diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/plpgsql.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/plpgsql.sgml
new file mode 100644
index f33cef5..ee2e3a3
*** a/doc/src/sgml/plpgsql.sgml
--- b/doc/src/sgml/plpgsql.sgml
*************** OPEN curs1 FOR EXECUTE 'SELECT * FROM '
*** 2823,2833 ****
!
Opening a Bound Cursor
! OPEN bound_cursorvar ( argument_values ) ;
--- 2823,2833 ----
!
Opening a Bound Cursor
! OPEN bound_cursorvar ( argname := argument_value , ... ) ;
*************** OPEN bound_cursorvar
+ Cursors may be opened using either positional
+ or named notation. Similar to calling
+ functions, described in , it
+ is also allowed to mix positional and named notation. In positional
+ notation, all arguments are specified in order. In named notation,
+ each argument's name is specified using := to
+ separate it from the argument expression.
+
+
+
Examples (these use the cursor declaration examples above):
OPEN curs2;
OPEN curs3(42);
+ OPEN curs3(key := 42);
*************** COMMIT;
*** 3169,3186 ****
<<label>>
! FOR recordvar IN bound_cursorvar ( argument_values ) LOOP
statements
END LOOP label ;
The cursor variable must have been bound to some query when it was
! declared, and it cannot> be open already. The
! FOR> statement automatically opens the cursor, and it closes
! the cursor again when the loop exits. A list of actual argument value
! expressions must appear if and only if the cursor was declared to take
! arguments. These values will be substituted in the query, in just
! the same way as during an OPEN>.
The variable recordvar is automatically
defined as type record> and exists only inside the loop (any
existing definition of the variable name is ignored within the loop).
--- 3180,3203 ----
<<label>>
! FOR recordvar IN bound_cursorvar ( argname := argument_value , ... ) LOOP
statements
END LOOP label ;
The cursor variable must have been bound to some query when it was
! declared, and it cannot> be open already. The FOR>
! statement automatically opens the cursor, and it closes the cursor again
! when the loop exits. The cursor's arguments may be supplied in either
! positional or named
! notation. A list of actual argument value expressions must appear if and
! only if the cursor was declared to take arguments. These values will be
! substituted in the query, in just the same way as during an
! OPEN described in .
!
!
!
The variable recordvar is automatically
defined as type record> and exists only inside the loop (any
existing definition of the variable name is ignored within the loop).
diff --git a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/gram.y b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/gram.y
new file mode 100644
index 8c4c2f7..107007a
*** a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/gram.y
--- b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/gram.y
*************** static PLpgSQL_expr *read_sql_construct(
*** 67,72 ****
--- 67,73 ----
const char *sqlstart,
bool isexpression,
bool valid_sql,
+ bool trim,
int *startloc,
int *endtoken);
static PLpgSQL_expr *read_sql_expression(int until,
*************** for_control : for_variable K_IN
*** 1313,1318 ****
--- 1314,1320 ----
"SELECT ",
true,
false,
+ true,
&expr1loc,
&tok);
*************** stmt_raise : K_RAISE
*** 1692,1698 ****
expr = read_sql_construct(',', ';', K_USING,
", or ; or USING",
"SELECT ",
! true, true,
NULL, &tok);
new->params = lappend(new->params, expr);
}
--- 1694,1700 ----
expr = read_sql_construct(',', ';', K_USING,
", or ; or USING",
"SELECT ",
! true, true, true,
NULL, &tok);
new->params = lappend(new->params, expr);
}
*************** stmt_dynexecute : K_EXECUTE
*** 1790,1796 ****
expr = read_sql_construct(K_INTO, K_USING, ';',
"INTO or USING or ;",
"SELECT ",
! true, true,
NULL, &endtoken);
new = palloc(sizeof(PLpgSQL_stmt_dynexecute));
--- 1792,1798 ----
expr = read_sql_construct(K_INTO, K_USING, ';',
"INTO or USING or ;",
"SELECT ",
! true, true, true,
NULL, &endtoken);
new = palloc(sizeof(PLpgSQL_stmt_dynexecute));
*************** stmt_dynexecute : K_EXECUTE
*** 1829,1835 ****
expr = read_sql_construct(',', ';', K_INTO,
