pgsql: SQL/JSON: support the IS JSON predicate

SQL/JSON: support the IS JSON predicate

This patch introduces the SQL standard IS JSON predicate. It operates
on text and bytea values representing JSON, as well as on the json and
jsonb types. Each test has IS and IS NOT variants and supports a WITH
UNIQUE KEYS flag. The tests are:

IS JSON [VALUE]
IS JSON ARRAY
IS JSON OBJECT
IS JSON SCALAR

These should be self-explanatory.

The WITH UNIQUE KEYS flag makes these return false when duplicate keys
exist in any object within the value, not necessarily directly contained
in the outermost object.

Author: Nikita Glukhov <n.gluhov@postgrespro.ru>
Author: Teodor Sigaev <teodor@sigaev.ru>
Author: Oleg Bartunov <obartunov@gmail.com>
Author: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com>
Author: Amit Langote <amitlangote09@gmail.com>
Author: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>

Reviewers have included (in no particular order) Andres Freund, Alexander
Korotkov, Pavel Stehule, Andrew Alsup, Erik Rijkers, Zihong Yu,
Himanshu Upadhyaya, Daniel Gustafsson, Justin Pryzby.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAF4Au4w2x-5LTnN_bxky-mq4=WOqsGsxSpENCzHRAzSnEd8+WQ@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/cd0bb935-0158-78a7-08b5-904886deac4b@postgrespro.ru
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20220616233130.rparivafipt6doj3@alap3.anarazel.de
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/abd9b83b-aa66-f230-3d6d-734817f0995d%40postgresql.org

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/6ee30209a6f161d0a267a33f090c70c579c87c00

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/func.sgml                             |  80 +++++++++
src/backend/executor/execExpr.c                    |  13 ++
src/backend/executor/execExprInterp.c              |  99 +++++++++++
src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_expr.c                |   6 +
src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_types.c               |   1 +
src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c                      |  19 ++
src/backend/nodes/nodeFuncs.c                      |  26 +++
src/backend/parser/gram.y                          |  68 ++++++-
src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c                    |  76 ++++++++
src/backend/utils/adt/json.c                       | 132 +++++++++++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c                  |  20 +++
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c                  |  37 ++++
src/include/catalog/catversion.h                   |   2 +-
src/include/executor/execExpr.h                    |   8 +
src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h                      |   3 +
src/include/nodes/primnodes.h                      |  26 +++
src/include/parser/kwlist.h                        |   1 +
src/include/utils/json.h                           |   1 +
src/include/utils/jsonfuncs.h                      |   3 +
src/interfaces/ecpg/test/expected/sql-sqljson.c    |  71 +++++---
.../ecpg/test/expected/sql-sqljson.stderr          |  86 +++++----
.../ecpg/test/expected/sql-sqljson.stdout          |   8 +
src/interfaces/ecpg/test/sql/sqljson.pgc           |  17 ++
src/test/regress/expected/sqljson.out              | 198 +++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/sqljson.sql                   |  96 ++++++++++
25 files changed, 1030 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)