Restructuring Paths to allow per-Path targetlist info

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От Tom Lane
Тема Restructuring Paths to allow per-Path targetlist info
Дата
Msg-id 15365.1455752543@sss.pgh.pa.us
обсуждение исходный текст
Ответы Re: Restructuring Paths to allow per-Path targetlist info  (Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@2ndquadrant.com>)
Список pgsql-hackers
Although it may not be obvious to the naked eye, I have been working away
on that long-overdue upper-planner pathification project.  One thing
that's necessary to make that happen is to keep track of the targetlists
of upper plan levels within the Path data structures, since once you get
past the scan/join phase you need to know explicitly what each level of
plan is actually going to compute.  I'd been trying to add such info only
to the new types of Path, but that wasn't proving to work very well
notationally, and in any case there's good reason to think that we should
track output tlists explicitly even while considering basic scan/join
paths.  (As an example, if we want the planner to take into account the
cost savings from fetching an expensive function value from a functional
index rather than recomputing it from scratch, we really need a way of
denoting which Paths can provide the function value at no extra cost.)

So, the attached patch just bites the bullet and adds explicit output
tlist information to struct Path.  I did set things up so that the cost
is only one pointer in each Path in the typical case where Paths emit
the set of Vars needed from their relation; in that case, they just
point to a default PathTarget struct embedded in the parent RelOptInfo.
A Path emitting something else will need its own PathTarget struct.
(Since this patch is just trying to change the notation around, there
aren't actually any cases yet of a Path with its own PathTarget.)

I did take the time to improve the cost accounting for PlaceHolderVars;
before, we sometimes overcharged substantially for those (by counting
their eval costs at multiple plan levels) and sometimes undercharged
for them (by not counting them at all).  It's not perfect yet, cf the
new comments in add_placeholders_to_joinrel(), but it's a lot better
than before.  This change results in a couple of minor regression test
changes because the planner changes join order now that it realizes that
sub-selects inside PlaceHolderVars aren't free ;-).

Barring objections, I'd like to push this soon.

            regards, tom lane

diff --git a/contrib/file_fdw/file_fdw.c b/contrib/file_fdw/file_fdw.c
index f13316b..cf12710 100644
*** a/contrib/file_fdw/file_fdw.c
--- b/contrib/file_fdw/file_fdw.c
*************** check_selective_binary_conversion(RelOpt
*** 806,812 ****
      }

      /* Collect all the attributes needed for joins or final output. */
!     pull_varattnos((Node *) baserel->reltargetlist, baserel->relid,
                     &attrs_used);

      /* Add all the attributes used by restriction clauses. */
--- 806,812 ----
      }

      /* Collect all the attributes needed for joins or final output. */
!     pull_varattnos((Node *) baserel->reltarget.exprs, baserel->relid,
                     &attrs_used);

      /* Add all the attributes used by restriction clauses. */
*************** estimate_size(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptI
*** 938,944 ****
           */
          int            tuple_width;

!         tuple_width = MAXALIGN(baserel->width) +
              MAXALIGN(SizeofHeapTupleHeader);
          ntuples = clamp_row_est((double) stat_buf.st_size /
                                  (double) tuple_width);
--- 938,944 ----
           */
          int            tuple_width;

!         tuple_width = MAXALIGN(baserel->reltarget.width) +
              MAXALIGN(SizeofHeapTupleHeader);
          ntuples = clamp_row_est((double) stat_buf.st_size /
                                  (double) tuple_width);
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/deparse.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/deparse.c
index cb41886..ef8eab6 100644
*** a/contrib/postgres_fdw/deparse.c
--- b/contrib/postgres_fdw/deparse.c
*************** build_tlist_to_deparse(RelOptInfo *forei
*** 728,737 ****
      PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) foreignrel->fdw_private;

      /*
!      * We require columns specified in foreignrel->reltargetlist and those
       * required for evaluating the local conditions.
       */
!     tlist = add_to_flat_tlist(tlist, foreignrel->reltargetlist);
      tlist = add_to_flat_tlist(tlist,
                                pull_var_clause((Node *) fpinfo->local_conds,
                                                PVC_REJECT_AGGREGATES,
--- 728,737 ----
      PgFdwRelationInfo *fpinfo = (PgFdwRelationInfo *) foreignrel->fdw_private;

      /*
!      * We require columns specified in foreignrel->reltarget.exprs and those
       * required for evaluating the local conditions.
       */
!     tlist = add_to_flat_tlist(tlist, foreignrel->reltarget.exprs);
      tlist = add_to_flat_tlist(tlist,
                                pull_var_clause((Node *) fpinfo->local_conds,
                                                PVC_REJECT_AGGREGATES,
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index ffe6388..465f43c 100644
*** a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
--- b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
*************** postgresGetForeignRelSize(PlannerInfo *r
*** 479,485 ****
       * columns used in them.  Doesn't seem worth detecting that case though.)
       */
      fpinfo->attrs_used = NULL;
!     pull_varattnos((Node *) baserel->reltargetlist, baserel->relid,
                     &fpinfo->attrs_used);
      foreach(lc, fpinfo->local_conds)
      {
--- 479,485 ----
       * columns used in them.  Doesn't seem worth detecting that case though.)
       */
      fpinfo->attrs_used = NULL;
!     pull_varattnos((Node *) baserel->reltarget.exprs, baserel->relid,
                     &fpinfo->attrs_used);
      foreach(lc, fpinfo->local_conds)
      {
*************** postgresGetForeignRelSize(PlannerInfo *r
*** 522,528 ****

          /* Report estimated baserel size to planner. */
          baserel->rows = fpinfo->rows;
!         baserel->width = fpinfo->width;
      }
      else
      {
--- 522,528 ----

          /* Report estimated baserel size to planner. */
          baserel->rows = fpinfo->rows;
!         baserel->reltarget.width = fpinfo->width;
      }
      else
      {
*************** postgresGetForeignRelSize(PlannerInfo *r
*** 539,545 ****
          {
              baserel->pages = 10;
              baserel->tuples =
!                 (10 * BLCKSZ) / (baserel->width + MAXALIGN(SizeofHeapTupleHeader));
          }

          /* Estimate baserel size as best we can with local statistics. */
--- 539,546 ----
          {
              baserel->pages = 10;
              baserel->tuples =
!                 (10 * BLCKSZ) / (baserel->reltarget.width +
!                                  MAXALIGN(SizeofHeapTupleHeader));
          }

          /* Estimate baserel size as best we can with local statistics. */
*************** estimate_path_cost_size(PlannerInfo *roo
*** 2176,2182 ****
           * between foreign relations.
           */
          rows = foreignrel->rows;
!         width = foreignrel->width;

          /* Back into an estimate of the number of retrieved rows. */
          retrieved_rows = clamp_row_est(rows / fpinfo->local_conds_sel);
--- 2177,2183 ----
           * between foreign relations.
           */
          rows = foreignrel->rows;
!         width = foreignrel->reltarget.width;

          /* Back into an estimate of the number of retrieved rows. */
          retrieved_rows = clamp_row_est(rows / fpinfo->local_conds_sel);
*************** postgresGetForeignJoinPaths(PlannerInfo
*** 3646,3652 ****
                              &width, &startup_cost, &total_cost);
      /* Now update this information in the joinrel */
      joinrel->rows = rows;
!     joinrel->width = width;
      fpinfo->rows = rows;
      fpinfo->width = width;
      fpinfo->startup_cost = startup_cost;
--- 3647,3653 ----
                              &width, &startup_cost, &total_cost);
      /* Now update this information in the joinrel */
      joinrel->rows = rows;
!     joinrel->reltarget.width = width;
      fpinfo->rows = rows;
      fpinfo->width = width;
      fpinfo->startup_cost = startup_cost;
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/fdwhandler.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/fdwhandler.sgml
index ffbd1e3..c24ddfc 100644
*** a/doc/src/sgml/fdwhandler.sgml
--- b/doc/src/sgml/fdwhandler.sgml
*************** GetForeignServerByName(const char *name,
*** 1159,1165 ****
       it contains restriction quals (<literal>WHERE</> clauses) that should be
       used to filter the rows to be fetched.  (The FDW itself is not required
       to enforce these quals, as the core executor can check them instead.)
!      <literal>baserel->reltargetlist</> can be used to determine which
       columns need to be fetched; but note that it only lists columns that
       have to be emitted by the <structname>ForeignScan</> plan node, not
       columns that are used in qual evaluation but not output by the query.
--- 1159,1165 ----
       it contains restriction quals (<literal>WHERE</> clauses) that should be
       used to filter the rows to be fetched.  (The FDW itself is not required
       to enforce these quals, as the core executor can check them instead.)
!      <literal>baserel->reltarget.exprs</> can be used to determine which
       columns need to be fetched; but note that it only lists columns that
       have to be emitted by the <structname>ForeignScan</> plan node, not
       columns that are used in qual evaluation but not output by the query.
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 28d983c..85acce8 100644
*** a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
--- b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
*************** _outOnConflictExpr(StringInfo str, const
*** 1589,1594 ****
--- 1589,1595 ----
   *
   * Note we do NOT print the parent, else we'd be in infinite recursion.
   * We can print the parent's relids for identification purposes, though.
+  * We print the pathtarget only if it's not the default one for the rel.
   * We also do not print the whole of param_info, since it's printed by
   * _outRelOptInfo; it's sufficient and less cluttering to print just the
   * required outer relids.
*************** _outPathInfo(StringInfo str, const Path
*** 1598,1607 ****
  {
      WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(pathtype, NodeTag);
      appendStringInfoString(str, " :parent_relids ");
!     if (node->parent)
!         _outBitmapset(str, node->parent->relids);
!     else
!         _outBitmapset(str, NULL);
      appendStringInfoString(str, " :required_outer ");
      if (node->param_info)
          _outBitmapset(str, node->param_info->ppi_req_outer);
--- 1599,1612 ----
  {
      WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(pathtype, NodeTag);
      appendStringInfoString(str, " :parent_relids ");
!     _outBitmapset(str, node->parent->relids);
!     if (node->pathtarget != &(node->parent->reltarget))
!     {
!         WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pathtarget->exprs);
!         WRITE_FLOAT_FIELD(pathtarget->cost.startup, "%.2f");
!         WRITE_FLOAT_FIELD(pathtarget->cost.per_tuple, "%.2f");
!         WRITE_INT_FIELD(pathtarget->width);
!     }
      appendStringInfoString(str, " :required_outer ");
      if (node->param_info)
          _outBitmapset(str, node->param_info->ppi_req_outer);
*************** _outRelOptInfo(StringInfo str, const Rel
*** 1901,1911 ****
      WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(reloptkind, RelOptKind);
      WRITE_BITMAPSET_FIELD(relids);
      WRITE_FLOAT_FIELD(rows, "%.0f");
-     WRITE_INT_FIELD(width);
      WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(consider_startup);
      WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(consider_param_startup);
      WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(consider_parallel);
!     WRITE_NODE_FIELD(reltargetlist);
      WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pathlist);
      WRITE_NODE_FIELD(ppilist);
      WRITE_NODE_FIELD(partial_pathlist);
--- 1906,1918 ----
      WRITE_ENUM_FIELD(reloptkind, RelOptKind);
      WRITE_BITMAPSET_FIELD(relids);
      WRITE_FLOAT_FIELD(rows, "%.0f");
      WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(consider_startup);
      WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(consider_param_startup);
      WRITE_BOOL_FIELD(consider_parallel);
!     WRITE_NODE_FIELD(reltarget.exprs);
!     WRITE_FLOAT_FIELD(reltarget.cost.startup, "%.2f");
!     WRITE_FLOAT_FIELD(reltarget.cost.per_tuple, "%.2f");
!     WRITE_INT_FIELD(reltarget.width);
      WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pathlist);
      WRITE_NODE_FIELD(ppilist);
      WRITE_NODE_FIELD(partial_pathlist);
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/path/allpaths.c b/src/backend/optimizer/path/allpaths.c
index 380b15e..bcb668f 100644
*** a/src/backend/optimizer/path/allpaths.c
--- b/src/backend/optimizer/path/allpaths.c
*************** set_append_rel_size(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 919,937 ****
          /*
           * CE failed, so finish copying/modifying targetlist and join quals.
           *
!          * Note: the resulting childrel->reltargetlist may contain arbitrary
!          * expressions, which otherwise would not occur in a reltargetlist.
           * Code that might be looking at an appendrel child must cope with
!          * such.  (Normally, a reltargetlist would only include Vars and
!          * PlaceHolderVars.)
           */
          childrel->joininfo = (List *)
              adjust_appendrel_attrs(root,
                                     (Node *) rel->joininfo,
                                     appinfo);
!         childrel->reltargetlist = (List *)
              adjust_appendrel_attrs(root,
!                                    (Node *) rel->reltargetlist,
                                     appinfo);

