Обсуждение: Optimizing

<div class="Section1"><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial"> </span></font><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">Hello all.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>I have an academic project that I’m working on
and,as I’m relatively new to optimization techniques and database design, I’m wondering if some of you can give me some
pointers.<spanstyle="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Below is the schema (to model baseball statistics), and I’m pretty much
stuckwith it at this point.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>If anyone has any suggestions involving changing the
schema,I’d appreciate hearing them just for future reference…</span></font><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt; 
font-family:Arial"> </span></font><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">There are several interesting queries that I’ve been constructing just to get a feel for this
schema,and given that some of these tables contain 100,000-200,000 <span class="SpellE">tuples</span>, some queries are
takinga good 5-10 seconds to execute.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>I’m just wondering if this is simply the
faultof my schema or are these queries poorly constructed? <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Here are some queries
I’vebeen trying:</span></font><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; 
font-family:Arial"> </span></font><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial">Here’s a query for the top ten all time home run leaders:</span></font><p class="MsoNormal"><span
class="GramE"><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">select</span></font></span><fontface="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
Arial"> <span class="SpellE">P.first_name</span>, <span class="SpellE">P.last_name</span>, <span
class="SpellE">S.player_id</span>,sum(<span class="SpellE">B.hr</span>) as hr, (sum(<span
class="SpellE">B.h</span>)::float/ sum(<span class="SpellE">B.ab</span>)::float) <span
class="SpellE">ab</span></span></font><pclass="MsoNormal"><span class="GramE"><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">from</span></font></span><fontface="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
Arial"> statistics S, <span class="SpellE">batting_stats</span> B, players P</span></font><p class="MsoNormal"><span
class="GramE"><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">where</span></font></span><fontface="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
Arial"> <span class="SpellE">S.id</span>=<span class="SpellE">B.id</span> and <span
class="SpellE">S.player_id</span>=<spanclass="SpellE">P.id</span> and <span
class="SpellE">B.ab</span>>0</span></font><pclass="MsoNormal"><span class="GramE"><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">group</span></font></span><fontface="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
Arial"> by <span class="SpellE">P.first_name</span>, <span class="SpellE">P.last_name</span>, <span
class="SpellE">S.player_id</span></span></font><pclass="MsoNormal"><span class="GramE"><font face="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">order</span></font></span><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
Arial"> by hr <span class="SpellE">desc</span> limit 10;</span></font><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt; 
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"> </span></font><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><fontface="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">Selectthe 10 highest batting averages of all time where the batter had 600
ormore at bats.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Also gather the name, year, team, hits, at
bats...</span></font><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><font face="Courier
New"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New""> </span></font><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"">select</span></font></span><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New""> (<span class="SpellE">B.h::float</span> / <span class="SpellE">B.ab</span>) as <span
class="SpellE">avg</span>,<span class="SpellE">B.h</span>, <span class="SpellE">B.ab</span>, <span
class="SpellE">S.year</span>,<span class="SpellE">P.first_name</span>, <span class="SpellE">P.last_name</span>, <span
class="SpellE">T.city</span>,<span class="SpellE">T.name</span> </span></font><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"">from</span></font></span><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New""> <span class="SpellE">batting_stats</span> B, statistics S, players P, Teams T </span></font><p
class="MsoNormal"style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span class="GramE"><font face="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: 
System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"">where</span></font></span><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New""> <span class="SpellE">B.ab</span> > 600 and <span class="SpellE">S.id</span>=<span
class="SpellE">B.id</span>and <span class="SpellE">S.player_id</span>=<span class="SpellE">P.id</span> and <span
class="SpellE">S.team_id</span>=<spanclass="SpellE">T.id</span> </span></font><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"">order</span></font></span><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New""> by <span class="SpellE">avg</span> <span class="SpellE">desc</span> limit 10;</span></font><p
class="MsoNormal"><fontface="System" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; 
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"> </span></font><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><fontface="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">Tofind the names of the single season home run leaders, along with the total
numberof home runs, the team name/city and the year:</span></font><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><fontface="Courier New" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"CourierNew""> </span></font><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"">select</span></font></span><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New""> <span class="SpellE">P.first_name</span>, <span class="SpellE">P.last_name</span>, <span
class="SpellE">B.hr</span>,<span class="SpellE">T.name</span>, <span class="SpellE">T.city</span>, <span
class="SpellE">S.year</span>from statistics S, <span class="SpellE">batting_stats</span> B, players P, teams T
</span></font><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span class="GramE"><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: 
System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"">where</span></font></span><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New""> (<span class="SpellE">S.id</span>=<span class="SpellE">B.id</span>) and </span></font><p
class="MsoNormal"style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New"">(<span class="SpellE">S.player_id</span>=<span class="SpellE">P.id</span>) and </span></font><p
class="MsoNormal"style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New"">(<span class="SpellE">B.hr</span>>30) and</span></font><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New"">(<span class="SpellE">T.id</span>=<span class="SpellE">S.team_id</span>) limit 10;</span></font><p
class="MsoNormal"style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New""> </span></font><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><font
face="Arial"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">You get the idea.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> 
</span>Thesequeries take a while.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Is this just the way it is or there things
thatcan be done to optimize this?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span></span></font><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><fontface="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"> </span></font><pclass="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><fontface="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">Oneseparate issue (the reason why the above examples are all about batting
statistics)I’m having is representing the innings pitched statistic. <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The way it
isoften represented (and the way it is done in this schema) is something like this 123.0 means exactly 123 innings
pitched,123.1 means 123 1/3 innings, and 123.2 means 123 2/3 innings pitched.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> 
