BUG #17299: Exit code 3 when open connections concurrently (PQisthreadsafe() == 1)

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference:      17299
Logged by:          Clemens
Email address:      clemens@sussol.net
PostgreSQL version: 14.0
Operating system:   Windows
Description:

Hi,

We ran into a problem that came up when using diesel-rs to connect to
postgres. The used connection manager spins up connections concurrently on
startup. On Windows 10, the app startup of the client fails occasionally
(thread problem?). The issue can be reproduced in a minimal bin which just
tries to open 10 connections concurrently (see link *). Its a Rust app but
as far as I can see the used pq-sys Rust lib does direct c calls to libpq.
The issue is Windows only, Linux and Mac are working fine.

We are using the default PG Windows version from the website. Same result
with v14.0.1, v13.5.1 and v12.9.1. 

I attached the crash stacktrace **
For reference  I also attached a link to the original issue ***

Please let me know if you need more information.

*)
https://github.com/clemens-msupply/pg-startup-crash/blob/main/src/main.rs

**)
: Call Site
00 00007ffa`51e1cb68     : 00000000`00000003 00000281`eeb36be0
00000281`eeb21170 00000000`00000000 : ntdll!NtTerminateProcess+0x14
01 00007ffa`5172d62a     : 00000000`00000003 000000ec`7c7fe7e0
00000000`00000000 00000281`eeb36be0 : ntdll!RtlExitUserProcess+0xb8
02 00007ffa`4f99a2e5     : 00000281`eeb75f00 00000000`00000000
00000000`00000008 00000000`00000008 :
KERNEL32!ExitProcessImplementation+0xa
03 00007ffa`4f99a955     : 00000000`00000001 00000281`eeb36be0
00000000`00000008 00000000`06040002 : msvcrt!_crtExitProcess+0x15
04 00007ffa`4f98f2fd     : 00000281`eeb36fe0 00000281`eeb36be0
00000281`00000000 00000281`eeb21170 : msvcrt!doexit+0x171
05 00000000`68284fe3     : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : msvcrt!abort+0x8d
06 00000000`6828190c     : 00000001`80029288 00000001`80027680
00000000`00000000 000000ec`00000000 : libintl_9!libintl_dcigettext+0x643
07 00000001`80008313     : 0000212a`1a4222ff 000000ec`7c7fe988
00000281`eeb53be0 00007ffa`51e1b9c2 : libintl_9!libintl_dcgettext+0x1c
08 00000001`8000387e     : 00000281`eeb21170 00000281`eeb48dc0
00000281`eeb21170 00000281`eeb3fdd0 : LIBPQ!PQpingParams+0x2933
09 00000001`8000603c     : 00000000`00000000 00000281`eeb21170
00000281`eeb01ad0 00000281`eeafc450 : LIBPQ!PQconnectPoll+0x63e
0a 00000001`80003168     : 00000281`eeb21170 00000281`eeb01ad0
00000281`eeafc450 00000000`00000000 : LIBPQ!PQpingParams+0x65c
0b 00000001`800048db     : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000021
00000281`eeafc450 00000281`eeafc450 : LIBPQ!PQconnectStart+0x48
0c 00007ff6`8d214fe4     : 00000281`eeaf0000 00000000`00000000
00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : LIBPQ!PQconnectdb+0xb
0d 00007ff6`8d21789a     : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 :
pg_debug!pg_debug::main::closure$0+0xc4 [C:\github\pg-debug\src\main.rs @
30] 
0e 00007ff6`8d2191f1     : 00000000`00000002 00007ff6`8d239990
00000000`00000020 00000281`eeafea50 :
pg_debug!std::sys_common::backtrace::__rust_begin_short_backtrace<pg_debug::main::closure$0,tuple$<>
>+0x2a
[/rustc/09c42c45858d5f3aedfa670698275303a3d19afa\library\std\src\sys_common\backtrace.rs
@ 128] 
0f 00007ff6`8d21b681     : 000000ec`7c7ff6e8 00007ff6`8d211e16
00000000`00000040 00000000`00000050 :
pg_debug!std::thread::impl$0::spawn_unchecked::closure$0::closure$0<pg_debug::main::closure$0,tuple$<>
>+0x31
[/rustc/09c42c45858d5f3aedfa670698275303a3d19afa\library\std\src\thread\mod.rs
@ 482] 
10 00007ff6`8d217de5     : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
00000000`00000018 00000000`40000060 :