          /*
--- 919,938 ----
          /*
           * CE failed, so finish copying/modifying targetlist and join quals.
           *
!          * Note: the resulting childrel->reltarget.exprs may contain arbitrary
!          * expressions, which otherwise would not occur in a rel's targetlist.
           * Code that might be looking at an appendrel child must cope with
!          * such.  (Normally, a rel's targetlist would only include Vars and
!          * PlaceHolderVars.)  XXX we do not bother to update the cost or width
!          * fields of childrel->reltarget; not clear if that would be useful.
           */
          childrel->joininfo = (List *)
              adjust_appendrel_attrs(root,
                                     (Node *) rel->joininfo,
                                     appinfo);
!         childrel->reltarget.exprs = (List *)
              adjust_appendrel_attrs(root,
!                                    (Node *) rel->reltarget.exprs,
                                     appinfo);

          /*
*************** set_append_rel_size(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 976,982 ****
          Assert(childrel->rows > 0);

          parent_rows += childrel->rows;
!         parent_size += childrel->width * childrel->rows;

          /*
           * Accumulate per-column estimates too.  We need not do anything for
--- 977,983 ----
          Assert(childrel->rows > 0);

          parent_rows += childrel->rows;
!         parent_size += childrel->reltarget.width * childrel->rows;

          /*
           * Accumulate per-column estimates too.  We need not do anything for
*************** set_append_rel_size(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 984,993 ****
           * Var, or we didn't record a width estimate for it, we have to fall
           * back on a datatype-based estimate.
           *
!          * By construction, child's reltargetlist is 1-to-1 with parent's.
           */
!         forboth(parentvars, rel->reltargetlist,
!                 childvars, childrel->reltargetlist)
          {
              Var           *parentvar = (Var *) lfirst(parentvars);
              Node       *childvar = (Node *) lfirst(childvars);
--- 985,994 ----
           * Var, or we didn't record a width estimate for it, we have to fall
           * back on a datatype-based estimate.
           *
!          * By construction, child's targetlist is 1-to-1 with parent's.
           */
!         forboth(parentvars, rel->reltarget.exprs,
!                 childvars, childrel->reltarget.exprs)
          {
              Var           *parentvar = (Var *) lfirst(parentvars);
              Node       *childvar = (Node *) lfirst(childvars);
*************** set_append_rel_size(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 1022,1028 ****

          Assert(parent_rows > 0);
          rel->rows = parent_rows;
!         rel->width = rint(parent_size / parent_rows);
          for (i = 0; i < nattrs; i++)
              rel->attr_widths[i] = rint(parent_attrsizes[i] / parent_rows);

--- 1023,1029 ----

          Assert(parent_rows > 0);
          rel->rows = parent_rows;
!         rel->reltarget.width = rint(parent_size / parent_rows);
          for (i = 0; i < nattrs; i++)
              rel->attr_widths[i] = rint(parent_attrsizes[i] / parent_rows);

*************** set_dummy_rel_pathlist(RelOptInfo *rel)
*** 1495,1501 ****
  {
      /* Set dummy size estimates --- we leave attr_widths[] as zeroes */
      rel->rows = 0;
!     rel->width = 0;

      /* Discard any pre-existing paths; no further need for them */
      rel->pathlist = NIL;
--- 1496,1502 ----
  {
      /* Set dummy size estimates --- we leave attr_widths[] as zeroes */
      rel->rows = 0;
!     rel->reltarget.width = 0;

      /* Discard any pre-existing paths; no further need for them */
      rel->pathlist = NIL;
*************** set_function_pathlist(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 1728,1738 ****
          ListCell   *lc;

          /*
!          * Is there a Var for it in reltargetlist?    If not, the query did not
!          * reference the ordinality column, or at least not in any way that
!          * would be interesting for sorting.
           */
!         foreach(lc, rel->reltargetlist)
          {
              Var           *node = (Var *) lfirst(lc);

--- 1729,1739 ----
          ListCell   *lc;

          /*
!          * Is there a Var for it in rel's targetlist?  If not, the query did
!          * not reference the ordinality column, or at least not in any way
!          * that would be interesting for sorting.
           */
!         foreach(lc, rel->reltarget.exprs)
          {
              Var           *node = (Var *) lfirst(lc);

*************** remove_unused_subquery_outputs(Query *su
*** 2676,2686 ****
       * query.
       *
       * Add all the attributes needed for joins or final output.  Note: we must
!      * look at reltargetlist, not the attr_needed data, because attr_needed
       * isn't computed for inheritance child rels, cf set_append_rel_size().
       * (XXX might be worth changing that sometime.)
       */
!     pull_varattnos((Node *) rel->reltargetlist, rel->relid, &attrs_used);

      /* Add all the attributes used by un-pushed-down restriction clauses. */
      foreach(lc, rel->baserestrictinfo)
--- 2677,2687 ----
       * query.
       *
       * Add all the attributes needed for joins or final output.  Note: we must
!      * look at rel's targetlist, not the attr_needed data, because attr_needed
       * isn't computed for inheritance child rels, cf set_append_rel_size().
       * (XXX might be worth changing that sometime.)
       */
!     pull_varattnos((Node *) rel->reltarget.exprs, rel->relid, &attrs_used);

      /* Add all the attributes used by un-pushed-down restriction clauses. */
      foreach(lc, rel->baserestrictinfo)
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/path/costsize.c b/src/backend/optimizer/path/costsize.c
index 5fc80e7..5fc2f9c 100644
*** a/src/backend/optimizer/path/costsize.c
--- b/src/backend/optimizer/path/costsize.c
*************** clamp_row_est(double nrows)
*** 182,189 ****
   *
   * 'baserel' is the relation to be scanned
   * 'param_info' is the ParamPathInfo if this is a parameterized path, else NULL
-  * 'nworkers' are the number of workers among which the work will be
-  *            distributed if the scan is parallel scan
   */
  void
  cost_seqscan(Path *path, PlannerInfo *root,
--- 182,187 ----
*************** cost_seqscan(Path *path, PlannerInfo *ro
*** 225,230 ****
--- 223,231 ----
      startup_cost += qpqual_cost.startup;
      cpu_per_tuple = cpu_tuple_cost + qpqual_cost.per_tuple;
      cpu_run_cost = cpu_per_tuple * baserel->tuples;
+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     cpu_run_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->rows;

      /* Adjust costing for parallelism, if used. */
      if (path->parallel_degree > 0)
*************** cost_samplescan(Path *path, PlannerInfo
*** 335,340 ****
--- 336,344 ----
      startup_cost += qpqual_cost.startup;
      cpu_per_tuple = cpu_tuple_cost + qpqual_cost.per_tuple;
      run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * baserel->tuples;
+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     run_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->rows;

      path->startup_cost = startup_cost;
      path->total_cost = startup_cost + run_cost;
*************** cost_index(IndexPath *path, PlannerInfo
*** 601,606 ****
--- 605,614 ----

      run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * tuples_fetched;

+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->path.pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     run_cost += path->path.pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->path.rows;
+
      path->path.startup_cost = startup_cost;
      path->path.total_cost = startup_cost + run_cost;
  }
*************** cost_bitmap_heap_scan(Path *path, Planne
*** 910,915 ****
--- 918,927 ----

      run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * tuples_fetched;

+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     run_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->rows;
+
      path->startup_cost = startup_cost;
      path->total_cost = startup_cost + run_cost;
  }
*************** cost_tidscan(Path *path, PlannerInfo *ro
*** 1141,1146 ****
--- 1153,1162 ----
          tid_qual_cost.per_tuple;
      run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * ntuples;

+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     run_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->rows;
+
      path->startup_cost = startup_cost;
      path->total_cost = startup_cost + run_cost;
  }
*************** cost_subqueryscan(Path *path, PlannerInf
*** 1185,1190 ****
--- 1201,1210 ----
      cpu_per_tuple = cpu_tuple_cost + qpqual_cost.per_tuple;
      run_cost = cpu_per_tuple * baserel->tuples;

+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     run_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->rows;
+
      path->startup_cost += startup_cost;
      path->total_cost += startup_cost + run_cost;
  }
*************** cost_functionscan(Path *path, PlannerInf
*** 1242,1247 ****
--- 1262,1271 ----
      cpu_per_tuple = cpu_tuple_cost + qpqual_cost.per_tuple;
      run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * baserel->tuples;