</span>I’mcontemplating the best way to write a function that knows how to sum these values accurately.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Is this something that can be done with PL/PGSQL or should I go straight to something
likePLPERL?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span>Alternatively, I could research a way to represent fractions in the
DBand write a script to convert all values in this column.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">  </span><span
class="GramE">Anyadvice here??</span></span></font><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><fontface="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"> </span></font><pclass="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><fontface="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">Thanksin advance for any thoughts, comments, suggestions…</span></font><p
class="MsoNormal"style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial"> </span></font><pclass="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><fontface="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial">-Jeff</span></font><divstyle="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext
1.0pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in"><p class="MsoNormal" style="border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid
windowtext.75pt; 
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in"><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"> </span></font></div><p
class="MsoNormal"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; 
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold">create</span></font></b></span><b><font face="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"> table leagues</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold">(</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span>-- create an integer id field for easier and
efficientFK referencing</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">id</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:2">                    </span>serial,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">name</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:2">              </span><span class="SpellE">varchar</span>(50),</span></font></b><p
class="MsoNormal"style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">first_year</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
1">         </span>integer not null </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">check</span>
(<spanclass="SpellE">first_year</span> > 1850 and <span class="SpellE">first_year</span> <
2010),</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">last_year</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
1">         </span>integer</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">check</span>
(<spanclass="SpellE">first_year</span> > 1850 and <span class="SpellE">first_year</span> <
2010),</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">primary</span>
key(id),</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">constraint</span> <span
class="SpellE">chronological_order</span></span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">check</span>
(<spanclass="SpellE">last_year</span> >= <span class="SpellE">first_year</span>)</span></font></b><p
class="MsoNormal"style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold">);</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold">create</span></font></b></span><b><font face="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"> table teams</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold">(</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">id</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:2">                    </span>serial,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">name</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:2">              </span><span class="SpellE">varchar</span>(50) not null,</span></font></b><p
class="MsoNormal"style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">city</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:2">                 </span><span class="SpellE">varchar</span>(50),</span></font></b><p
class="MsoNormal"style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">first_year</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
1">         </span>integer not null</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">check</span>
(<spanclass="SpellE">first_year</span> > 1850 and <span class="SpellE">first_year</span> <
2010),</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">last_year</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
1">         </span>integer</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">check</span>
(<spanclass="SpellE">first_year</span> > 1850 and <span class="SpellE">first_year</span> <
2010),</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">alt_id</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
2">               </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">league_id</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
1">        </span>integer not null,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">primary</span>
key(id),</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">foreign</span> key(<span
class="SpellE">alt_id</span>)references teams(id),</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">foreign</span> key(<span
class="SpellE">league_id</span>)references leagues(id)</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">on</span>
deletecascade,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">constraint</span> <span
class="SpellE">chronological_order</span></span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">check</span>
(<spanclass="SpellE">last_year</span> >= <span class="SpellE">first_year</span>)</span></font></b><p
class="MsoNormal"style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold">);</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold">create</span></font></b></span><b><font face="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"> table players</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold">(</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">id</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:2">                    </span>serial,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">first_name</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
1">       </span><span class="SpellE">varchar</span>(30),</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">last_name</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
1">       </span><span class="SpellE">varchar</span>(30) not null,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">bats</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:2">                </span>char(1) check (bats in ('L','R','S')),</span></font></b><p
class="MsoNormal"style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">throws</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:2">            </span>char(1) check (throws in ('L','R')),</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">dob</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
2">                  </span>date,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">primary</span>
key(id)</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold">);</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold">create</span></font></b></span><b><font face="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"> table statistics</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold">(</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">id</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                </span>serial,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">year</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                            </span>integer not null,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">g</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                 </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">player_id</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
2">                     </span>integer not null,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">team_id</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
3">                                   </span>integer not null,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">foreign</span> key(<span
class="SpellE">player_id</span>)references players(id)</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">on</span>
deletecascade,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">foreign</span> key(<span
class="SpellE">team_id</span>)references teams(id)</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">on</span>
