There are several answers to this.
If you use a package manager like rpm (e.g., RedHat, SuSE, Mandrake), try:
tallac$ rpm -q postgresql
postgresql-7.3.4-3.rhl9
Most (all?) binaries take a the standard-ish --version flag, like this:
tallac$ initdb --version
initdb (PostgreSQL) 7.4.1
tallac$ postmaster --version
postmaster (PostgreSQL) 7.4.1
You'll notice that I've got two versions installed, so be careful about knowing which ones you're actually using. (BTW, I don't usually have two versions installed and doing so probably isn't a good idea for most people, but I happened to need 7.3.4's psql client briefly.)
Finally, you can ask the server you're talking to:
tallac$ psql -UPUBLIC -c 'select version()'
version
-------------------------------------------------------------PostgreSQL 7.4.1 on i686-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC 2.96
-Reece
--
Reece Hart, Ph.D. rkh@gene.com, http://www.gene.com/
Genentech, Inc. 650/225-6133 (voice), -5389 (fax)
Bioinformatics and Protein Engineering
1 DNA Way, MS-93 http://www.in-machina.com/~reece/
South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990 reece@in-machina.com, GPG: 0x25EC91A0
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