+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     run_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->rows;
+
      path->startup_cost = startup_cost;
      path->total_cost = startup_cost + run_cost;
  }
*************** cost_valuesscan(Path *path, PlannerInfo
*** 1285,1290 ****
--- 1309,1318 ----
      cpu_per_tuple += cpu_tuple_cost + qpqual_cost.per_tuple;
      run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * baserel->tuples;

+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     run_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->rows;
+
      path->startup_cost = startup_cost;
      path->total_cost = startup_cost + run_cost;
  }
*************** cost_ctescan(Path *path, PlannerInfo *ro
*** 1328,1333 ****
--- 1356,1365 ----
      cpu_per_tuple += cpu_tuple_cost + qpqual_cost.per_tuple;
      run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * baserel->tuples;

+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     run_cost += path->pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->rows;
+
      path->startup_cost = startup_cost;
      path->total_cost = startup_cost + run_cost;
  }
*************** final_cost_nestloop(PlannerInfo *root, N
*** 2080,2085 ****
--- 2112,2121 ----
      cpu_per_tuple = cpu_tuple_cost + restrict_qual_cost.per_tuple;
      run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * ntuples;

+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->path.pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     run_cost += path->path.pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->path.rows;
+
      path->path.startup_cost = startup_cost;
      path->path.total_cost = startup_cost + run_cost;
  }
*************** initial_cost_mergejoin(PlannerInfo *root
*** 2250,2256 ****
                    outersortkeys,
                    outer_path->total_cost,
                    outer_path_rows,
!                   outer_path->parent->width,
                    0.0,
                    work_mem,
                    -1.0);
--- 2286,2292 ----
                    outersortkeys,
                    outer_path->total_cost,
                    outer_path_rows,
!                   outer_path->pathtarget->width,
                    0.0,
                    work_mem,
                    -1.0);
*************** initial_cost_mergejoin(PlannerInfo *root
*** 2276,2282 ****
                    innersortkeys,
                    inner_path->total_cost,
                    inner_path_rows,
!                   inner_path->parent->width,
                    0.0,
                    work_mem,
                    -1.0);
--- 2312,2318 ----
                    innersortkeys,
                    inner_path->total_cost,
                    inner_path_rows,
!                   inner_path->pathtarget->width,
                    0.0,
                    work_mem,
                    -1.0);
*************** final_cost_mergejoin(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 2500,2506 ****
       * off.
       */
      else if (enable_material && innersortkeys != NIL &&
!              relation_byte_size(inner_path_rows, inner_path->parent->width) >
               (work_mem * 1024L))
          path->materialize_inner = true;
      else
--- 2536,2543 ----
       * off.
       */
      else if (enable_material && innersortkeys != NIL &&
!              relation_byte_size(inner_path_rows,
!                                 inner_path->pathtarget->width) >
               (work_mem * 1024L))
          path->materialize_inner = true;
      else
*************** final_cost_mergejoin(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 2539,2544 ****
--- 2576,2585 ----
      cpu_per_tuple = cpu_tuple_cost + qp_qual_cost.per_tuple;
      run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * mergejointuples;

+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->jpath.path.pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     run_cost += path->jpath.path.pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->jpath.path.rows;
+
      path->jpath.path.startup_cost = startup_cost;
      path->jpath.path.total_cost = startup_cost + run_cost;
  }
*************** initial_cost_hashjoin(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 2671,2677 ****
       * optimization in the cost estimate, but for now, we don't.
       */
      ExecChooseHashTableSize(inner_path_rows,
!                             inner_path->parent->width,
                              true,        /* useskew */
                              &numbuckets,
                              &numbatches,
--- 2712,2718 ----
       * optimization in the cost estimate, but for now, we don't.
       */
      ExecChooseHashTableSize(inner_path_rows,
!                             inner_path->pathtarget->width,
                              true,        /* useskew */
                              &numbuckets,
                              &numbatches,
*************** initial_cost_hashjoin(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 2687,2695 ****
      if (numbatches > 1)
      {
          double        outerpages = page_size(outer_path_rows,
!                                            outer_path->parent->width);
          double        innerpages = page_size(inner_path_rows,
!                                            inner_path->parent->width);

          startup_cost += seq_page_cost * innerpages;
          run_cost += seq_page_cost * (innerpages + 2 * outerpages);
--- 2728,2736 ----
      if (numbatches > 1)
      {
          double        outerpages = page_size(outer_path_rows,
!                                            outer_path->pathtarget->width);
          double        innerpages = page_size(inner_path_rows,
!                                            inner_path->pathtarget->width);

          startup_cost += seq_page_cost * innerpages;
          run_cost += seq_page_cost * (innerpages + 2 * outerpages);
*************** final_cost_hashjoin(PlannerInfo *root, H
*** 2919,2924 ****
--- 2960,2969 ----
      cpu_per_tuple = cpu_tuple_cost + qp_qual_cost.per_tuple;
      run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * hashjointuples;

+     /* tlist eval costs are paid per output row, not per tuple scanned */
+     startup_cost += path->jpath.path.pathtarget->cost.startup;
+     run_cost += path->jpath.path.pathtarget->cost.per_tuple * path->jpath.path.rows;
+
      path->jpath.path.startup_cost = startup_cost;
      path->jpath.path.total_cost = startup_cost + run_cost;
  }
*************** cost_rescan(PlannerInfo *root, Path *pat
*** 3063,3069 ****
                   */
                  Cost        run_cost = cpu_tuple_cost * path->rows;
                  double        nbytes = relation_byte_size(path->rows,
!                                                         path->parent->width);
                  long        work_mem_bytes = work_mem * 1024L;

                  if (nbytes > work_mem_bytes)
--- 3108,3114 ----
                   */
                  Cost        run_cost = cpu_tuple_cost * path->rows;
                  double        nbytes = relation_byte_size(path->rows,
!                                                     path->pathtarget->width);
                  long        work_mem_bytes = work_mem * 1024L;

                  if (nbytes > work_mem_bytes)
*************** cost_rescan(PlannerInfo *root, Path *pat
*** 3090,3096 ****
                   */
                  Cost        run_cost = cpu_operator_cost * path->rows;
                  double        nbytes = relation_byte_size(path->rows,
!                                                         path->parent->width);
                  long        work_mem_bytes = work_mem * 1024L;

                  if (nbytes > work_mem_bytes)
--- 3135,3141 ----
                   */
                  Cost        run_cost = cpu_operator_cost * path->rows;
                  double        nbytes = relation_byte_size(path->rows,
!                                                     path->pathtarget->width);
                  long        work_mem_bytes = work_mem * 1024L;

                  if (nbytes > work_mem_bytes)
*************** cost_qual_eval_walker(Node *node, cost_q
*** 3356,3361 ****
--- 3401,3420 ----
          return cost_qual_eval_walker((Node *) linitial(asplan->subplans),
                                       context);
      }
+     else if (IsA(node, PlaceHolderVar))
+     {
+         /*
+          * A PlaceHolderVar should be given cost zero when considering general
+          * expression evaluation costs.  The expense of doing the contained
+          * expression is charged as part of the tlist eval costs of the scan
+          * or join where the PHV is first computed (see set_rel_width and
+          * add_placeholders_to_joinrel).  If we charged it again here, we'd be
+          * double-counting the cost for each level of plan that the PHV
+          * bubbles up through.  Hence, return without recursing into the
+          * phexpr.
+          */
+         return false;
+     }

      /* recurse into children */
      return expression_tree_walker(node, cost_qual_eval_walker,
*************** get_parameterized_baserel_size(PlannerIn
*** 3751,3757 ****
   * anyway we must keep the rowcount estimate the same for all paths for the
   * joinrel.)
   *
!  * We set only the rows field here.  The width field was already set by
   * build_joinrel_tlist, and baserestrictcost is not used for join rels.
   */
  void
--- 3810,3816 ----
   * anyway we must keep the rowcount estimate the same for all paths for the
   * joinrel.)
   *
!  * We set only the rows field here.  The reltarget field was already set by
   * build_joinrel_tlist, and baserestrictcost is not used for join rels.
   */
  void
*************** set_foreign_size_estimates(PlannerInfo *
*** 4156,4161 ****
--- 4215,4222 ----
   * that have to be calculated at this relation.  This is the amount of data
   * we'd need to pass upwards in case of a sort, hash, etc.
   *
+  * This function also sets reltarget.cost, so it's a bit misnamed now.
+  *
   * NB: this works best on plain relations because it prefers to look at
   * real Vars.  For subqueries, set_subquery_size_estimates will already have
   * copied up whatever per-column estimates were made within the subquery,
*************** set_rel_width(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptI
*** 4174,4185 ****
      bool        have_wholerow_var = false;
      ListCell   *lc;

!     foreach(lc, rel->reltargetlist)
      {
          Node       *node = (Node *) lfirst(lc);

          /*
!          * Ordinarily, a Var in a rel's reltargetlist must belong to that rel;
           * but there are corner cases involving LATERAL references where that
           * isn't so.  If the Var has the wrong varno, fall through to the
           * generic case (it doesn't seem worth the trouble to be any smarter).
--- 4235,4250 ----
      bool        have_wholerow_var = false;
      ListCell   *lc;

!     /* Vars are assumed to have cost zero, but other exprs do not */
!     rel->reltarget.cost.startup = 0;
!     rel->reltarget.cost.per_tuple = 0;
!
!     foreach(lc, rel->reltarget.exprs)
      {
          Node       *node = (Node *) lfirst(lc);

          /*
!          * Ordinarily, a Var in a rel's targetlist must belong to that rel;
           * but there are corner cases involving LATERAL references where that
           * isn't so.  If the Var has the wrong varno, fall through to the
           * generic case (it doesn't seem worth the trouble to be any smarter).
*************** set_rel_width(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptI
*** 4239,4248 ****
--- 4304,4321 ----
          }
          else if (IsA(node, PlaceHolderVar))
          {
+             /*
+              * We will need to evaluate the PHV's contained expression while
+              * scanning this rel, so be sure to include it in reltarget.cost.
+              */
              PlaceHolderVar *phv = (PlaceHolderVar *) node;
              PlaceHolderInfo *phinfo = find_placeholder_info(root, phv, false);
+             QualCost    cost;

              tuple_width += phinfo->ph_width;
+             cost_qual_eval_node(&cost, (Node *) phv->phexpr, root);
+             rel->reltarget.cost.startup += cost.startup;
+             rel->reltarget.cost.per_tuple += cost.per_tuple;
          }
          else
          {
*************** set_rel_width(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptI
*** 4252,4261 ****
--- 4325,4339 ----
               * can using the expression type information.
               */
              int32        item_width;
+             QualCost    cost;

              item_width = get_typavgwidth(exprType(node), exprTypmod(node));
              Assert(item_width > 0);
              tuple_width += item_width;
+             /* Not entirely clear if we need to account for cost, but do so */
+             cost_qual_eval_node(&cost, node, root);
+             rel->reltarget.cost.startup += cost.startup;
+             rel->reltarget.cost.per_tuple += cost.per_tuple;
          }
      }