deletecascade,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">primary</span>
key(id)</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold">);</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold">create</span></font></b></span><b><font face="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"> table <span class="SpellE">managing_stats</span></span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold">(</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">id</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                </span>integer not null,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">w</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                 </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">l</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                  </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">primary</span>
key(id),</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">foreign</span> key(id)
referencesstatistics(id)</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">on</span>
deletecascade</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold">);</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold">create</span></font></b></span><b><font face="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"> table <span class="SpellE">fielding_stats</span></span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold">(</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">id</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                </span>integer not null,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">pos</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                             </span>char(5),</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">po</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:3">                               
</span>integer,</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">a</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                 </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">e</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                 </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">dp</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:3">                               
</span>integer,</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">primary</span>
key(id),</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">foreign</span> key(id)
referencesstatistics(id)</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">on</span>
deletecascade</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold">);</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold">create</span></font></b></span><b><font face="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"> table <span class="SpellE">batting_stats</span></span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold">(</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">id</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                </span>integer not null,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">ab</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:3">                               
</span>integer,</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">r</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                  </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">h</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                 </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">doubles</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                  </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">triples</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                         </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">hr</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">rbi</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
3">                                </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">sb</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:3">                               
</span>integer,</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">cs</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:3">                               
</span>integer,</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">bb</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                               </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">so</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                               </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">sh</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:3">                               
</span>integer,</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">sf</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:3">                                
</span>integer,</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">ibb</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
3">                               </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">hbp</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count: 
3">                              </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">primary</span>
key(id),</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">foreign</span> key(id)
referencesstatistics(id)</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">on</span>
deletecascade</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold">);</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><spanclass="GramE"><b><font face="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold">create</span></font></b></span><b><font face="System"
size="2"><spanstyle="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"> table <span class="SpellE">pitching_stats</span></span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold">(</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">id</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                </span>integer not null,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">w</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                 </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">l</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                  </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">gs</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:3">                               
</span>integer,</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">cg</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                               </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">sh</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:1">        </span><span
style="mso-tab-count:2">                       </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">sv</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:3">                               
</span>integer,</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">ip</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:3">                                
</span>numeric(5,1),</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">h</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                 </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="SpellE"><span
class="GramE">er</span></span><spanstyle="mso-tab-count:3">                                
</span>integer,</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">hr</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                                </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">bb</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                               </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">so</span><span
style="mso-tab-count:3">                               </span>integer,</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">primary</span>
key(id),</span></font></b><pclass="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:1">            </span><span class="GramE">foreign</span> key(id)
referencesstatistics(id)</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-tab-count:2">                        </span><span class="GramE">on</span>
deletecascade</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><font
face="System"size="2"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family: 
System;font-weight:bold">);</span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b><fontface="System" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:
System;font-weight:bold"> </span></font></b><p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial"> </span></font></div>