", or ; or INTO",
"SELECT ",
! true, true,
NULL, &endtoken);
new->params = lappend(new->params, expr);
} while (endtoken == ',');
--- 1831,1837 ----
expr = read_sql_construct(',', ';', K_INTO,
", or ; or INTO",
"SELECT ",
! true, true, true,
NULL, &endtoken);
new->params = lappend(new->params, expr);
} while (endtoken == ',');
*************** static PLpgSQL_expr *
*** 2322,2328 ****
read_sql_expression(int until, const char *expected)
{
return read_sql_construct(until, 0, 0, expected,
! "SELECT ", true, true, NULL, NULL);
}
/* Convenience routine to read an expression with two possible terminators */
--- 2324,2330 ----
read_sql_expression(int until, const char *expected)
{
return read_sql_construct(until, 0, 0, expected,
! "SELECT ", true, true, true, NULL, NULL);
}
/* Convenience routine to read an expression with two possible terminators */
*************** read_sql_expression2(int until, int unti
*** 2331,2337 ****
int *endtoken)
{
return read_sql_construct(until, until2, 0, expected,
! "SELECT ", true, true, NULL, endtoken);
}
/* Convenience routine to read a SQL statement that must end with ';' */
--- 2333,2339 ----
int *endtoken)
{
return read_sql_construct(until, until2, 0, expected,
! "SELECT ", true, true, true, NULL, endtoken);
}
/* Convenience routine to read a SQL statement that must end with ';' */
*************** static PLpgSQL_expr *
*** 2339,2345 ****
read_sql_stmt(const char *sqlstart)
{
return read_sql_construct(';', 0, 0, ";",
! sqlstart, false, true, NULL, NULL);
}
/*
--- 2341,2347 ----
read_sql_stmt(const char *sqlstart)
{
return read_sql_construct(';', 0, 0, ";",
! sqlstart, false, true, true, NULL, NULL);
}
/*
*************** read_sql_stmt(const char *sqlstart)
*** 2352,2357 ****
--- 2354,2360 ----
* sqlstart: text to prefix to the accumulated SQL text
* isexpression: whether to say we're reading an "expression" or a "statement"
* valid_sql: whether to check the syntax of the expr (prefixed with sqlstart)
+ * bool: trim trailing whitespace
* startloc: if not NULL, location of first token is stored at *startloc
* endtoken: if not NULL, ending token is stored at *endtoken
* (this is only interesting if until2 or until3 isn't zero)
*************** read_sql_construct(int until,
*** 2364,2369 ****
--- 2367,2373 ----
const char *sqlstart,
bool isexpression,
bool valid_sql,
+ bool trim,
int *startloc,
int *endtoken)
{
*************** read_sql_construct(int until,
*** 2443,2450 ****
plpgsql_append_source_text(&ds, startlocation, yylloc);
/* trim any trailing whitespace, for neatness */
! while (ds.len > 0 && scanner_isspace(ds.data[ds.len - 1]))
! ds.data[--ds.len] = '\0';
expr = palloc0(sizeof(PLpgSQL_expr));
expr->dtype = PLPGSQL_DTYPE_EXPR;
--- 2447,2455 ----
plpgsql_append_source_text(&ds, startlocation, yylloc);
/* trim any trailing whitespace, for neatness */
! if (trim)
! while (ds.len > 0 && scanner_isspace(ds.data[ds.len - 1]))
! ds.data[--ds.len] = '\0';
expr = palloc0(sizeof(PLpgSQL_expr));
expr->dtype = PLPGSQL_DTYPE_EXPR;
*************** check_labels(const char *start_label, co
*** 3374,3389 ****
/*
* Read the arguments (if any) for a cursor, followed by the until token
*
! * If cursor has no args, just swallow the until token and return NULL.
! * If it does have args, we expect to see "( expr [, expr ...] )" followed
! * by the until token. Consume all that and return a SELECT query that
! * evaluates the expression(s) (without the outer parens).
*/
static PLpgSQL_expr *
read_cursor_args(PLpgSQL_var *cursor, int until, const char *expected)
{
! PLpgSQL_expr *expr;
! int tok;
tok = yylex();
if (cursor->cursor_explicit_argrow < 0)
--- 3379,3401 ----
/*
* Read the arguments (if any) for a cursor, followed by the until token
*
! * If cursor has no args, just swallow the until token and return NULL. If it
! * does have args, we expect to see "( expr [, expr ...] )" followed by the
! * until token, where expr may be a plain expression, or a named parameter
! * assignment of the form IDENT := expr. Consume all that and return a SELECT
! * query that evaluates the expression(s) (without the outer parens).