*************** set_rel_width(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptI
*** 4292,4298 ****
      }

      Assert(tuple_width >= 0);
!     rel->width = tuple_width;
  }

  /*
--- 4370,4376 ----
      }

      Assert(tuple_width >= 0);
!     rel->reltarget.width = tuple_width;
  }

  /*
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/path/indxpath.c b/src/backend/optimizer/path/indxpath.c
index de49c12..ddb4ca5 100644
*** a/src/backend/optimizer/path/indxpath.c
--- b/src/backend/optimizer/path/indxpath.c
*************** bitmap_scan_cost_est(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 1550,1555 ****
--- 1550,1556 ----
      bpath.path.type = T_BitmapHeapPath;
      bpath.path.pathtype = T_BitmapHeapScan;
      bpath.path.parent = rel;
+     bpath.path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      bpath.path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                        required_outer);
      bpath.path.pathkeys = NIL;
*************** bitmap_and_cost_est(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 1578,1583 ****
--- 1579,1585 ----
      apath.path.type = T_BitmapAndPath;
      apath.path.pathtype = T_BitmapAnd;
      apath.path.parent = rel;
+     apath.path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      apath.path.param_info = NULL;        /* not used in bitmap trees */
      apath.path.pathkeys = NIL;
      apath.bitmapquals = paths;
*************** bitmap_and_cost_est(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 1590,1595 ****
--- 1592,1598 ----
      bpath.path.type = T_BitmapHeapPath;
      bpath.path.pathtype = T_BitmapHeapScan;
      bpath.path.parent = rel;
+     bpath.path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      bpath.path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                        required_outer);
      bpath.path.pathkeys = NIL;
*************** check_index_only(RelOptInfo *rel, IndexO
*** 1809,1818 ****

      /*
       * Add all the attributes needed for joins or final output.  Note: we must
!      * look at reltargetlist, not the attr_needed data, because attr_needed
       * isn't computed for inheritance child rels.
       */
!     pull_varattnos((Node *) rel->reltargetlist, rel->relid, &attrs_used);

      /* Add all the attributes used by restriction clauses. */
      foreach(lc, rel->baserestrictinfo)
--- 1812,1821 ----

      /*
       * Add all the attributes needed for joins or final output.  Note: we must
!      * look at rel's targetlist, not the attr_needed data, because attr_needed
       * isn't computed for inheritance child rels.
       */
!     pull_varattnos((Node *) rel->reltarget.exprs, rel->relid, &attrs_used);

      /* Add all the attributes used by restriction clauses. */
      foreach(lc, rel->baserestrictinfo)
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c
index 6e0db08..198b06b 100644
*** a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c
--- b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c
*************** build_path_tlist(PlannerInfo *root, Path
*** 476,482 ****
      int            resno = 1;
      ListCell   *v;

!     foreach(v, rel->reltargetlist)
      {
          /* Do we really need to copy here?    Not sure */
          Node       *node = (Node *) copyObject(lfirst(v));
--- 476,482 ----
      int            resno = 1;
      ListCell   *v;

!     foreach(v, rel->reltarget.exprs)
      {
          /* Do we really need to copy here?    Not sure */
          Node       *node = (Node *) copyObject(lfirst(v));
*************** create_result_plan(PlannerInfo *root, Re
*** 875,883 ****
      List       *tlist;
      List       *quals;

!     /* The tlist will be installed later, since we have no RelOptInfo */
!     Assert(best_path->path.parent == NULL);
!     tlist = NIL;

      /* best_path->quals is just bare clauses */

--- 875,882 ----
      List       *tlist;
      List       *quals;

!     /* This is a bit useless currently, because rel will have empty tlist */
!     tlist = build_path_tlist(root, &best_path->path);

      /* best_path->quals is just bare clauses */

*************** create_foreignscan_plan(PlannerInfo *roo
*** 2183,2189 ****
      /*
       * If rel is a base relation, detect whether any system columns are
       * requested from the rel.  (If rel is a join relation, rel->relid will be
!      * 0, but there can be no Var with relid 0 in the reltargetlist or the
       * restriction clauses, so we skip this in that case.  Note that any such
       * columns in base relations that were joined are assumed to be contained
       * in fdw_scan_tlist.)  This is a bit of a kluge and might go away someday,
--- 2182,2188 ----
      /*
       * If rel is a base relation, detect whether any system columns are
       * requested from the rel.  (If rel is a join relation, rel->relid will be
!      * 0, but there can be no Var with relid 0 in the rel's targetlist or the
       * restriction clauses, so we skip this in that case.  Note that any such
       * columns in base relations that were joined are assumed to be contained
       * in fdw_scan_tlist.)  This is a bit of a kluge and might go away someday,
*************** create_foreignscan_plan(PlannerInfo *roo
*** 2198,2207 ****

          /*
           * First, examine all the attributes needed for joins or final output.
!          * Note: we must look at reltargetlist, not the attr_needed data,
           * because attr_needed isn't computed for inheritance child rels.
           */
!         pull_varattnos((Node *) rel->reltargetlist, scan_relid, &attrs_used);

          /* Add all the attributes used by restriction clauses. */
          foreach(lc, rel->baserestrictinfo)
--- 2197,2206 ----

          /*
           * First, examine all the attributes needed for joins or final output.
!          * Note: we must look at rel's targetlist, not the attr_needed data,
           * because attr_needed isn't computed for inheritance child rels.
           */
!         pull_varattnos((Node *) rel->reltarget.exprs, scan_relid, &attrs_used);

          /* Add all the attributes used by restriction clauses. */
          foreach(lc, rel->baserestrictinfo)
*************** copy_generic_path_info(Plan *dest, Path
*** 3455,3461 ****
          dest->startup_cost = src->startup_cost;
          dest->total_cost = src->total_cost;
          dest->plan_rows = src->rows;
!         dest->plan_width = src->parent->width;
          dest->parallel_aware = src->parallel_aware;
      }
      else
--- 3454,3460 ----
          dest->startup_cost = src->startup_cost;
          dest->total_cost = src->total_cost;
          dest->plan_rows = src->rows;
!         dest->plan_width = src->pathtarget->width;
          dest->parallel_aware = src->parallel_aware;
      }
      else
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/initsplan.c b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/initsplan.c
index 4a906a8..37fb586 100644
*** a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/initsplan.c
--- b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/initsplan.c
*************** add_vars_to_targetlist(PlannerInfo *root
*** 211,220 ****
              attno -= rel->min_attr;
              if (rel->attr_needed[attno] == NULL)
              {
!                 /* Variable not yet requested, so add to reltargetlist */
                  /* XXX is copyObject necessary here? */
!                 rel->reltargetlist = lappend(rel->reltargetlist,
!                                              copyObject(var));
              }
              rel->attr_needed[attno] = bms_add_members(rel->attr_needed[attno],
                                                        where_needed);
--- 211,221 ----
              attno -= rel->min_attr;
              if (rel->attr_needed[attno] == NULL)
              {
!                 /* Variable not yet requested, so add to rel's targetlist */
                  /* XXX is copyObject necessary here? */
!                 rel->reltarget.exprs = lappend(rel->reltarget.exprs,
!                                                copyObject(var));
!                 /* reltarget cost and width will be computed later */
              }
              rel->attr_needed[attno] = bms_add_members(rel->attr_needed[attno],
                                                        where_needed);
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
index f77c804..65b99e2 100644
*** a/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
--- b/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
*************** static List *reorder_grouping_sets(List
*** 98,111 ****
  static void standard_qp_callback(PlannerInfo *root, void *extra);
  static bool choose_hashed_grouping(PlannerInfo *root,
                         double tuple_fraction, double limit_tuples,
!                        double path_rows, int path_width,
                         Path *cheapest_path, Path *sorted_path,
                         double dNumGroups, AggClauseCosts *agg_costs);
  static bool choose_hashed_distinct(PlannerInfo *root,
                         double tuple_fraction, double limit_tuples,
!                        double path_rows, int path_width,
                         Cost cheapest_startup_cost, Cost cheapest_total_cost,
                         Cost sorted_startup_cost, Cost sorted_total_cost,
                         List *sorted_pathkeys,
                         double dNumDistinctRows);
  static List *make_subplanTargetList(PlannerInfo *root, List *tlist,
--- 98,113 ----
  static void standard_qp_callback(PlannerInfo *root, void *extra);
  static bool choose_hashed_grouping(PlannerInfo *root,
                         double tuple_fraction, double limit_tuples,
!                        double path_rows,
                         Path *cheapest_path, Path *sorted_path,
                         double dNumGroups, AggClauseCosts *agg_costs);
  static bool choose_hashed_distinct(PlannerInfo *root,
                         double tuple_fraction, double limit_tuples,
!                        double path_rows,
                         Cost cheapest_startup_cost, Cost cheapest_total_cost,
+                        int cheapest_path_width,
                         Cost sorted_startup_cost, Cost sorted_total_cost,
+                        int sorted_path_width,
                         List *sorted_pathkeys,
                         double dNumDistinctRows);
  static List *make_subplanTargetList(PlannerInfo *root, List *tlist,
*************** grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, doub
*** 1467,1473 ****
          AggClauseCosts agg_costs;
          int            numGroupCols;
          double        path_rows;
-         int            path_width;
          bool        use_hashed_grouping = false;
          WindowFuncLists *wflists = NULL;
          List       *activeWindows = NIL;
--- 1469,1474 ----
*************** grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, doub
*** 1672,1683 ****
                                    standard_qp_callback, &qp_extra);

          /*
!          * Extract rowcount and width estimates for use below.  If final_rel
!          * has been proven dummy, its rows estimate will be zero; clamp it to
!          * one to avoid zero-divide in subsequent calculations.
           */
          path_rows = clamp_row_est(final_rel->rows);
-         path_width = final_rel->width;

          /*
           * If there's grouping going on, estimate the number of result groups.
--- 1673,1683 ----
                                    standard_qp_callback, &qp_extra);

          /*
!          * Extract rowcount estimate for use below.  If final_rel has been
!          * proven dummy, its rows estimate will be zero; clamp it to one to
!          * avoid zero-divide in subsequent calculations.
           */
          path_rows = clamp_row_est(final_rel->rows);

          /*
           * If there's grouping going on, estimate the number of result groups.
*************** grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, doub
*** 1849,1855 ****
                  /* Figure cost for sorting */
                  cost_sort(&sort_path, root, root->query_pathkeys,
                            cheapest_path->total_cost,
!                           path_rows, path_width,
                            0.0, work_mem, root->limit_tuples);
              }