Jeff,

> Hello all.  I have an academic project that I'm working on and, as
> I'm
> relatively new to optimization techniques and database design, I'm
> wondering if some of you can give me some pointers. 

See the PostgreSQL book review page:
http:\\techdocs.postgresql.org\bookreviews.php
There, you will find reviews of several good books on database design.

> There are several interesting queries that I've been constructing
> just
> to get a feel for this schema, and given that some of these tables
> contain 100,000-200,000 tuples, some queries are taking a good 5-10
> seconds to execute.  I'm just wondering if this is simply the fault
> of
> my schema or are these queries poorly constructed? 

That entirely depends.  If you're doing this on a 3-year-old laptop,
5-10 seconds is a *good* time.  But not on a Proliant 9000.

Here's the rules of indexing:
1. All JOIN columns should be indexed.
2. All criteria (WHERE) columns should be indexed, except        those that have a very limited range of values (e.g.
BOOLEAN).
3. All ORDER BY columns should be indexed, with the same exception.
4. Multi-column indexes are seldom useful for queries.
5. VACUUM should be performed regularly.
6. If SELECT is very fast and INSERT is very slow, try removing a few
indexes.

Also, you can muck around with runtime settings to you heart's content,
and moving the log files (pgsql/data/xlog) to a seperate drive improves
performance.  There are no quick answers once you've taken the basic
steps.

-Josh


______AGLIO DATABASE SOLUTIONS___________________________                                      Josh Berkus Complete
informationtechnology      josh@agliodbs.com  and data management solutions       (415) 565-7293 for law firms, small
businesses       fax 621-2533   and non-profit organizations.      San Francisco
 

the main way i optimise small queries is to image a path with the tables
joining the path (this has it's root in relational algebra and relational
calculus) and then build the query in my head imagining how i can reduce the
amount of 'traffic' flowing up the tree to the selects.

or draw the query as a tree (as ingres does as i seem to remember - great
idea for postgres ??????) like :
                                           select X,Y,Z                                                |
                               |                                                |
       /| t1.id=t2.id                                             /  |                                            /   |
                                        /     |                                  table      table 2
 
obviously you'd have more joins and more tables but the aim is the restrict
the amount of data travelling up the tree so subsequent joins contain less
tuples.

if you need them i can dig out some references from books that i have read
(and forgotten !!!) so let me know if i'm only making sense to myself.

