2137 ****
>
>   DATA(insert OID =  936 (  substring    PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 3 25 "25 23 23"  text_substr - _null_ ));
>   DESCR("return portion of string");
> ! DATA(insert OID =  937 (  substring    PGNSP PGUID 14 f f t f i 2 25 "25 23"    "select substring($1, $2, -1)" -
_null_)); 
>   DESCR("return portion of string");
>
>   /* for multi-byte support */
>
> --- 2130,2145 ----
>
>   DATA(insert OID =  936 (  substring    PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 3 25 "25 23 23"  text_substr - _null_ ));
>   DESCR("return portion of string");
> ! DATA(insert OID =  937 (  substring    PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 2 25 "25 23"    text_substr_no_len - _null_ ));
>   DESCR("return portion of string");
> + DATA(insert OID =  2087 ( replace      PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 3 25 "25 25 25"  replace_text - _null_ ));
> + DESCR("replace all occurrences of old_substr with new_substr in string");
> + DATA(insert OID =  2088 ( split        PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 3 25 "25 25 23"  split_text - _null_ ));
> + DESCR("split string by field_sep and return field_num");
> + DATA(insert OID =  2089 ( to_hex       PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 1 25 "23"  to_hex32 - _null_ ));
> + DESCR("convert int32 number to hex");
> + DATA(insert OID =  2090 ( to_hex       PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 1 25 "20"  to_hex64 - _null_ ));
> + DESCR("convert int64 number to hex");
>
>   /* for multi-byte support */
>
> ***************
> *** 2778,2784 ****
>   DESCR("concatenate");
>   DATA(insert OID = 2012 (  substring           PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 3 17 "17 23 23"  bytea_substr - _null_ ));
>   DESCR("return portion of string");
> ! DATA(insert OID = 2013 (  substring           PGNSP PGUID 14 f f t f i 2 17 "17 23"    "select substring($1, $2,
-1)"- _null_ )); 
>   DESCR("return portion of string");
>   DATA(insert OID = 2014 (  position           PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 2 23 "17 17"    byteapos - _null_ ));
>   DESCR("return position of substring");
> --- 2786,2796 ----
>   DESCR("concatenate");
>   DATA(insert OID = 2012 (  substring           PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 3 17 "17 23 23"  bytea_substr - _null_ ));
>   DESCR("return portion of string");
> ! DATA(insert OID = 2013 (  substring           PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 2 17 "17 23"    bytea_substr_no_len - _null_
));
> ! DESCR("return portion of string");
> ! DATA(insert OID = 2085 (  substr           PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 3 17 "17 23 23"  bytea_substr - _null_ ));
> ! DESCR("return portion of string");
> ! DATA(insert OID = 2086 (  substr           PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 2 17 "17 23"    bytea_substr_no_len - _null_
));
>   DESCR("return portion of string");
>   DATA(insert OID = 2014 (  position           PGNSP PGUID 12 f f t f i 2 23 "17 17"    byteapos - _null_ ));
>   DESCR("return position of substring");
> Index: src/include/utils/builtins.h
> ===================================================================
> RCS file: /opt/src/cvs/pgsql-server/src/include/utils/builtins.h,v
> retrieving revision 1.191
> diff -c -r1.191 builtins.h
> *** src/include/utils/builtins.h    15 Aug 2002 02:51:27 -0000    1.191
> --- src/include/utils/builtins.h    16 Aug 2002 18:53:13 -0000
> ***************
> *** 447,458 ****
> --- 447,463 ----
>   extern Datum textoctetlen(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
>   extern Datum textpos(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
>   extern Datum text_substr(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
> + extern Datum text_substr_no_len(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
>   extern Datum name_text(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
>   extern Datum text_name(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
>   extern int    varstr_cmp(char *arg1, int len1, char *arg2, int len2);
>   extern List *textToQualifiedNameList(text *textval, const char *caller);
>   extern bool SplitIdentifierString(char *rawstring, char separator,
>                                     List **namelist);
> + extern Datum replace_text(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
> + extern Datum split_text(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
> + extern Datum to_hex32(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
> + extern Datum to_hex64(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
>
>   extern Datum unknownin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
>   extern Datum unknownout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
> ***************
> *** 476,481 ****
> --- 481,487 ----
>   extern Datum byteacat(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
>   extern Datum byteapos(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
>   extern Datum bytea_substr(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
> + extern Datum bytea_substr_no_len(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
>
>   /* version.c */
>   extern Datum pgsql_version(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
> Index: src/test/regress/expected/strings.out
> ===================================================================
> RCS file: /opt/src/cvs/pgsql-server/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out,v
> retrieving revision 1.12
> diff -c -r1.12 strings.out
> *** src/test/regress/expected/strings.out    11 Jun 2002 15:41:38 -0000    1.12
> --- src/test/regress/expected/strings.out    16 Aug 2002 18:53:13 -0000
> ***************
> *** 573,575 ****
> --- 573,738 ----
>    text and varchar
>   (1 row)
>
> + --
> + -- test substr with toasted text values
> + --
> + CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 text);
> + insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
> + insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
> + -- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
> + -- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL92.
> + SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
> +  substr
> + --------
> +  123
> +  123
> + (2 rows)
> +
> + -- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
> + SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
> + ERROR:  negative substring length not allowed
> + -- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
> + -- string is assumed.
> + SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
> +  substr
> + --------
> +  567890
> +  567890
> + (2 rows)
> +
> + -- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
> + -- string length
> + SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
> +  substr
> + --------
> +  567890