--- 1849,1855 ----
                  /* Figure cost for sorting */
                  cost_sort(&sort_path, root, root->query_pathkeys,
                            cheapest_path->total_cost,
!                           path_rows, cheapest_path->pathtarget->width,
                            0.0, work_mem, root->limit_tuples);
              }

*************** grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, doub
*** 1881,1887 ****
                  use_hashed_grouping =
                      choose_hashed_grouping(root,
                                             tuple_fraction, limit_tuples,
!                                            path_rows, path_width,
                                             cheapest_path, sorted_path,
                                             dNumGroups, &agg_costs);
              }
--- 1881,1887 ----
                  use_hashed_grouping =
                      choose_hashed_grouping(root,
                                             tuple_fraction, limit_tuples,
!                                            path_rows,
                                             cheapest_path, sorted_path,
                                             dNumGroups, &agg_costs);
              }
*************** grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, doub
*** 1900,1910 ****
              use_hashed_distinct =
                  choose_hashed_distinct(root,
                                         tuple_fraction, limit_tuples,
!                                        path_rows, path_width,
                                         cheapest_path->startup_cost,
                                         cheapest_path->total_cost,
                                         sorted_path->startup_cost,
                                         sorted_path->total_cost,
                                         sorted_path->pathkeys,
                                         dNumGroups);
              tested_hashed_distinct = true;
--- 1900,1912 ----
              use_hashed_distinct =
                  choose_hashed_distinct(root,
                                         tuple_fraction, limit_tuples,
!                                        path_rows,
                                         cheapest_path->startup_cost,
                                         cheapest_path->total_cost,
+                                        cheapest_path->pathtarget->width,
                                         sorted_path->startup_cost,
                                         sorted_path->total_cost,
+                                        sorted_path->pathtarget->width,
                                         sorted_path->pathkeys,
                                         dNumGroups);
              tested_hashed_distinct = true;
*************** grouping_planner(PlannerInfo *root, doub
*** 2343,2353 ****
                  choose_hashed_distinct(root,
                                         tuple_fraction, limit_tuples,
                                         result_plan->plan_rows,
-                                        result_plan->plan_width,
                                         result_plan->startup_cost,
                                         result_plan->total_cost,
                                         result_plan->startup_cost,
                                         result_plan->total_cost,
                                         current_pathkeys,
                                         dNumDistinctRows);
          }
--- 2345,2356 ----
                  choose_hashed_distinct(root,
                                         tuple_fraction, limit_tuples,
                                         result_plan->plan_rows,
                                         result_plan->startup_cost,
                                         result_plan->total_cost,
+                                        result_plan->plan_width,
                                         result_plan->startup_cost,
                                         result_plan->total_cost,
+                                        result_plan->plan_width,
                                         current_pathkeys,
                                         dNumDistinctRows);
          }
*************** build_grouping_chain(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 2678,2687 ****
   * any logic that uses plan_rows to, eg, estimate qual evaluation costs.)
   *
   * Note: during initial stages of planning, we mostly consider plan nodes with
!  * "flat" tlists, containing just Vars.  So their evaluation cost is zero
!  * according to the model used by cost_qual_eval() (or if you prefer, the cost
!  * is factored into cpu_tuple_cost).  Thus we can avoid accounting for tlist
!  * cost throughout query_planner() and subroutines.  But once we apply a
   * tlist that might contain actual operators, sub-selects, etc, we'd better
   * account for its cost.  Any set-returning functions in the tlist must also
   * affect the estimated rowcount.
--- 2681,2693 ----
   * any logic that uses plan_rows to, eg, estimate qual evaluation costs.)
   *
   * Note: during initial stages of planning, we mostly consider plan nodes with
!  * "flat" tlists, containing just Vars and PlaceHolderVars.  The evaluation
!  * cost of Vars is zero according to the model used by cost_qual_eval() (or if
!  * you prefer, the cost is factored into cpu_tuple_cost).  The evaluation cost
!  * of a PHV's expression is charged as part of the scan cost of whichever plan
!  * node first computes it, and then subsequent references to the PHV can be
!  * taken as having cost zero.  Thus we can avoid worrying about tlist cost
!  * as such throughout query_planner() and subroutines.  But once we apply a
   * tlist that might contain actual operators, sub-selects, etc, we'd better
   * account for its cost.  Any set-returning functions in the tlist must also
   * affect the estimated rowcount.
*************** standard_qp_callback(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 3840,3846 ****
  static bool
  choose_hashed_grouping(PlannerInfo *root,
                         double tuple_fraction, double limit_tuples,
!                        double path_rows, int path_width,
                         Path *cheapest_path, Path *sorted_path,
                         double dNumGroups, AggClauseCosts *agg_costs)
  {
--- 3846,3852 ----
  static bool
  choose_hashed_grouping(PlannerInfo *root,
                         double tuple_fraction, double limit_tuples,
!                        double path_rows,
                         Path *cheapest_path, Path *sorted_path,
                         double dNumGroups, AggClauseCosts *agg_costs)
  {
*************** choose_hashed_grouping(PlannerInfo *root
*** 3853,3858 ****
--- 3859,3865 ----
      List       *current_pathkeys;
      Path        hashed_p;
      Path        sorted_p;
+     int            sorted_p_width;

      /*
       * Executor doesn't support hashed aggregation with DISTINCT or ORDER BY
*************** choose_hashed_grouping(PlannerInfo *root
*** 3890,3896 ****
       */

      /* Estimate per-hash-entry space at tuple width... */
!     hashentrysize = MAXALIGN(path_width) + MAXALIGN(SizeofMinimalTupleHeader);
      /* plus space for pass-by-ref transition values... */
      hashentrysize += agg_costs->transitionSpace;
      /* plus the per-hash-entry overhead */
--- 3897,3904 ----
       */

      /* Estimate per-hash-entry space at tuple width... */
!     hashentrysize = MAXALIGN(cheapest_path->pathtarget->width) +
!         MAXALIGN(SizeofMinimalTupleHeader);
      /* plus space for pass-by-ref transition values... */
      hashentrysize += agg_costs->transitionSpace;
      /* plus the per-hash-entry overhead */
*************** choose_hashed_grouping(PlannerInfo *root
*** 3935,3959 ****
      /* Result of hashed agg is always unsorted */
      if (target_pathkeys)
          cost_sort(&hashed_p, root, target_pathkeys, hashed_p.total_cost,
!                   dNumGroups, path_width,
                    0.0, work_mem, limit_tuples);

      if (sorted_path)
      {
          sorted_p.startup_cost = sorted_path->startup_cost;
          sorted_p.total_cost = sorted_path->total_cost;
          current_pathkeys = sorted_path->pathkeys;
      }
      else
      {
          sorted_p.startup_cost = cheapest_path->startup_cost;
          sorted_p.total_cost = cheapest_path->total_cost;
          current_pathkeys = cheapest_path->pathkeys;
      }
      if (!pathkeys_contained_in(root->group_pathkeys, current_pathkeys))
      {
          cost_sort(&sorted_p, root, root->group_pathkeys, sorted_p.total_cost,
!                   path_rows, path_width,
                    0.0, work_mem, -1.0);
          current_pathkeys = root->group_pathkeys;
      }
--- 3943,3969 ----
      /* Result of hashed agg is always unsorted */
      if (target_pathkeys)
          cost_sort(&hashed_p, root, target_pathkeys, hashed_p.total_cost,
!                   dNumGroups, cheapest_path->pathtarget->width,
                    0.0, work_mem, limit_tuples);

      if (sorted_path)
      {
          sorted_p.startup_cost = sorted_path->startup_cost;
          sorted_p.total_cost = sorted_path->total_cost;
+         sorted_p_width = sorted_path->pathtarget->width;
          current_pathkeys = sorted_path->pathkeys;
      }
      else
      {
          sorted_p.startup_cost = cheapest_path->startup_cost;
          sorted_p.total_cost = cheapest_path->total_cost;
+         sorted_p_width = cheapest_path->pathtarget->width;
          current_pathkeys = cheapest_path->pathkeys;
      }
      if (!pathkeys_contained_in(root->group_pathkeys, current_pathkeys))
      {
          cost_sort(&sorted_p, root, root->group_pathkeys, sorted_p.total_cost,
!                   path_rows, sorted_p_width,
                    0.0, work_mem, -1.0);
          current_pathkeys = root->group_pathkeys;
      }
*************** choose_hashed_grouping(PlannerInfo *root
*** 3971,3977 ****
      if (target_pathkeys &&
          !pathkeys_contained_in(target_pathkeys, current_pathkeys))
          cost_sort(&sorted_p, root, target_pathkeys, sorted_p.total_cost,
!                   dNumGroups, path_width,
                    0.0, work_mem, limit_tuples);

      /*
--- 3981,3987 ----
      if (target_pathkeys &&
          !pathkeys_contained_in(target_pathkeys, current_pathkeys))
          cost_sort(&sorted_p, root, target_pathkeys, sorted_p.total_cost,
!                   dNumGroups, sorted_p_width,
                    0.0, work_mem, limit_tuples);

      /*
*************** choose_hashed_grouping(PlannerInfo *root
*** 4008,4016 ****
  static bool
  choose_hashed_distinct(PlannerInfo *root,
                         double tuple_fraction, double limit_tuples,
!                        double path_rows, int path_width,
                         Cost cheapest_startup_cost, Cost cheapest_total_cost,
                         Cost sorted_startup_cost, Cost sorted_total_cost,
                         List *sorted_pathkeys,
                         double dNumDistinctRows)
  {
--- 4018,4028 ----
  static bool
  choose_hashed_distinct(PlannerInfo *root,
                         double tuple_fraction, double limit_tuples,
!                        double path_rows,
                         Cost cheapest_startup_cost, Cost cheapest_total_cost,
+                        int cheapest_path_width,
                         Cost sorted_startup_cost, Cost sorted_total_cost,
+                        int sorted_path_width,
                         List *sorted_pathkeys,
                         double dNumDistinctRows)
  {
*************** choose_hashed_distinct(PlannerInfo *root
*** 4058,4064 ****
       */

      /* Estimate per-hash-entry space at tuple width... */
!     hashentrysize = MAXALIGN(path_width) + MAXALIGN(SizeofMinimalTupleHeader);
      /* plus the per-hash-entry overhead */
      hashentrysize += hash_agg_entry_size(0);

--- 4070,4077 ----
       */

      /* Estimate per-hash-entry space at tuple width... */
!     hashentrysize = MAXALIGN(cheapest_path_width) +
!         MAXALIGN(SizeofMinimalTupleHeader);
      /* plus the per-hash-entry overhead */
      hashentrysize += hash_agg_entry_size(0);