Steve

""Jeff Sack"" <sackj@alum.rpi.edu> wrote in message
news:003301c168a0$034d53e0$019ca8c0@jeff...
> This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
>
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>
>
> Hello all.  I have an academic project that I'm working on and, as I'm
> relatively new to optimization techniques and database design, I'm
> wondering if some of you can give me some pointers.  Below is the schema
> (to model baseball statistics), and I'm pretty much stuck with it at
> this point.  If anyone has any suggestions involving changing the
> schema, I'd appreciate hearing them just for future reference.
>
> There are several interesting queries that I've been constructing just
> to get a feel for this schema, and given that some of these tables
> contain 100,000-200,000 tuples, some queries are taking a good 5-10
> seconds to execute.  I'm just wondering if this is simply the fault of
> my schema or are these queries poorly constructed?  Here are some
> queries I've been trying:
>
> Here's a query for the top ten all time home run leaders:
> select P.first_name, P.last_name, S.player_id, sum(B.hr) as hr,
> (sum(B.h)::float / sum(B.ab)::float) ab
> from statistics S, batting_stats B, players P
> where S.id=B.id and S.player_id=P.id and B.ab>0
> group by P.first_name, P.last_name, S.player_id
> order by hr desc limit 10;
>
> Select the 10 highest batting averages of all time where the batter had
> 600 or more at bats.  Also gather the name, year, team, hits, at bats...
>
> select (B.h::float / B.ab) as avg, B.h, B.ab, S.year, P.first_name,
> P.last_name, T.city, T.name
> from batting_stats B, statistics S, players P, Teams T
> where B.ab > 600 and S.id=B.id and S.player_id=P.id and S.team_id=T.id
> order by avg desc limit 10;
>
> To find the names of the single season home run leaders, along with the
> total number of home runs, the team name/city and the year:
>
> select P.first_name, P.last_name, B.hr, T.name, T.city, S.year from
> statistics S, batting_stats B, players P, teams T
> where (S.id=B.id) and
> (S.player_id=P.id) and
> (B.hr>30) and
> (T.id=S.team_id) limit 10;
>
> You get the idea.  These queries take a while.  Is this just the way it
> is or there things that can be done to optimize this?
>
> One separate issue (the reason why the above examples are all about
> batting statistics) I'm having is representing the innings pitched
> statistic.  The way it is often represented (and the way it is done in
> this schema) is something like this 123.0 means exactly 123 innings
> pitched, 123.1 means 123 1/3 innings, and 123.2 means 123 2/3 innings
> pitched.  I'm contemplating the best way to write a function that knows
> how to sum these values accurately.  Is this something that can be done
> with PL/PGSQL or should I go straight to something like PLPERL?
> Alternatively, I could research a way to represent fractions in the DB
> and write a script to convert all values in this column.  Any advice
> here??
>
> Thanks in advance for any thoughts, comments, suggestions.
>
> -Jeff
>
>
> create table leagues
> (
>             -- create an integer id field for easier and efficient FK
> referencing
>             id                     serial,
>             name               varchar(50),
>             first_year         integer not null
>                         check (first_year > 1850 and first_year < 2010),
>             last_year         integer
>                         check (first_year > 1850 and first_year < 2010),
>             primary key(id),
>             constraint chronological_order
>                         check (last_year >= first_year)
> );
>
>
> create table teams
> (
>             id                     serial,
>             name               varchar(50) not null,
>             city                  varchar(50),
>             first_year         integer not null
>                         check (first_year > 1850 and first_year < 2010),
>             last_year         integer
>                         check (first_year > 1850 and first_year < 2010),
>             alt_id               integer,
>             league_id        integer not null,
>             primary key(id),
>             foreign key(alt_id) references teams(id),
>             foreign key(league_id) references leagues(id)
>                         on delete cascade,
>             constraint chronological_order
>                         check (last_year >= first_year)
> );
>
> create table players
> (
>             id                     serial,
>             first_name       varchar(30),
>             last_name       varchar(30) not null,
>             bats                 char(1) check (bats in ('L','R','S')),
>             throws             char(1) check (throws in ('L','R')),
>             dob                  date,
>             primary key(id)
> );
>
> create table statistics
> (
>             id                                 serial,
>             year                             integer not null,
>             g                                  integer,
>             player_id                     integer not null,
>             team_id                                   integer not null,
>             foreign key(player_id) references players(id)
>                         on delete cascade,
>             foreign key(team_id) references teams(id)
>                         on delete cascade,
>             primary key(id)
> );
>
> create table managing_stats
> (
>             id                                 integer not null,
>             w                                  integer,
>             l                                   integer,
>             primary key(id),
>             foreign key(id) references statistics(id)
>                         on delete cascade
> );
>
> create table fielding_stats
> (
>             id                                 integer not null,
>             pos                              char(5),
>             po                                integer,
>             a                                  integer,
>             e                                  integer,
>             dp                                integer,
>             primary key(id),
>             foreign key(id) references statistics(id)
>                         on delete cascade
> );
>
> create table batting_stats
> (
>             id                                 integer not null,
>             ab                                integer,
>             r                                   integer,
>             h                                  integer,
>             doubles                                   integer,
>             triples                          integer,
>             hr                                 integer,
>             rbi                                integer,
>             sb                                integer,
>             cs                                integer,
>             bb                                integer,
>             so                                integer,
>             sh                                integer,
>             sf                                 integer,
>             ibb                               integer,
>             hbp                              integer,
>             primary key(id),
>             foreign key(id) references statistics(id)
>                         on delete cascade
> );
>
> create table pitching_stats
> (
>             id                                 integer not null,
>             w                                  integer,
>             l                                   integer,
>             gs                                integer,
>             cg                                integer,
>             sh                                integer,
>             sv                                integer,
>             ip                                 numeric(5,1),
>             h                                  integer,
>             er                                 integer,
>             hr                                 integer,
>             bb                                integer,
>             so                                integer,
>             primary key(id),
>             foreign key(id) references statistics(id)
>                         on delete cascade
> );
>
>
>
>
>
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>
> <body lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vlink=3Dpurple style=3D'tab-interval:.5in'>
>
> <div class=3DSection1>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:1=
