BUG #16237: When restoring database, backend disconnects or crashes when foreign key is created

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference:      16237
Logged by:          Darryl Snover
Email address:      dsnover@electrainfo.com
PostgreSQL version: 12.1
Operating system:   Mac OS Catalina 10.15.2, EDB Install Image
Description:

When restoring a full database dump (psql -f filename), on one of the three
databases, when restoring, this error is occurring.  Is repeatable on a
different Mac.  Macintosh models:  MacBook Pro 16, clean OS installed, new
machine.  Also ran on 2012 Mac Mini Server, with Mac OS X Mojave 10.14, with
same errors.

Manually creating the constraint or any similar constraint causes the same
failure.

Log:

pg_restore: creating FK CONSTRAINT
"public.file_transit_transaction_file_transit_id_fkey"
pg_restore: from TOC entry 3972; 2606 4177792 FK CONSTRAINT
file_transit_transaction_file_transit_id_fkey postgres
pg_restore: error: could not execute query: server closed the connection
unexpectedly
    This probably means the server terminated abnormally
    before or while processing the request.
Command was: ALTER TABLE ONLY file_transit_transaction
    ADD CONSTRAINT file_transit_transaction_file_transit_id_fkey FOREIGN KEY
(file_transit_id) REFERENCES file_transit(file_transit_id);

CRASH REPORT EXAMPE (all are identical in that they all show same exception
type).

Process:               postgres [8984]
Path:                  /Users/USER/*/postgres
Identifier:            postgres
Version:               ???
Code Type:             X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:        postgres [6396]
Responsible:           postgres [6396]
User ID:               503

Date/Time:             2020-01-25 15:11:35.585 -0500
OS Version:            Mac OS X 10.15.2 (19C57)
Report Version:        12
Bridge OS Version:     4.2 (17P2551)
Anonymous UUID:        C8E75799-5BBA-0E05-B04F-B6ADE1D72158

Sleep/Wake UUID:       70392B53-DF5A-408F-99CA-43E58A0CE312

Time Awake Since Boot: 27000 seconds
Time Since Wake:       3500 seconds

System Integrity Protection: enabled

Crashed Thread:        0  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread

Exception Type:        EXC_BAD_ACCESS (Code Signature Invalid)
Exception Codes:       0x0000000000000032, 0x000000010dd002d0
Exception Note:        EXC_CORPSE_NOTIFY

Termination Reason:    Namespace CODESIGNING, Code 0x2

kernel messages:

VM Regions Near 0x10dd002d0:
    VM_ALLOCATE            000000010dcff000-000000010dd00000 [    4K]
r-x/rwx SM=PRV  
--> VM_ALLOCATE            000000010dd00000-000000010dd01000 [    4K]
r-x/rwx SM=PRV  
    __TEXT                 000000010dd01000-000000010dd8d000 [  560K]
r-x/rwx SM=COW  /Users/USER/*/*.dylib

Application Specific Information:
crashed on child side of fork pre-exec

Thread 0 Crashed:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0   ???                               0x000000010dd002d0 0 + 4526703312
1   postmaster                        0x000000010d560a74 ExecScan + 452
(execScan.c:228)
2   postmaster                        0x000000010d57445d ExecHashJoin + 1069
(nodeHashjoin.c:262)
3   postmaster                        0x000000010d558d0f standard_ExecutorRun +
287 (execMain.c:1652)
4   postmaster                        0x000000010d58bc52 _SPI_execute_plan +
1346 (spi.c:2523)
5   postmaster                        0x000000010d58c2ba SPI_execute_snapshot +
298 (spi.c:616)
6   postmaster                        0x000000010d783993 RI_Initial_Check +
2099 (ri_triggers.c:1488)
7   postmaster                        0x000000010d522df2
validateForeignKeyConstraint + 210 (tablecmds.c:9784)
8   postmaster                        0x000000010d51d4b0 ATController + 1664
(tablecmds.c:4715)
9   postmaster                        0x000000010d6c0a29 ProcessUtilitySlow +
2713 (utility.c:1131)
10  postmaster                        0x000000010d6bf517
standard_ProcessUtility + 1975 (utility.c:933)
11  postmaster                        0x000000010d6bea2f PortalRunUtility + 159
(pquery.c:1184)
12  postmaster                        0x000000010d6be04a PortalRunMulti + 234
(pquery.c:1328)
13  postmaster                        0x000000010d6bda67 PortalRun + 519
(pquery.c:800)
14  postmaster                        0x000000010d6bca55 exec_simple_query +
1445 (postgres.c:1223)
15  postmaster                        0x000000010d6ba8dd PostgresMain + 3901
(postgres.c:4238)
16  postmaster                        0x000000010d63b5a8 PostmasterMain + 7832
(postmaster.c:2458)
17  postmaster                        0x000000010d5a84ae main + 1678
18  libdyld.dylib                     0x00007fff681f27fd start + 1

Thread 0 crashed with X86 Thread State (64-bit):
  rax: 0x000000010dd002d0  rbx: 0x00007fc5ff05b580  rcx: 0x00000001279b38d8
rdx: 0x00007ffee2850aa6
  rdi: 0x00007fc5ff05c320  rsi: 0x00007fc5ff05b580  rbp: 0x00007ffee2850ad0
rsp: 0x00007ffee2850a78
   r8: 0x000000000004850d   r9: 0xffffffff00000000  r10: 0x00000001279b38d0
r11: 0x0000000000000000
  r12: 0x00007fc5ff05c320  r13: 0x000000010da24220  r14: 0x00007fc5ff05b630
r15: 0x00007fc5ff05b470
  rip: 0x000000010dd002d0  rfl: 0x0000000000010246  cr2: 0x000000010dd002d0