*************** choose_hashed_distinct(PlannerInfo *root
*** 4089,4095 ****
       */
      if (parse->sortClause)
          cost_sort(&hashed_p, root, root->sort_pathkeys, hashed_p.total_cost,
!                   dNumDistinctRows, path_width,
                    0.0, work_mem, limit_tuples);

      /*
--- 4102,4108 ----
       */
      if (parse->sortClause)
          cost_sort(&hashed_p, root, root->sort_pathkeys, hashed_p.total_cost,
!                   dNumDistinctRows, cheapest_path_width,
                    0.0, work_mem, limit_tuples);

      /*
*************** choose_hashed_distinct(PlannerInfo *root
*** 4113,4119 ****
          else
              current_pathkeys = root->sort_pathkeys;
          cost_sort(&sorted_p, root, current_pathkeys, sorted_p.total_cost,
!                   path_rows, path_width,
                    0.0, work_mem, -1.0);
      }
      cost_group(&sorted_p, root, numDistinctCols, dNumDistinctRows,
--- 4126,4132 ----
          else
              current_pathkeys = root->sort_pathkeys;
          cost_sort(&sorted_p, root, current_pathkeys, sorted_p.total_cost,
!                   path_rows, sorted_path_width,
                    0.0, work_mem, -1.0);
      }
      cost_group(&sorted_p, root, numDistinctCols, dNumDistinctRows,
*************** choose_hashed_distinct(PlannerInfo *root
*** 4122,4128 ****
      if (parse->sortClause &&
          !pathkeys_contained_in(root->sort_pathkeys, current_pathkeys))
          cost_sort(&sorted_p, root, root->sort_pathkeys, sorted_p.total_cost,
!                   dNumDistinctRows, path_width,
                    0.0, work_mem, limit_tuples);

      /*
--- 4135,4141 ----
      if (parse->sortClause &&
          !pathkeys_contained_in(root->sort_pathkeys, current_pathkeys))
          cost_sort(&sorted_p, root, root->sort_pathkeys, sorted_p.total_cost,
!                   dNumDistinctRows, sorted_path_width,
                    0.0, work_mem, limit_tuples);

      /*
*************** plan_cluster_use_sort(Oid tableOid, Oid
*** 4896,4902 ****
       * set_baserel_size_estimates, just do a quick hack for rows and width.
       */
      rel->rows = rel->tuples;
!     rel->width = get_relation_data_width(tableOid, NULL);

      root->total_table_pages = rel->pages;

--- 4909,4915 ----
       * set_baserel_size_estimates, just do a quick hack for rows and width.
       */
      rel->rows = rel->tuples;
!     rel->reltarget.width = get_relation_data_width(tableOid, NULL);

      root->total_table_pages = rel->pages;

*************** plan_cluster_use_sort(Oid tableOid, Oid
*** 4912,4918 ****
      /* Estimate the cost of seq scan + sort */
      seqScanPath = create_seqscan_path(root, rel, NULL, 0);
      cost_sort(&seqScanAndSortPath, root, NIL,
!               seqScanPath->total_cost, rel->tuples, rel->width,
                comparisonCost, maintenance_work_mem, -1.0);

      /* Estimate the cost of index scan */
--- 4925,4931 ----
      /* Estimate the cost of seq scan + sort */
      seqScanPath = create_seqscan_path(root, rel, NULL, 0);
      cost_sort(&seqScanAndSortPath, root, NIL,
!               seqScanPath->total_cost, rel->tuples, rel->reltarget.width,
                comparisonCost, maintenance_work_mem, -1.0);

      /* Estimate the cost of index scan */
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/util/clauses.c b/src/backend/optimizer/util/clauses.c
index dff115e..6ac25dc 100644
*** a/src/backend/optimizer/util/clauses.c
--- b/src/backend/optimizer/util/clauses.c
*************** eval_const_expressions_mutator(Node *nod
*** 3489,3495 ****
                   * can optimize field selection from a RowExpr construct.
                   *
                   * However, replacing a whole-row Var in this way has a
!                  * pitfall: if we've already built the reltargetlist for the
                   * source relation, then the whole-row Var is scheduled to be
                   * produced by the relation scan, but the simple Var probably
                   * isn't, which will lead to a failure in setrefs.c.  This is
--- 3489,3495 ----
                   * can optimize field selection from a RowExpr construct.
                   *
                   * However, replacing a whole-row Var in this way has a
!                  * pitfall: if we've already built the rel targetlist for the
                   * source relation, then the whole-row Var is scheduled to be
                   * produced by the relation scan, but the simple Var probably
                   * isn't, which will lead to a failure in setrefs.c.  This is
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c b/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
index 1097a18..9417587 100644
*** a/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
--- b/src/backend/optimizer/util/pathnode.c
*************** create_seqscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 929,934 ****
--- 929,935 ----

      pathnode->pathtype = T_SeqScan;
      pathnode->parent = rel;
+     pathnode->pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                       required_outer);
      pathnode->parallel_aware = parallel_degree > 0 ? true : false;
*************** create_samplescan_path(PlannerInfo *root
*** 952,957 ****
--- 953,959 ----

      pathnode->pathtype = T_SampleScan;
      pathnode->parent = rel;
+     pathnode->pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                       required_outer);
      pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_index_path(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 1008,1013 ****
--- 1010,1016 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = indexonly ? T_IndexOnlyScan : T_IndexScan;
      pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                            required_outer);
      pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_bitmap_heap_path(PlannerInfo *roo
*** 1056,1061 ****
--- 1059,1065 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_BitmapHeapScan;
      pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                            required_outer);
      pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_bitmap_and_path(PlannerInfo *root
*** 1085,1090 ****
--- 1089,1095 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_BitmapAnd;
      pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;    /* not used in bitmap trees */

      /*
*************** create_bitmap_or_path(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 1120,1125 ****
--- 1125,1131 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_BitmapOr;
      pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;    /* not used in bitmap trees */

      /*
*************** create_tidscan_path(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 1154,1159 ****
--- 1160,1166 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_TidScan;
      pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                            required_outer);
      pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_append_path(RelOptInfo *rel, List
*** 1185,1190 ****
--- 1192,1198 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Append;
      pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = get_appendrel_parampathinfo(rel,
                                                              required_outer);
      pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_merge_append_path(PlannerInfo *ro
*** 1243,1248 ****
--- 1251,1257 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_MergeAppend;
      pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = get_appendrel_parampathinfo(rel,
                                                              required_outer);
      pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_merge_append_path(PlannerInfo *ro
*** 1290,1296 ****
                        pathkeys,
                        subpath->total_cost,
                        subpath->parent->tuples,
!                       subpath->parent->width,
                        0.0,
                        work_mem,
                        pathnode->limit_tuples);
--- 1299,1305 ----
                        pathkeys,
                        subpath->total_cost,
                        subpath->parent->tuples,
!                       subpath->pathtarget->width,
                        0.0,
                        work_mem,
                        pathnode->limit_tuples);
*************** create_result_path(RelOptInfo *rel, List
*** 1322,1328 ****
      ResultPath *pathnode = makeNode(ResultPath);

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Result;
!     pathnode->path.parent = NULL;
      pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;    /* there are no other rels... */
      pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
      pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
--- 1331,1338 ----
      ResultPath *pathnode = makeNode(ResultPath);

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Result;
!     pathnode->path.parent = rel;
!     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = NULL;    /* there are no other rels... */
      pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
      pathnode->path.parallel_safe = rel->consider_parallel;
*************** create_result_path(RelOptInfo *rel, List
*** 1339,1345 ****
       * In theory we should include the qual eval cost as well, but at present
       * that doesn't accomplish much except duplicate work that will be done
       * again in make_result; since this is only used for degenerate cases,
!      * nothing interesting will be done with the path cost values...
       */

      return pathnode;
--- 1349,1358 ----
       * In theory we should include the qual eval cost as well, but at present
       * that doesn't accomplish much except duplicate work that will be done
       * again in make_result; since this is only used for degenerate cases,
!      * nothing interesting will be done with the path cost values.
!      *
!      * (Likewise, we don't worry about pathtarget->cost since that tlist will
!      * be empty at this point.)
       */

      return pathnode;
*************** create_material_path(RelOptInfo *rel, Pa
*** 1359,1364 ****
--- 1372,1378 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Material;
      pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = subpath->param_info;
      pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
      pathnode->path.parallel_safe = subpath->parallel_safe;
*************** create_material_path(RelOptInfo *rel, Pa
*** 1371,1377 ****
                    subpath->startup_cost,
                    subpath->total_cost,
                    subpath->rows,
!                   rel->width);

      return pathnode;
  }
--- 1385,1391 ----
                    subpath->startup_cost,
                    subpath->total_cost,
                    subpath->rows,
!                   subpath->pathtarget->width);

      return pathnode;
  }
*************** create_unique_path(PlannerInfo *root, Re
*** 1422,1427 ****
--- 1436,1442 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Unique;
      pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = subpath->param_info;
      pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
      pathnode->path.parallel_safe = subpath->parallel_safe;
*************** create_unique_path(PlannerInfo *root, Re
*** 1516,1522 ****
          cost_sort(&sort_path, root, NIL,
                    subpath->total_cost,
                    rel->rows,
!                   rel->width,
                    0.0,
                    work_mem,
                    -1.0);
--- 1531,1537 ----
          cost_sort(&sort_path, root, NIL,
                    subpath->total_cost,
                    rel->rows,
!                   subpath->pathtarget->width,
                    0.0,
                    work_mem,
                    -1.0);
*************** create_unique_path(PlannerInfo *root, Re
*** 1536,1542 ****
           * Estimate the overhead per hashtable entry at 64 bytes (same as in
           * planner.c).
           */
!         int            hashentrysize = rel->width + 64;

          if (hashentrysize * pathnode->path.rows > work_mem * 1024L)
          {
--- 1551,1557 ----
           * Estimate the overhead per hashtable entry at 64 bytes (same as in
           * planner.c).
           */
!         int            hashentrysize = subpath->pathtarget->width + 64;

          if (hashentrysize * pathnode->path.rows > work_mem * 1024L)
          {
*************** create_gather_path(PlannerInfo *root, Re
*** 1607,1612 ****
--- 1622,1628 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_Gather;
      pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                            required_outer);
      pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_subqueryscan_path(PlannerInfo *ro
*** 1672,1677 ****
--- 1688,1694 ----