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:1=
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'>Hello all.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> 
</span=
> >I
> have an academic project that I’m working on and, as I’m
relati=
> vely
> new to optimization techniques and database design, I’m wondering if
=
> some
> of you can give me some pointers.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> 
</=
> span>Below
> is the schema (to model baseball statistics), and I’m pretty much
stu=
> ck
> with it at this point.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>If
any=
> one
> has any suggestions involving changing the schema, I’d appreciate
hea=
> ring
> them just for future reference…<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:1=
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:1=
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'>There are several interesting queries that I’ve
be=
> en
> constructing just to get a feel for this schema, and given that some of
the=
> se
> tables contain 100,000-200,000 <span class=3DSpellE>tuples</span>, some
que=
> ries
> are taking a good 5-10 seconds to execute.<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>=
>  
> </span>I’m just wondering if this is simply the fault of my schema
or=
>  are
> these queries poorly constructed? <span
> style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Here are some queries I’ve
be=
> en
> trying:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:1=
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:1=
> 0.0pt;
> font-family:Arial'>Here’s a query for the top ten all time home run
> leaders:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2
face=3DSystem><span
>
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>se=
> lect</span></font></span><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> Arial'> <span class=3DSpellE>P.first_name</span>, <span
class=3DSpellE>P.la=
> st_name</span>,
> <span class=3DSpellE>S.player_id</span>, sum(<span
class=3DSpellE>B.hr</spa=
> n>) as
> hr, (sum(<span class=3DSpellE>B.h</span>)::float / sum(<span
class=3DSpellE=
> >B.ab</span>)::float)
> <span class=3DSpellE>ab</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2
face=3DSystem><span
>
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>fr=
> om</span></font></span><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> Arial'> statistics S, <span class=3DSpellE>batting_stats</span> B, players
=
> P<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2
face=3DSystem><span
>
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>wh=
> ere</span></font></span><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> Arial'> <span class=3DSpellE>S.id</span>=3D<span
class=3DSpellE>B.id</span>=
>  and <span
> class=3DSpellE>S.player_id</span>=3D<span class=3DSpellE>P.id</span> and
<s=
> pan
> class=3DSpellE>B.ab</span>>0<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2
face=3DSystem><span
>
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>gr=
> oup</span></font></span><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> Arial'> by <span class=3DSpellE>P.first_name</span>, <span
class=3DSpellE>P=
> .last_name</span>,
> <span class=3DSpellE>S.player_id</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2
face=3DSystem><span
>
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>or=
> der</span></font></span><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> Arial'> by hr <span class=3DSpellE>desc</span> limit
10;<o:p></o:p></span><=
> /font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:=
> 10.0pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></fo=
> nt></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Se=
> lect the
> 10 highest batting averages of all time where the batter had 600 or more
at
> bats.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Also gather the name,
y=
> ear,
> team, hits, at bats...<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3D"Courier New"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"=
> Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;=
> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier
New"'>select</span></font></span><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> (<span class=3DSpellE>B.h::float</span> / <span
class=3DSpe=
> llE>B.ab</span>)
> as <span class=3DSpellE>avg</span>, <span class=3DSpellE>B.h</span>, <span
> class=3DSpellE>B.ab</span>, <span class=3DSpellE>S.year</span>, <span
class=
> =3DSpellE>P.first_name</span>,
> <span class=3DSpellE>P.last_name</span>, <span
class=3DSpellE>T.city</span>=
> , <span
> class=3DSpellE>T.name</span> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;=
> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>from</span></font></span><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> <span class=3DSpellE>batting_stats</span> B, statistics S,
> players P, Teams T <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;=
> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>where</span></font></span><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> <span class=3DSpellE>B.ab</span> > 600 and <span class=
> =3DSpellE>S.id</span>=3D<span
> class=3DSpellE>B.id</span> and <span
class=3DSpellE>S.player_id</span>=3D<s=
> pan
> class=3DSpellE>P.id</span> and <span
class=3DSpellE>S.team_id</span>=3D<span
> class=3DSpellE>T.id</span> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;=
> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>order</span></font></span><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> by <span class=3DSpellE>avg</span> <span
class=3DSpellE>des=
> c</span>
> limit 10;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:=
> 10.0pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></fo=
> nt></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>To=
>  find the
> names of the single season home run leaders, along with the total number
of
> home runs, the team name/city and the year:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3D"Courier New"><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"=
> Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;=
> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier
New"'>select</span></font></span><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> <span class=3DSpellE>P.first_name</span>, <span
class=3DSpe=
> llE>P.last_name</span>,
> <span class=3DSpellE>B.hr</span>, <span class=3DSpellE>T.name</span>,
<span
> class=3DSpellE>T.city</span>, <span class=3DSpellE>S.year</span> from
stati=
> stics S,
> <span class=3DSpellE>batting_stats</span> B, players P, teams T
<o:p></o:p>=
> </span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;=
> font-family:
> System;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>where</span></font></span><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'> (<span class=3DSpellE>S.id</span>=3D<span
class=3DSpellE>B.=
> id</span>)
> and <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'>(<span class=3DSpellE>S.player_id</span>=3D<span
class=3DSpe=
> llE>P.id</span>)
> and <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'>(<span class=3DSpellE>B.hr</span>>30)
and<o:p></o:p></spa=
> n></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'>(<span class=3DSpellE>T.id</span>=3D<span
class=3DSpellE>S.t=
> eam_id</span>)
> limit 10;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> "Courier New"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Yo=
> u get the
> idea.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>These queries take a
wh=
> ile.<span
> style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Is this just the way it is or
there
> things that can be done to optimize this?<span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&=
> nbsp;
> </span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o=
> :p> </o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>On=
> e separate
> issue (the reason why the above examples are all about batting statistics)
=
> I’m
> having is representing the innings pitched statistic. <span
> style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>The way it is often represented
(an=
> d the
> way it is done in this schema) is something like this 123.0 means exactly
1=
> 23
> innings pitched, 123.1 means 123 1/3 innings, and 123.2 means 123 2/3
innin=
> gs
> pitched.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>I’m
contemplat=
> ing
> the best way to write a function that knows how to sum these values
> accurately.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Is this