*/
static PLpgSQL_expr *
read_cursor_args(PLpgSQL_var *cursor, int until, const char *expected)
{
! PLpgSQL_expr *expr;
! PLpgSQL_row *row;
! int tok;
! int argc = 0;
! char **argv;
! StringInfoData ds;
! char *sqlstart = "SELECT ";
! bool named = false;
tok = yylex();
if (cursor->cursor_explicit_argrow < 0)
*************** read_cursor_args(PLpgSQL_var *cursor, in
*** 3402,3407 ****
--- 3414,3422 ----
return NULL;
}
+ row = (PLpgSQL_row *) plpgsql_Datums[cursor->cursor_explicit_argrow];
+ argv = (char **) palloc0(sizeof(char *) * row->nfields);
+
/* Else better provide arguments */
if (tok != '(')
ereport(ERROR,
*************** read_cursor_args(PLpgSQL_var *cursor, in
*** 3410,3419 ****
cursor->refname),
parser_errposition(yylloc)));
! /*
! * Read expressions until the matching ')'.
! */
! expr = read_sql_expression(')', ")");
/* Next we'd better find the until token */
tok = yylex();
--- 3425,3525 ----
cursor->refname),
parser_errposition(yylloc)));
! for (argc = 0; argc < row->nfields; argc++)
! {
! int argpos;
! int endtoken;
! PLpgSQL_expr *item;
! int arglocation;
!
! if (plpgsql_isidentassign(&arglocation))
! {
! /* Named parameter assignment */
! named = true;
! for (argpos = 0; argpos < row->nfields; argpos++)
! if (strcmp(row->fieldnames[argpos], yylval.str) == 0)
! break;
!
! if (argpos == row->nfields)
! ereport(ERROR,
! (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
! errmsg("cursor \"%s\" has no argument named \"%s\"",
! cursor->refname, yylval.str),
! parser_errposition(yylloc)));
! }
! else
! {
! /* Positional parameter assignment */
! argpos = argc;
! }
!
! /*
! * Read one expression at a time until the matching endtoken. To
! * provide the user with meaningful parse error positions, we check the
! * syntax immediately, instead of checking the final expression that
! * may have a permutated argument list. Also trailing whitespace may
! * not be trimmed, since otherwise input of the form (param --
! * comment\n, param) is translated into a form that comments the
! * remaining parameters.
! */
! item = read_sql_construct(',', ')', 0,
! ",\" or \")",
! sqlstart,
! true, true,
! false, /* do not trim */
! NULL, &endtoken);
!
! if (endtoken == ')' && !(argc == row->nfields - 1))
! ereport(ERROR,
! (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
! errmsg("not enough arguments for cursor \"%s\"",
! cursor->refname),
! parser_errposition(yylloc)));
!
! if (endtoken == ',' && (argc == row->nfields - 1))
! ereport(ERROR,
! (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
! errmsg("too many arguments for cursor \"%s\"",
! cursor->refname),
! parser_errposition(yylloc)));
!
! if (argv[argpos] != NULL)
! ereport(ERROR,
! (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
! errmsg("duplicate value for cursor \"%s\" parameter \"%s\"",
! cursor->refname, row->fieldnames[argpos]),
! parser_errposition(arglocation)));
!
! argv[argpos] = item->query + strlen(sqlstart);
! }
!
! /* Make positional argument list */
! initStringInfo(&ds);
! appendStringInfoString(&ds, sqlstart);
! for (argc = 0; argc < row->nfields; argc++)
! {
! Assert(argv[argc] != NULL);
!
! /*
! * Because named notation allows permutated argument lists, include
! * the parameter name for meaningful runtime errors.
! */
! if (named)
! appendStringInfo(&ds, "/* %s := */ ", row->fieldnames[argc]);
!
! appendStringInfoString(&ds, argv[argc]);
! if (argc < row->nfields - 1)
! appendStringInfoString(&ds, ", ");
! }
! appendStringInfoChar(&ds, ';');
!