      pathnode->pathtype = T_SubqueryScan;
      pathnode->parent = rel;
+     pathnode->pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                       required_outer);
      pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_functionscan_path(PlannerInfo *ro
*** 1697,1702 ****
--- 1714,1720 ----

      pathnode->pathtype = T_FunctionScan;
      pathnode->parent = rel;
+     pathnode->pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                       required_outer);
      pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_valuesscan_path(PlannerInfo *root
*** 1722,1727 ****
--- 1740,1746 ----

      pathnode->pathtype = T_ValuesScan;
      pathnode->parent = rel;
+     pathnode->pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                       required_outer);
      pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_ctescan_path(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 1746,1751 ****
--- 1765,1771 ----

      pathnode->pathtype = T_CteScan;
      pathnode->parent = rel;
+     pathnode->pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                       required_outer);
      pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_worktablescan_path(PlannerInfo *r
*** 1771,1776 ****
--- 1791,1797 ----

      pathnode->pathtype = T_WorkTableScan;
      pathnode->parent = rel;
+     pathnode->pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                       required_outer);
      pathnode->parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_foreignscan_path(PlannerInfo *roo
*** 1806,1811 ****
--- 1827,1833 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_ForeignScan;
      pathnode->path.parent = rel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(rel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info = get_baserel_parampathinfo(root, rel,
                                                            required_outer);
      pathnode->path.parallel_aware = false;
*************** create_nestloop_path(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 1938,1943 ****
--- 1960,1966 ----

      pathnode->path.pathtype = T_NestLoop;
      pathnode->path.parent = joinrel;
+     pathnode->path.pathtarget = &(joinrel->reltarget);
      pathnode->path.param_info =
          get_joinrel_parampathinfo(root,
                                    joinrel,
*************** create_mergejoin_path(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 2000,2005 ****
--- 2023,2029 ----

      pathnode->jpath.path.pathtype = T_MergeJoin;
      pathnode->jpath.path.parent = joinrel;
+     pathnode->jpath.path.pathtarget = &(joinrel->reltarget);
      pathnode->jpath.path.param_info =
          get_joinrel_parampathinfo(root,
                                    joinrel,
*************** create_hashjoin_path(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 2060,2065 ****
--- 2084,2090 ----

      pathnode->jpath.path.pathtype = T_HashJoin;
      pathnode->jpath.path.parent = joinrel;
+     pathnode->jpath.path.pathtarget = &(joinrel->reltarget);
      pathnode->jpath.path.param_info =
          get_joinrel_parampathinfo(root,
                                    joinrel,
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/util/placeholder.c b/src/backend/optimizer/util/placeholder.c
index d954265..4af06ab 100644
*** a/src/backend/optimizer/util/placeholder.c
--- b/src/backend/optimizer/util/placeholder.c
***************
*** 16,21 ****
--- 16,22 ----
  #include "postgres.h"

  #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+ #include "optimizer/cost.h"
  #include "optimizer/pathnode.h"
  #include "optimizer/placeholder.h"
  #include "optimizer/planmain.h"
*************** add_placeholders_to_base_rels(PlannerInf
*** 388,395 ****
          {
              RelOptInfo *rel = find_base_rel(root, varno);

!             rel->reltargetlist = lappend(rel->reltargetlist,
!                                          copyObject(phinfo->ph_var));
          }
      }
  }
--- 389,397 ----
          {
              RelOptInfo *rel = find_base_rel(root, varno);

!             rel->reltarget.exprs = lappend(rel->reltarget.exprs,
!                                            copyObject(phinfo->ph_var));
!             /* reltarget's cost and width fields will be updated later */
          }
      }
  }
*************** add_placeholders_to_base_rels(PlannerInf
*** 402,412 ****
   *
   * A join rel should emit a PlaceHolderVar if (a) the PHV is needed above
   * this join level and (b) the PHV can be computed at or below this level.
-  * At this time we do not need to distinguish whether the PHV will be
-  * computed here or copied up from below.
   */
  void
! add_placeholders_to_joinrel(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel)
  {
      Relids        relids = joinrel->relids;
      ListCell   *lc;
--- 404,413 ----
   *
   * A join rel should emit a PlaceHolderVar if (a) the PHV is needed above
   * this join level and (b) the PHV can be computed at or below this level.
   */
  void
! add_placeholders_to_joinrel(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel,
!                             RelOptInfo *outer_rel, RelOptInfo *inner_rel)
  {
      Relids        relids = joinrel->relids;
      ListCell   *lc;
*************** add_placeholders_to_joinrel(PlannerInfo
*** 422,430 ****
              if (bms_is_subset(phinfo->ph_eval_at, relids))
              {
                  /* Yup, add it to the output */
!                 joinrel->reltargetlist = lappend(joinrel->reltargetlist,
!                                                  phinfo->ph_var);
!                 joinrel->width += phinfo->ph_width;
                  /* Adjust joinrel's direct_lateral_relids as needed */
                  joinrel->direct_lateral_relids =
                      bms_add_members(joinrel->direct_lateral_relids,
--- 423,454 ----
              if (bms_is_subset(phinfo->ph_eval_at, relids))
              {
                  /* Yup, add it to the output */
!                 joinrel->reltarget.exprs = lappend(joinrel->reltarget.exprs,
!                                                    phinfo->ph_var);
!                 joinrel->reltarget.width += phinfo->ph_width;
!
!                 /*
!                  * Charge the cost of evaluating the contained expression if
!                  * the PHV can be computed here but not in either input.  This
!                  * is a bit bogus because we make the decision based on the
!                  * first pair of possible input relations considered for the
!                  * joinrel.  With other pairs, it might be possible to compute
!                  * the PHV in one input or the other, and then we'd be double
!                  * charging the PHV's cost for some join paths.  For now, live
!                  * with that; but we might want to improve it later by
!                  * refiguring the reltarget costs for each pair of inputs.
!                  */
!                 if (!bms_is_subset(phinfo->ph_eval_at, outer_rel->relids) &&
!                     !bms_is_subset(phinfo->ph_eval_at, inner_rel->relids))
!                 {
!                     QualCost    cost;
!
!                     cost_qual_eval_node(&cost, (Node *) phinfo->ph_var->phexpr,
!                                         root);
!                     joinrel->reltarget.cost.startup += cost.startup;
!                     joinrel->reltarget.cost.per_tuple += cost.per_tuple;
!                 }
!
                  /* Adjust joinrel's direct_lateral_relids as needed */
                  joinrel->direct_lateral_relids =
                      bms_add_members(joinrel->direct_lateral_relids,
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/util/relnode.c b/src/backend/optimizer/util/relnode.c
index 420692f..e658f27 100644
*** a/src/backend/optimizer/util/relnode.c
--- b/src/backend/optimizer/util/relnode.c
*************** build_simple_rel(PlannerInfo *root, int
*** 102,113 ****
      rel->reloptkind = reloptkind;
      rel->relids = bms_make_singleton(relid);
      rel->rows = 0;
-     rel->width = 0;
      /* cheap startup cost is interesting iff not all tuples to be retrieved */
      rel->consider_startup = (root->tuple_fraction > 0);
      rel->consider_param_startup = false;        /* might get changed later */
      rel->consider_parallel = false;        /* might get changed later */
!     rel->reltargetlist = NIL;
      rel->pathlist = NIL;
      rel->ppilist = NIL;
      rel->partial_pathlist = NIL;
--- 102,115 ----
      rel->reloptkind = reloptkind;
      rel->relids = bms_make_singleton(relid);
      rel->rows = 0;
      /* cheap startup cost is interesting iff not all tuples to be retrieved */
      rel->consider_startup = (root->tuple_fraction > 0);
      rel->consider_param_startup = false;        /* might get changed later */
      rel->consider_parallel = false;        /* might get changed later */
!     rel->reltarget.exprs = NIL;
!     rel->reltarget.cost.startup = 0;
!     rel->reltarget.cost.per_tuple = 0;
!     rel->reltarget.width = 0;
      rel->pathlist = NIL;
      rel->ppilist = NIL;
      rel->partial_pathlist = NIL;
*************** build_join_rel(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 387,398 ****
      joinrel->reloptkind = RELOPT_JOINREL;
      joinrel->relids = bms_copy(joinrelids);
      joinrel->rows = 0;
-     joinrel->width = 0;
      /* cheap startup cost is interesting iff not all tuples to be retrieved */
      joinrel->consider_startup = (root->tuple_fraction > 0);
      joinrel->consider_param_startup = false;
      joinrel->consider_parallel = false;
!     joinrel->reltargetlist = NIL;
      joinrel->pathlist = NIL;
      joinrel->ppilist = NIL;
      joinrel->partial_pathlist = NIL;
--- 389,402 ----
      joinrel->reloptkind = RELOPT_JOINREL;
      joinrel->relids = bms_copy(joinrelids);
      joinrel->rows = 0;
      /* cheap startup cost is interesting iff not all tuples to be retrieved */
      joinrel->consider_startup = (root->tuple_fraction > 0);
      joinrel->consider_param_startup = false;
      joinrel->consider_parallel = false;
!     joinrel->reltarget.exprs = NIL;
!     joinrel->reltarget.cost.startup = 0;
!     joinrel->reltarget.cost.per_tuple = 0;
!     joinrel->reltarget.width = 0;
      joinrel->pathlist = NIL;
      joinrel->ppilist = NIL;
      joinrel->partial_pathlist = NIL;
*************** build_join_rel(PlannerInfo *root,
*** 459,465 ****
       */
      build_joinrel_tlist(root, joinrel, outer_rel);
      build_joinrel_tlist(root, joinrel, inner_rel);
!     add_placeholders_to_joinrel(root, joinrel);

      /*
       * add_placeholders_to_joinrel also took care of adding the ph_lateral
--- 463,469 ----
       */
      build_joinrel_tlist(root, joinrel, outer_rel);
      build_joinrel_tlist(root, joinrel, inner_rel);
!     add_placeholders_to_joinrel(root, joinrel, outer_rel, inner_rel);

      /*
       * add_placeholders_to_joinrel also took care of adding the ph_lateral
*************** build_joinrel_tlist(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 609,615 ****
      Relids        relids = joinrel->relids;
      ListCell   *vars;

!     foreach(vars, input_rel->reltargetlist)
      {
          Var           *var = (Var *) lfirst(vars);
          RelOptInfo *baserel;
--- 613,619 ----
      Relids        relids = joinrel->relids;
      ListCell   *vars;

!     foreach(vars, input_rel->reltarget.exprs)
      {
          Var           *var = (Var *) lfirst(vars);
          RelOptInfo *baserel;
*************** build_joinrel_tlist(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 628,634 ****
           * rels, which will never be seen here.)
           */
          if (!IsA(var, Var))
!             elog(ERROR, "unexpected node type in reltargetlist: %d",
                   (int) nodeTag(var));