something=
>  that
> can be done with PL/PGSQL or should I go straight to something like
PLPERL?=
> <span
> style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>Alternatively, I could research a
=
> way to
> represent fractions in the DB and write a script to convert all values in
t=
> his
> column.<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span><span
class=3DGramE>A=
> ny
> advice here??</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o=
> :p> </o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Th=
> anks in
> advance for any thoughts, comments,
suggestions…<o:p></o:p></span></f=
> ont></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o=
> :p> </o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><font
> size=3D2 face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>-J=
> eff<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
>
> <div style=3D'border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext
1.0pt;mso-border-b=
> ottom-alt:
> solid windowtext .75pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid
windo=
> wtext .75pt;
> padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'><font size=3D2
face=3DSystem=
> ><span
>
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><o=
> :p> </o:p></span></font></p>
>
> </div>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-si=
> ze:10.0pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> =
> ;</o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><b><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0=
> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an></font></b></span><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table leagues<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span>--
> create an integer id field for easier and efficient FK
referencing<o:p></o:=
> p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>id</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
> ;     </span>serial,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>name</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>            
</span><=
> span
> class=3DSpellE>varchar</span>(50),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>first_year</span></span><span
style=3D'm=
> so-tab-count:
> 1'>         </span>integer not
null=
>  <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>check</span> (<span class=3DSpellE>first_year</span> >
185=
> 0 and <span
> class=3DSpellE>first_year</span> <
2010),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></=
> p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>last_year</span></span><span
style=3D'ms=
> o-tab-count:
> 1'>        
</span>integer<o:p></o:=
> p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>check</span> (<span class=3DSpellE>first_year</span> >
185=
> 0 and <span
> class=3DSpellE>first_year</span> <
2010),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></=
> p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>primary</span> key(id),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>constraint</span> <span
class=3DSpellE>chronological_order</s=
> pan><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>check</span> (<span class=3DSpellE>last_year</span> >=3D
<=
> span
> class=3DSpellE>first_year</span>)<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><b><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0=
> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an></font></b></span><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table teams<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>id</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
> ;     </span>serial,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>name</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>            
</span><=
> span
> class=3DSpellE>varchar</span>(50) not
null,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>city</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;  </span><span
> class=3DSpellE>varchar</span>(50),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>first_year</span></span><span
style=3D'm=
> so-tab-count:
> 1'>         </span>integer not
null=
> <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>check</span> (<span class=3DSpellE>first_year</span> >
185=
> 0 and <span
> class=3DSpellE>first_year</span> <
2010),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></=
> p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>last_year</span></span><span
style=3D'ms=
> o-tab-count:
> 1'>        
</span>integer<o:p></o:=
> p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>check</span> (<span class=3DSpellE>first_year</span> >
185=
> 0 and <span
> class=3DSpellE>first_year</span> <
2010),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></=
> p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>alt_id</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-t=
> ab-count:
>
2'>            =
>    </span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>league_id</span></span><span
style=3D'ms=
> o-tab-count:
> 1'>        </span>integer not
null,<o:p>=
> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>primary</span> key(id),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>foreign</span> key(<span class=3DSpellE>alt_id</span>)
refere=
> nces
> teams(id),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>foreign</span> key(<span class=3DSpellE>league_id</span>)
ref=
> erences
> leagues(id)<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>on</span> delete cascade,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>constraint</span> <span
class=3DSpellE>chronological_order</s=
> pan><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>check</span> (<span class=3DSpellE>last_year</span> >=3D
<=
> span
> class=3DSpellE>first_year</span>)<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><b><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0=
> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an></font></b></span><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table players<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>id</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
> ;     </span>serial,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>first_name</span></span><span
style=3D'm=
> so-tab-count:
> 1'>       </span><span
class=3DSpellE>varchar=
> </span>(30),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>last_name</span></span><span
style=3D'ms=
> o-tab-count:
> 1'>       </span><span
class=3DSpellE>varchar=
> </span>(30)
> not null,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>bats</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp; </span>char(1)
> check (bats in ('L','R','S')),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>throws</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>  &nbs=
> p;          </span>char(1)
> check (throws in ('L','R')),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>dob</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-=
> count:
>
2'>            =
>      
</span>date,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>primary</span> key(id)<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><b><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0=
> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an></font></b></span><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table
statistics<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>id</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    </span>serial,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>year</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   =
>
            &nb=
>
sp;            =
>  </span>integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>g</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>player_id</span></span><span
style=3D'ms=
> o-tab-count:
>
2'>            =
>          </span>integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>team_id</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-=
> tab-count:
>
3'>            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;          </span>integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>foreign</span> key(<span class=3DSpellE>player_id</span>)
ref=
> erences
> players(id)<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>on</span> delete cascade,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>foreign</span> key(<span class=3DSpellE>team_id</span>)
refer=
> ences