> +  567890
> + (2 rows)
> +
> + DROP TABLE toasttest;
> + --
> + -- test substr with toasted bytea values
> + --
> + CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 bytea);
> + insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
> + insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
> + -- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
> + -- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL92.
> + SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
> +  substr
> + --------
> +  123
> +  123
> + (2 rows)
> +
> + -- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
> + SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
> + ERROR:  negative substring length not allowed
> + -- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
> + -- string is assumed.
> + SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
> +  substr
> + --------
> +  567890
> +  567890
> + (2 rows)
> +
> + -- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
> + -- string length
> + SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
> +  substr
> + --------
> +  567890
> +  567890
> + (2 rows)
> +
> + DROP TABLE toasttest;
> + --
> + -- test length
> + --
> + SELECT length('abcdef') AS "length_6";
> +  length_6
> + ----------
> +         6
> + (1 row)
> +
> + --
> + -- test strpos
> + --
> + SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'cd') AS "pos_3";
> +  pos_3
> + -------
> +      3
> + (1 row)
> +
> + SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
> +  pos_0
> + -------
> +      0
> + (1 row)
> +
> + --
> + -- test replace
> + --
> + SELECT replace('abcdef', 'de', '45') AS "abc45f";
> +  abc45f
> + --------
> +  abc45f
> + (1 row)
> +
> + SELECT replace('yabadabadoo', 'ba', '123') AS "ya123da123doo";
> +  ya123da123doo
> + ---------------
> +  ya123da123doo
> + (1 row)
> +
> + SELECT replace('yabadoo', 'bad', '') AS "yaoo";
> +  yaoo
> + ------
> +  yaoo
> + (1 row)
> +
> + --
> + -- test split
> + --
> + select split('joeuser@mydatabase','@',0) AS "an error";
> + ERROR:  field position must be > 0
> + select split('joeuser@mydatabase','@',1) AS "joeuser";
> +  joeuser
> + ---------
> +  joeuser
> + (1 row)
> +
> + select split('joeuser@mydatabase','@',2) AS "mydatabase";
> +  mydatabase
> + ------------
> +  mydatabase
> + (1 row)
> +
> + select split('joeuser@mydatabase','@',3) AS "empty string";
> +  empty string
> + --------------
> +
> + (1 row)
> +
> + select split('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',2) AS "joeuser";
> +  joeuser
> + ---------
> +  joeuser
> + (1 row)
> +
> + --
> + -- test to_hex
> + --
> + select to_hex(256*256*256 - 1) AS "ffffff";
> +  ffffff
> + --------
> +  ffffff
> + (1 row)
> +
> + select to_hex(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "ffffffff";
> +  ffffffff
> + ----------
> +  ffffffff
> + (1 row)
> +
> Index: src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql
> ===================================================================
> RCS file: /opt/src/cvs/pgsql-server/src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql,v
> retrieving revision 1.8
> diff -c -r1.8 strings.sql
> *** src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql    11 Jun 2002 15:41:38 -0000    1.8
> --- src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql    16 Aug 2002 18:53:13 -0000
> ***************
> *** 197,199 ****
> --- 197,292 ----
>   SELECT text 'text' || char(20) ' and characters' AS "Concat text to char";
>
>   SELECT text 'text' || varchar ' and varchar' AS "Concat text to varchar";
> +
> + --
> + -- test substr with toasted text values
> + --
> + CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 text);
> +
> + insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
> + insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
> +
> + -- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
> + -- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL92.
> + SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
> +
> + -- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
> + SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
> +
> + -- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
> + -- string is assumed.
> + SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
> +
> + -- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
> + -- string length
> + SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
> +
> + DROP TABLE toasttest;
> +
> + --
> + -- test substr with toasted bytea values
> + --
> + CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 bytea);
> +
> + insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
> + insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
> +
> + -- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
> + -- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL92.
> + SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
> +
> + -- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
> + SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
> +
> + -- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
> + -- string is assumed.
> + SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
> +
> + -- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
> + -- string length
> + SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
> +
> + DROP TABLE toasttest;
> +
> + --
> + -- test length
> + --
> +
> + SELECT length('abcdef') AS "length_6";
> +
> + --
> + -- test strpos
> + --
> +
> + SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'cd') AS "pos_3";
> +
> + SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
> +
> + --
> + -- test replace
> + --
> + SELECT replace('abcdef', 'de', '45') AS "abc45f";
> +
> + SELECT replace('yabadabadoo', 'ba', '123') AS "ya123da123doo";
> +
> + SELECT replace('yabadoo', 'bad', '') AS "yaoo";
> +
> + --
> + -- test split
> + --
> + select split('joeuser@mydatabase','@',0) AS "an error";
> +
> + select split('joeuser@mydatabase','@',1) AS "joeuser";
> +
> + select split('joeuser@mydatabase','@',2) AS "mydatabase";
> +
> + select split('joeuser@mydatabase','@',3) AS "empty string";
> +
> + select split('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',2) AS "joeuser";
> +
> + --
> + -- test to_hex
> + --
> + select to_hex(256*256*256 - 1) AS "ffffff";
> +
> + select to_hex(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "ffffffff";

>
> ---------------------------(end of broadcast)---------------------------
> TIP 5: Have you checked our extensive FAQ?
>
> http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/docs/faq.html

--
  Bruce Momjian                        |  http://candle.pha.pa.us
  pgman@candle.pha.pa.us               |  (610) 359-1001
  +  If your life is a hard drive,     |  13 Roberts Road
  +  Christ can be your backup.        |  Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073

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