! expr = palloc0(sizeof(PLpgSQL_expr));
! expr->dtype = PLPGSQL_DTYPE_EXPR;
! expr->query = pstrdup(ds.data);
! expr->plan = NULL;
! expr->paramnos = NULL;
! expr->ns = plpgsql_ns_top();
! pfree(ds.data);
/* Next we'd better find the until token */
tok = yylex();
diff --git a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_scanner.c b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_scanner.c
new file mode 100644
index 76e8436..ce3161c
*** a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_scanner.c
--- b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_scanner.c
*************** plpgsql_scanner_finish(void)
*** 583,585 ****
--- 583,622 ----
yyscanner = NULL;
scanorig = NULL;
}
+
+ /*
+ * Return true if 'IDENT' ':=' are the next two tokens
+ *
+ * startloc: if not NULL, location of first token is stored at *startloc
+ */
+ bool
+ plpgsql_isidentassign(int *startloc)
+ {
+ int tok1, tok2;
+ TokenAuxData aux1, aux2;
+ bool result = false;
+
+ tok1 = internal_yylex(&aux1);
+ if (startloc)
+ *startloc = aux1.lloc;
+
+ if (tok1 == IDENT)
+ {
+ tok2 = internal_yylex(&aux2);
+
+ if (tok2 == COLON_EQUALS)
+ result = true;
+ else
+ push_back_token(tok2, &aux2);
+ }
+
+ if (!result)
+ push_back_token(tok1, &aux1);
+
+ plpgsql_yylval = aux1.lval;
+ plpgsql_yylloc = aux1.lloc;
+ plpgsql_yyleng = aux1.leng;
+
+ return result;
+ }
+
diff --git a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/plpgsql.h b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/plpgsql.h
new file mode 100644
index c638f43..b3ff847
*** a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/plpgsql.h
--- b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/plpgsql.h
*************** extern int plpgsql_location_to_lineno(in
*** 968,973 ****
--- 968,974 ----
extern int plpgsql_latest_lineno(void);
extern void plpgsql_scanner_init(const char *str);
extern void plpgsql_scanner_finish(void);
+ extern bool plpgsql_isidentassign(int *startloc);
/* ----------
* Externs in gram.y
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/plpgsql.out b/src/test/regress/expected/plpgsql.out
new file mode 100644
index 238bf5f..1df0f23
*** a/src/test/regress/expected/plpgsql.out
--- b/src/test/regress/expected/plpgsql.out
*************** select refcursor_test2(20000, 20000) as
*** 2292,2297 ****
--- 2292,2428 ----
(1 row)
--
+ -- tests for cursors with named parameter arguments
+ --
+ create function namedparmcursor_test1(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (param1 int, param12 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param12;
+ nonsense record;
+ begin
+ open c1(param12 := $2, -- comment after , should be ignored
+ param1 := $1);
+ fetch c1 into nonsense;
+ close c1;
+ if found then
+ return true;
+ else
+ return false;
+ end if;
+ end
+ $$ language plpgsql;
+ select namedparmcursor_test1(20000, 20000) as "Should be false",
+ namedparmcursor_test1(20, 20) as "Should be true";
+ Should be false | Should be true
+ -----------------+----------------
+ f | t
+ (1 row)
+
+ -- mixing named and positional, ok
+ create or replace function named(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+ begin
+ open c1(param1 := $1, $2);
+ end
+ $$ language plpgsql;
+ -- mixing named and positional, double param2, parse time error at second value
+ create or replace function named(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+ begin
+ open c1(param2 := $1, $2);
+ end
+ $$ language plpgsql;
+ ERROR: duplicate value for cursor "c1" parameter "param2"
+ LINE 5: open c1(param2 := $1, $2);
+ ^
+ -- mixing named and positional, double param1, parse time error at second value
+ create or replace function named(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+ begin
+ open c1($1, param1 := $2);
+ end
+ $$ language plpgsql;
+ ERROR: duplicate value for cursor "c1" parameter "param1"
+ LINE 5: open c1($1, param1 := $2);
+ ^
+ -- not enough parameters, parse time error at );
+ create or replace function named(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+ begin
+ open c1(param2 := $2);
+ end
+ $$ language plpgsql;
+ ERROR: not enough arguments for cursor "c1"
+ LINE 5: open c1(param2 := $2);
+ ^
+ -- double parameter, parse time error at second p2
+ create or replace function fooey() returns void as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+ select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+ begin
+ open c1 (p2 := 77, p2 := 42);
+ end $$ language plpgsql;
+ ERROR: duplicate value for cursor "c1" parameter "p2"
+ LINE 6: open c1 (p2 := 77, p2 := 42);
+ ^
+ -- division by zero runtime error,
+ -- provides context users can make sense of:
+ -- CONTEXT: SQL statement "SELECT /* p1 := */ 42/0, /* p2 := */ 77;"
+ create or replace function fooey() returns void as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+ select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+ begin
+ open c1 (p2 := 77, p1 := 42/0);
+ end $$ language plpgsql;
+ select fooey();
+ ERROR: division by zero
+ CONTEXT: SQL statement "SELECT /* p1 := */ 42/0, /* p2 := */ 77;"