> teams(id)<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>on</span> delete cascade,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>primary</span> key(id)<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><b><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0=
> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an></font></b></span><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table <span
class=3DSpellE>managing_stats</span><=
> o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>id</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    </span>integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>w</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>l</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;     
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font><=
> /b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>primary</span> key(id),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>foreign</span> key(id) references
statistics(id)<o:p></o:p></=
> span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>on</span> delete cascade<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><b><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0=
> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an></font></b></span><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table <span
class=3DSpellE>fielding_stats</span><=
> o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>id</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    </span>integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>pos</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
>
p;            &=
> nbsp; </span>char(5),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>po</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
>
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>a</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>e</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>dp</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
>
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>primary</span> key(id),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>foreign</span> key(id) references
statistics(id)<o:p></o:p></=
> span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>on</span> delete cascade<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><b><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0=
> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an></font></b></span><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table <span
class=3DSpellE>batting_stats</span><o=
> :p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>id</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    </span>integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>ab</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
>
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>r</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;     
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font><=
> /b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>h</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>doubles</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>  &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;      
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></=
> font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>triples</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>  &nb=
>
sp;            =
>           
</span>integer=
> ,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>hr</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    </span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>rbi</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-=
> count:
>
3'>            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;      
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></=
> font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>sb</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
>
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>cs</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
>
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>bb</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;   </span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>so</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;   </span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>sh</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
>
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>sf</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
>
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;        
</span>integer,<o:p></o:=
> p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>ibb</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-=
> count:
>
3'>            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;     
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font><=
> /b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>hbp</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-=
> count:
>
3'>            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>primary</span> key(id),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>foreign</span> key(id) references
statistics(id)<o:p></o:p></=
> span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
> class=3DGramE>on</span> delete cascade<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>);<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><span
> class=3DGramE><b><font size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0=
> pt;
>
font-family:System;mso-bidi-font-family:System;font-weight:bold'>create</sp=
> an></font></b></span><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'> table <span
class=3DSpellE>pitching_stats</span><=
> o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'>(<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>id</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    </span>integer
> not null,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>w</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>l</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;     
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font><=
> /b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>gs</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
>
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>cg</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;   </span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>sh</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
> ount:1'>        </span><span
>
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>        &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;   </span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>sv</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
>
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;       
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></sp=
> an></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>ip</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
>
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;        
</span>numeric(5,1),<o:p=
> ></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>h</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &nb=
>
sp;            =
>
            &nb=
> sp;    
</span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DSpellE><span class=3DGramE>er</span></span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-c=
>
ount:3'>           &=
>
nbsp;           &nbs=
> p;        
</span>integer,<o:p></o:=
> p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>hr</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;    </span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>bb</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;   </span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>so</span><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:3'>   &n=
>
bsp;            =
>
;            &n=
> bsp;   </span>integer,<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>primary</span> key(id),<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1'>   =
>          </span><span
> class=3DGramE>foreign</span> key(id) references
statistics(id)<o:p></o:p></=
> span></font></b></p>
>
> <p class=3DMsoNormal
style=3D'mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:non=
> e'><b><font
> size=3D2 face=3DSystem><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:System;m=
> so-bidi-font-family:
> System;font-weight:bold'><span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:2'>   =
>
            &nb=
> sp;        </span><span
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