BUG #18558: ALTER PUBLICATION fails with unhelpful error on attempt to use system column

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference:      18558
Logged by:          Alexander Lakhin
Email address:      exclusion@gmail.com
PostgreSQL version: 17beta2
Operating system:   Ubuntu 22.04
Description:

The following script:
CREATE TABLE t(a int);
CREATE PUBLICATION p FOR TABLE t(a);

ALTER PUBLICATION p SET TABLE t (a, ctid);
triggers
ERROR:  negative bitmapset member not allowed

Whilst:
CREATE PUBLICATION p FOR TABLE t(a, ctid);
ends up with a more informative
ERROR:  cannot use system column "ctid" in publication column list

Reproduced on REL_15_STABLE .. master.