Re: Max connections reached without max connections reached

Looking again into the back trace[1], it appeared that the backend is
getting stuck while getting the subtransaction's parent information,
and that can only happen if the snapshot is getting marked as
overflowed.  So it seems that some of the scripts are using a lot of
sub-transaction (> 64) within a transaction and in such case, we can
not cache the sub-transaction information and the snapshot will be
marked overflowed.  After that, for checking the visibility of any
tuple we need to consult the SLRU to get TopMost transaction
information and if the subtransaction SLRU cache is full then it will
have to do the I/O.  So in this case it appeared that a lot of
parallel scans/new connections are trying to read the pg_subtrans and
due to limited cache size that is not even able to load the data in
the cache and getting frequently blocked.  So I assume that when you
say the startup is getting stuck forever, how long did you wait, maybe
it is moving but getting stuck again for the next tuple, so to confirm
that attach the process with gdb put breakpoint in XidInMVCCSnapshot()
and check whether it is hitting that breakpoint again or not.  Also,
check whether you are seeing "SubtransControlLock" in
pg_stat_activity.  There is one nice blog[2] explaining this issue so
you can refer to that as well.