+ PL/pgSQL function "fooey" line 6 at OPEN
+ -- test comment and newline structure, will not give runtime error when
+ -- read_sql_construct trims trailing whitespace
+ create or replace function fooey() returns void as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+ select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+ begin
+ open c1 (77 -- test
+ , 42/);
+ end $$ language plpgsql;
+ ERROR: syntax error at end of input
+ LINE 7: , 42/);
+ ^
+ select fooey();
+ ERROR: division by zero
+ CONTEXT: SQL statement "SELECT /* p1 := */ 42/0, /* p2 := */ 77;"
+ PL/pgSQL function "fooey" line 6 at OPEN
+ -- test syntax error at :
+ create or replace function fooey() returns void as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+ select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+ begin
+ open c1 ( p2 := 42, p1 : = 77);
+ end $$ language plpgsql;
+ ERROR: syntax error at or near ":"
+ LINE 6: open c1 ( p2 := 42, p1 : = 77);
+ ^
+ -- test another syntax error at ,
+ create or replace function fooey() returns void as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+ select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+ begin
+ open c1 ( p2 := 42/, p1 : = 77);
+ end $$ language plpgsql;
+ ERROR: syntax error at end of input
+ LINE 6: open c1 ( p2 := 42/, p1 : = 77);
+ ^
+ --
-- tests for "raise" processing
--
create function raise_test1(int) returns int as $$
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/plpgsql.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/plpgsql.sql
new file mode 100644
index b47c2de..f1fb7fd
*** a/src/test/regress/sql/plpgsql.sql
--- b/src/test/regress/sql/plpgsql.sql
*************** select refcursor_test2(20000, 20000) as
*** 1946,1951 ****
--- 1946,2061 ----
refcursor_test2(20, 20) as "Should be true";
--
+ -- tests for cursors with named parameter arguments
+ --
+ create function namedparmcursor_test1(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (param1 int, param12 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param12;
+ nonsense record;
+ begin
+ open c1(param12 := $2, -- comment after , should be ignored
+ param1 := $1);
+ fetch c1 into nonsense;
+ close c1;
+ if found then
+ return true;
+ else
+ return false;
+ end if;
+ end
+ $$ language plpgsql;
+
+ select namedparmcursor_test1(20000, 20000) as "Should be false",
+ namedparmcursor_test1(20, 20) as "Should be true";
+
+ -- mixing named and positional, ok
+ create or replace function named(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+ begin
+ open c1(param1 := $1, $2);
+ end
+ $$ language plpgsql;
+
+ -- mixing named and positional, double param2, parse time error at second value
+ create or replace function named(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+ begin
+ open c1(param2 := $1, $2);
+ end
+ $$ language plpgsql;
+
+ -- mixing named and positional, double param1, parse time error at second value
+ create or replace function named(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+ begin
+ open c1($1, param1 := $2);
+ end
+ $$ language plpgsql;
+
+ -- not enough parameters, parse time error at );
+ create or replace function named(int, int) returns boolean as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (param1 int, param2 int) for select * from rc_test where a > param1 and b > param2;
+ begin
+ open c1(param2 := $2);
+ end
+ $$ language plpgsql;
+
+ -- double parameter, parse time error at second p2
+ create or replace function fooey() returns void as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+ select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+ begin
+ open c1 (p2 := 77, p2 := 42);
+ end $$ language plpgsql;
+
+ -- division by zero runtime error,
+ -- provides context users can make sense of:
+ -- CONTEXT: SQL statement "SELECT /* p1 := */ 42/0, /* p2 := */ 77;"
+ create or replace function fooey() returns void as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+ select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+ begin
+ open c1 (p2 := 77, p1 := 42/0);
+ end $$ language plpgsql;
+ select fooey();
+
+ -- test comment and newline structure, will not give runtime error when
+ -- read_sql_construct trims trailing whitespace
+ create or replace function fooey() returns void as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+ select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+ begin
+ open c1 (77 -- test
+ , 42/);
+ end $$ language plpgsql;
+ select fooey();
+
+ -- test syntax error at :
+ create or replace function fooey() returns void as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+ select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+ begin
+ open c1 ( p2 := 42, p1 : = 77);
+ end $$ language plpgsql;
+
+ -- test another syntax error at ,
+ create or replace function fooey() returns void as $$
+ declare
+ c1 cursor (p1 int, p2 int) for
+ select * from tenk1 where thousand = p1 and tenthous = p2;
+ begin
+ open c1 ( p2 := 42/, p1 : = 77);
+ end $$ language plpgsql;
+
+ --
-- tests for "raise" processing
--
create function raise_test1(int) returns int as $$