pg_debug!core::panic::unwind_safe::impl$23::call_once<tuple$<>,std::thread::impl$0::spawn_unchecked::closure$0::closure$0>+0x31
[/rustc/09c42c45858d5f3aedfa670698275303a3d19afa\library\core\src\panic\unwind_safe.rs
@ 272] 
11 00007ff6`8d217ec3     : 000000ec`7c7ff9b0 00007ff6`8d21d7d4
00000000`00000000 00000000`00000008 :

pg_debug!std::panicking::try::do_call<core::panic::unwind_safe::AssertUnwindSafe<std::thread::impl$0::spawn_unchecked::closure$0::closure$0>,tuple$<>
>+0x55
[/rustc/09c42c45858d5f3aedfa670698275303a3d19afa\library\std\src\panicking.rs
@ 405] 
12 00007ff6`8d217d18     : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 :

pg_debug!std::panicking::try::do_catch<core::panic::unwind_safe::AssertUnwindSafe<std::thread::impl$0::spawn_unchecked::closure$0::closure$0>,tuple$<>
>+0xd3
13 00007ff6`8d211031     : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
00000281`eeafa720 00000281`eeafa720 :

pg_debug!std::panicking::try<tuple$<>,core::panic::unwind_safe::AssertUnwindSafe<std::thread::impl$0::spawn_unchecked::closure$0::closure$0>
>+0xf8
[/rustc/09c42c45858d5f3aedfa670698275303a3d19afa\library\std\src\panicking.rs
@ 367] 
14 00007ff6`8d219055     : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 :

pg_debug!std::panic::catch_unwind<core::panic::unwind_safe::AssertUnwindSafe<std::thread::impl$0::spawn_unchecked::closure$0::closure$0>,tuple$<>
>+0x31
[/rustc/09c42c45858d5f3aedfa670698275303a3d19afa\library\std\src\panic.rs @
129] 
15 00007ff6`8d21943e     : 00000000`00001000 00000000`00000104
00000000`00006000 000000ec`7c7f8000 :
pg_debug!std::thread::impl$0::spawn_unchecked::closure$0<pg_debug::main::closure$0,tuple$<>
>+0x125
[/rustc/09c42c45858d5f3aedfa670698275303a3d19afa\library\std\src\thread\mod.rs
@ 480] 
16 00007ff6`8d2273fc     : 00000000`00000000 00000281`eeb01ad0
00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 :
pg_debug!core::ops::function::FnOnce::call_once<std::thread::impl$0::spawn_unchecked::closure$0,tuple$<>
>+0xe
[/rustc/09c42c45858d5f3aedfa670698275303a3d19afa\library\core\src\ops\function.rs
@ 227] 
17 (Inline Function)     : --------`-------- --------`--------
--------`-------- --------`-------- :
pg_debug!alloc::boxed::impl$44::call_once+0xb
[/rustc/09c42c45858d5f3aedfa670698275303a3d19afa\library\alloc\src\boxed.rs
@ 1636] 
18 (Inline Function)     : --------`-------- --------`--------
--------`-------- --------`-------- :
pg_debug!alloc::boxed::impl$44::call_once+0x16
[/rustc/09c42c45858d5f3aedfa670698275303a3d19afa\library\alloc\src\boxed.rs
@ 1636] 
19 00007ffa`51727974     : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 :
pg_debug!std::sys::windows::thread::impl$0::new::thread_start+0x4c
[/rustc/09c42c45858d5f3aedfa670698275303a3d19afa\/library\std\src\sys\windows\thread.rs
@ 58] 
1a 00007ffa`51e0a2f1     : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : KERNEL32!BaseThreadInitThunk+0x14
1b 00000000`00000000     : 00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000
00000000`00000000 00000000`00000000 : ntdll!RtlUserThreadStart+0x21

***)
https://github.com/diesel-rs/diesel/discussions/2947