          /* Get the Var's original base rel */
--- 632,638 ----
           * rels, which will never be seen here.)
           */
          if (!IsA(var, Var))
!             elog(ERROR, "unexpected node type in rel targetlist: %d",
                   (int) nodeTag(var));

          /* Get the Var's original base rel */
*************** build_joinrel_tlist(PlannerInfo *root, R
*** 639,646 ****
          if (bms_nonempty_difference(baserel->attr_needed[ndx], relids))
          {
              /* Yup, add it to the output */
!             joinrel->reltargetlist = lappend(joinrel->reltargetlist, var);
!             joinrel->width += baserel->attr_widths[ndx];
          }
      }
  }
--- 643,651 ----
          if (bms_nonempty_difference(baserel->attr_needed[ndx], relids))
          {
              /* Yup, add it to the output */
!             joinrel->reltarget.exprs = lappend(joinrel->reltarget.exprs, var);
!             /* Vars have cost zero, so no need to adjust reltarget.cost */
!             joinrel->reltarget.width += baserel->attr_widths[ndx];
          }
      }
  }
*************** build_empty_join_rel(PlannerInfo *root)
*** 826,832 ****
      joinrel->reloptkind = RELOPT_JOINREL;
      joinrel->relids = NULL;        /* empty set */
      joinrel->rows = 1;            /* we produce one row for such cases */
-     joinrel->width = 0;            /* it contains no Vars */
      joinrel->rtekind = RTE_JOIN;

      root->join_rel_list = lappend(root->join_rel_list, joinrel);
--- 831,836 ----
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/relation.h b/src/include/nodes/relation.h
index 96198ae..af8cb6b 100644
*** a/src/include/nodes/relation.h
--- b/src/include/nodes/relation.h
*************** typedef struct AggClauseCosts
*** 61,66 ****
--- 61,85 ----
      Size        transitionSpace;    /* space for pass-by-ref transition data */
  } AggClauseCosts;

+ /*
+  * This struct contains what we need to know during planning about the
+  * targetlist (output columns) that a Path will compute.  Each RelOptInfo
+  * includes a default PathTarget, which its individual Paths may merely point
+  * to.  However, in some cases a Path may compute outputs different from other
+  * Paths, and in that case we make a custom PathTarget struct for it.  For
+  * example, an indexscan might return index expressions that would otherwise
+  * need to be explicitly calculated.
+  *
+  * Note that PathTarget.exprs is just a list of expressions; they do not have
+  * TargetEntry nodes on top, though those will appear in the finished Plan.
+  */
+ typedef struct PathTarget
+ {
+     List       *exprs;            /* list of expressions to be computed */
+     QualCost    cost;            /* cost of evaluating the above */
+     int            width;            /* estimated avg width of result tuples */
+ } PathTarget;
+

  /*----------
   * PlannerGlobal
*************** typedef struct PlannerInfo
*** 334,350 ****
   *                if there is just one, a join relation if more than one
   *        rows - estimated number of tuples in the relation after restriction
   *               clauses have been applied (ie, output rows of a plan for it)
-  *        width - avg. number of bytes per tuple in the relation after the
-  *                appropriate projections have been done (ie, output width)
   *        consider_startup - true if there is any value in keeping plain paths for
   *                           this rel on the basis of having cheap startup cost
   *        consider_param_startup - the same for parameterized paths
!  *        reltargetlist - List of Var and PlaceHolderVar nodes for the values
!  *                        we need to output from this relation.
!  *                        List is in no particular order, but all rels of an
!  *                        appendrel set must use corresponding orders.
!  *                        NOTE: in an appendrel child relation, may contain
!  *                        arbitrary expressions pulled up from a subquery!
   *        pathlist - List of Path nodes, one for each potentially useful
   *                   method of generating the relation
   *        ppilist - ParamPathInfo nodes for parameterized Paths, if any
--- 353,368 ----
   *                if there is just one, a join relation if more than one
   *        rows - estimated number of tuples in the relation after restriction
   *               clauses have been applied (ie, output rows of a plan for it)
   *        consider_startup - true if there is any value in keeping plain paths for
   *                           this rel on the basis of having cheap startup cost
   *        consider_param_startup - the same for parameterized paths
!  *        reltarget - Default Path output tlist for this rel; normally contains
!  *                    Var and PlaceHolderVar nodes for the values we need to
!  *                    output from this relation.
!  *                    List is in no particular order, but all rels of an
!  *                    appendrel set must use corresponding orders.
!  *                    NOTE: in an appendrel child relation, may contain
!  *                    arbitrary expressions pulled up from a subquery!
   *        pathlist - List of Path nodes, one for each potentially useful
   *                   method of generating the relation
   *        ppilist - ParamPathInfo nodes for parameterized Paths, if any
*************** typedef struct RelOptInfo
*** 451,465 ****

      /* size estimates generated by planner */
      double        rows;            /* estimated number of result tuples */
-     int            width;            /* estimated avg width of result tuples */

      /* per-relation planner control flags */
      bool        consider_startup;        /* keep cheap-startup-cost paths? */
      bool        consider_param_startup; /* ditto, for parameterized paths? */
      bool        consider_parallel;        /* consider parallel paths? */

      /* materialization information */
-     List       *reltargetlist;    /* Vars to be output by scan of relation */
      List       *pathlist;        /* Path structures */
      List       *ppilist;        /* ParamPathInfos used in pathlist */
      List       *partial_pathlist;    /* partial Paths */
--- 469,484 ----

      /* size estimates generated by planner */
      double        rows;            /* estimated number of result tuples */

      /* per-relation planner control flags */
      bool        consider_startup;        /* keep cheap-startup-cost paths? */
      bool        consider_param_startup; /* ditto, for parameterized paths? */
      bool        consider_parallel;        /* consider parallel paths? */

+     /* default result targetlist for Paths scanning this relation */
+     PathTarget    reltarget;        /* list of Vars/Exprs, cost, width */
+
      /* materialization information */
      List       *pathlist;        /* Path structures */
      List       *ppilist;        /* ParamPathInfos used in pathlist */
      List       *partial_pathlist;    /* partial Paths */
*************** typedef struct ParamPathInfo
*** 744,749 ****
--- 763,773 ----
   * the same Path type for multiple Plan types when there is no need to
   * distinguish the Plan type during path processing.
   *
+  * "parent" identifies the relation this Path scans, and "pathtarget"
+  * describes the precise set of output columns the Path would compute.
+  * In simple cases all Paths for a given rel share the same targetlist,
+  * which we represent by having path->pathtarget point to parent->reltarget.
+  *
   * "param_info", if not NULL, links to a ParamPathInfo that identifies outer
   * relation(s) that provide parameter values to each scan of this path.
   * That means this path can only be joined to those rels by means of nestloop
*************** typedef struct Path
*** 765,771 ****
--- 789,798 ----
      NodeTag        pathtype;        /* tag identifying scan/join method */

      RelOptInfo *parent;            /* the relation this path can build */
+     PathTarget *pathtarget;        /* list of Vars/Exprs, cost, width */
+
      ParamPathInfo *param_info;    /* parameterization info, or NULL if none */
+
      bool        parallel_aware; /* engage parallel-aware logic? */
      bool        parallel_safe;    /* OK to use as part of parallel plan? */
      int            parallel_degree; /* desired parallel degree; 0 = not parallel */
diff --git a/src/include/optimizer/placeholder.h b/src/include/optimizer/placeholder.h
index 59c87ae..54d0216 100644
*** a/src/include/optimizer/placeholder.h
--- b/src/include/optimizer/placeholder.h
*************** extern void update_placeholder_eval_leve
*** 26,32 ****
                                 SpecialJoinInfo *new_sjinfo);
  extern void fix_placeholder_input_needed_levels(PlannerInfo *root);
  extern void add_placeholders_to_base_rels(PlannerInfo *root);
! extern void add_placeholders_to_joinrel(PlannerInfo *root,
!                             RelOptInfo *joinrel);

  #endif   /* PLACEHOLDER_H */
--- 26,32 ----
                                 SpecialJoinInfo *new_sjinfo);
  extern void fix_placeholder_input_needed_levels(PlannerInfo *root);
  extern void add_placeholders_to_base_rels(PlannerInfo *root);
! extern void add_placeholders_to_joinrel(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel,
!                             RelOptInfo *outer_rel, RelOptInfo *inner_rel);

  #endif   /* PLACEHOLDER_H */
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/join.out b/src/test/regress/expected/join.out
index e402834..59d7877 100644
*** a/src/test/regress/expected/join.out
--- b/src/test/regress/expected/join.out
*************** select v.* from
*** 4682,4705 ****
    lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 union all select x.q2,y.q2) v(vx,vy);
          vx         |        vy
  -------------------+-------------------
!                123 |
!                456 |
!                123 |  4567890123456789
!   4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
                 123 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
-                123 |  4567890123456789
-   4567890123456789 |               123
    4567890123456789 |               123
                 123 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |               123
-                123 |               456
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
-   4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
!   4567890123456789 |               123
    4567890123456789 |
   -4567890123456789 |
  (20 rows)
--- 4682,4705 ----
    lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 union all select x.q2,y.q2) v(vx,vy);
          vx         |        vy
  -------------------+-------------------
!   4567890123456789 |               123
!                123 |               456
!   4567890123456789 |               123
                 123 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |               123
                 123 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |               123
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+                123 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
!   4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
!                123 |  4567890123456789
!   4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
!                123 |
!                456 |
    4567890123456789 |
   -4567890123456789 |
  (20 rows)
*************** select v.* from
*** 4713,4736 ****
    lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 from dual union all select x.q2,y.q2 from dual) v(vx,vy);
          vx         |        vy
  -------------------+-------------------
!                123 |
!                456 |
!                123 |  4567890123456789
!   4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
                 123 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
-                123 |  4567890123456789
-   4567890123456789 |               123
    4567890123456789 |               123
                 123 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |               123
-                123 |               456
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
-   4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
!   4567890123456789 |               123
    4567890123456789 |
   -4567890123456789 |
  (20 rows)
--- 4713,4736 ----
    lateral (select x.q1,y.q1 from dual union all select x.q2,y.q2 from dual) v(vx,vy);
          vx         |        vy
  -------------------+-------------------
!   4567890123456789 |               123
!                123 |               456
!   4567890123456789 |               123
                 123 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |               123
                 123 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |               123
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
+                123 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
    4567890123456789 |  4567890123456789
!   4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
!                123 |  4567890123456789
!   4567890123456789 | -4567890123456789
!                123 |
!                456 |
    4567890123456789 |
   -4567890123456789 |
  (20 rows)

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