BUG #18184: ERROR: wrong varnullingrels (b) (expected (b 3)) for Var 2/2

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference:      18184
Logged by:          Marian Krucina
Email address:      marian.krucina@linuxbox.cz
PostgreSQL version: 16.0
Operating system:   AlmaLinux release 9.0
Description:

Hi,
We found a bug in PostgreSQL 16. I have simplified the case:

CREATE TABLE table1(table1_id serial, i int);
CREATE TABLE table2(table2_id serial, i int);
CREATE TABLE table3(table3_id serial, i int, a1 TEXT, a2 TEXT, a3 TEXT, a4
TEXT, a5 TEXT, a6 TEXT, a7 TEXT);
CREATE INDEX ON table3 (table3_id);

INSERT INTO table1 (i) SELECT generate_series(1, 1000);
INSERT INTO table2 (i) SELECT generate_series(1, 1000);
INSERT INTO table3 (i, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7) SELECT generate_series(1,
1000), random()::TEXT, random()::TEXT, random()::TEXT, random()::TEXT,
random()::TEXT, random()::TEXT, random()::TEXT;

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION function1(x table1)
 RETURNS text
 LANGUAGE sql
 IMMUTABLE
AS $function$
    SELECT
            CASE WHEN 10 < x.i THEN
                'aaa'
            ELSE
                'bbb'
            END
        ;
$function$;


SELECT
function1(table1)
FROM table2
LEFT JOIN table1 ON table1_id = table2_id
LEFT JOIN LATERAL (SELECT 1 FROM table3) AS tx3 ON (true)
LIMIT 5;

ERROR:  wrong varnullingrels (b) (expected (b 3)) for Var 2/2


SELECT version();
                                                 version
                             
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PostgreSQL 16.0 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 11.3.1
20221121 (Red Hat 11.3.1-4), 64-bit

Thank you,
Marian Krucina